Navegando por Assunto "Processes"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O meio natural na Amazônia paraense: paisagem, configuração espacial e dinâmica social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-26) CARVALHO, Ana Cláudia Alves de; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
This research is part of the project developed by the research group Territorial Dynamics of Rural Space in the Amazon - GDEA, in which Nahum (2018) proposes the use of geographic concepts that make it possible to analyze the Amazon region of Pará geographically and specifically its formation process. According to Nahum (2019), the Amazon went through a succession and coexistence of geographical environments, the natural environment being characterized by rural workers relations linked to extractivism; followed by a technical environment marked by an agrarian period linked to agricultural activities; and a technical scientific-informational environment, which is rural, with agro-industrial activities, making up the current panorama. The idea is defended that the natural environment to which the Amazon passed comprises the period from 1616 to 1966. The year 1616 marks the foundation of the city of Belém, and thus the beginning of the formation of the future General Company of Pará and Maranhão, defined as the starting point, and 1966 dates the beginning of “Operation Amazônia”, a set of investments aimed at the development of the region, as the point of arrival. Taking this into account, we support the thesis of the existence of a natural environment in the Amazon region of Pará, seeking to build a periodization of said area, to show the spatial movement that structured its formation. For this research, the landscape, spatial configuration, and social dynamics in these three and a half centuries will be characterized, and thus singularize the natural environment in the Amazon region of Pará. Thinking about such a concept requires us to understand that the existence of the geographic environments characterized by Santos and Silveira (2001) are spatial readings that have the technique as reference. This research aims to go beyond historical, economic, and sociological contributions, to raise evidence from a periodization as to how the landscape, spatial configuration and social dynamics of each period enabled the Amazon to reach its current stage. Considering the analytical methodology of the research, it is understood that space is the fundamental category to understand the idea of period, event, and periodization in Santos (2008). As an operational methodology, a bibliographical review was carried out on the Amazon region of Pará from 1616 to 1966, in order to build the necessary database to understand the landscape, spatial configuration and social dynamics of the study area. Incorporating Geography into the methodological process becomes a challenge that is sought to be overcome, however, here is an attempt.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O transporte público enquanto dimensão do processo de metropolização de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-11) CASTRO, Carlos Jorge Nogueira de; RIBEIRO, Willame Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0410219650119090; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3692-4224; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
The development process of Brazilian cities presents essential elements in cargo and passenger transport that have sustained the production of urban space over the centuries; in this way, the means of transport participate in the structuring of the urban space, articulating the center and its sub-centers with the peripheral spaces. This guarantees the permanence of processes that characterize socio-spatial inequality. In recent years, debates have orbited between environmental sustainability policies and urban mobility in the face of metropolization processes. The particularities of the Amazonian space require theoretical and methodological efforts capable of articulating the process of metropolization of space and the role developed by transport as an actuating element, articulating and regulating spatial interactions. Based on these elements, and assuming the object of this thesis, the objective proposed in this research is to analyze the main urban passenger transport system in the metropolitan area of Belém; seeks to understand the role of the State in relation to the main strategies identified in the territorialities of transport agents over the past two decades; to analyze the expression of these territorialities in the movements of expansion of the transport system and market, as an element that composes the process of metropolization of space by articulating the center with its sub centers and its peripheries, which guarantees the maintenance of the processes of socio-spatial inequality in the metropolitan space. The methodological procedures developed approximate the dialogues constituted by the theoretical foundation, supported in large volume in the analysis of data and information from primary sources, and secondary data - some worked in an environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS's) that put on and subsidize essential elements for the analytical approaches proposed in this thesis. The results of this research demonstrate phenomena intrinsic to public transport in the Amazon context, reveals the precariousness programmed in the passenger transportation service offered by the transport agents, with the consent of the State, reveal the metamorphoses in the capitals of the transport agents with predominant performance in the system, analyzes the corporate structure of the companies and the territorial movements that allow to affirm that there is active participation of the transport agents in the process of metropolization of Belém. In this way, public transport acts as a component of greatness in the process of metropolization of Belém and has had throughout its trajectory conflicts dimensioned in ruptures and continuities in the phenomenon of urban displacement of passengers.