Navegando por Assunto "Psicologia animal"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de simetria por comparação de treinos de emparelhamento ao modelo sucessivo (go/no-go)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-16) PICANÇO, Carlos Rafael Fernandes; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Successive matching-to-sample (go/no-go) has been pointed out as an effective procedure to reduce stimulus control digressions in conditional relation training with non-humans. Other studies suggest the comparison between (symmetrical and non symetrical) conditional discrimination acquisition curves as a way to evaluate properties of equivalence relations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using both procedures above mentioned in evaluating the property of symmetry in four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp). Stimulus presentation, activation of devices, and response recording were automatically controlled by software. Subjects were maintained under conditions approved by IBAMA. By mean of an “ABAB” single subject design, the acquisition of symmetrical (A) and non-symmetrical (B) conditional discriminations were compared. In both Condition A and B, conditional relations A-B and B-A were simultaneously trained so that in every condition, four new arbitrary conditional discriminations (with new stimuli arbitrarily related) were presented. When symmetrical, positive combinations were A1-B1, A2 B2, B1-A1, and B2-A2, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A2 and B2 A1. When non-symmetrical, positive combinations were A1 B1, A2 B2, B1 A2, and B2 A1, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A1 e B2 A2. Two of the four subjects (Negão e Bongo) completed que acquisition of one (Bongo) or two (Negão) sets of conditional relations (Conditions A-symmetrical and B-non-symmetrical) for the evaluation of the viability of the procedure to verify the property of symmetry. Data demonstrate that the method here reported detected the presence of the property of symmetry in the conditional relations leraned by Negão and its absence in the conditional relations learned by Bongo. Data are inconclusive for the other two subjects. One detailed analysis of the performance of each subject and its measures is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Discriminação simples auditiva em Macaco-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-03-11) MACHADO, Francisco José Freitas; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The acquisition of generalized discriminative relational repertoires represents a complex discriminative capability in the interaction on any species with its environment, having, for much time, being considered to be exclusively human. There are few researches on this capability in non-human primates in the auditory modality, and even less about their multimodal discriminatory repertoire, which characterizes much of the complex discriminative human behavior. This study investigated the possibility of a capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) to learn to respond appropriately to different acoustic stimuli by the use of a simple discrimination procedure. The subject was exposed to five pairs acoustic stimuli: each pair was always composed of one sound with a predominance of high frequencies and another of low frequencies; one of them with a function of positive stimulus (S +) and the other of negative stimulus (S-). The criteria adopted for the presentation of a new pair of stimuli was the achievement of a rate of response for the (S-) equal of inferior more than 25% of the rate for the (S +), for five consecutive sessions. The subject reached the criteria for all five pairs of stimuli. The effects of learning set and the physical properties of the stimuli are discussed, as well as procedural differences in regard to previous studies. These results suggest the possibility of using capuchin monkey as an animal model in research on complex discriminative repertoires.