Navegando por Assunto "Psicologia cognitiva"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação de classes funcionais em cães domésticos (Canis familiaris)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-02) SOUZA, Liane Dahás Jorge de; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The present study investigated the possibility of teaching two domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to respond adequately to two classes of three stimuli (boxes with pieces of food when having S+ function) through a procedure of successive changes of simple discrimination (SCSD). Sessions were carried out in a room in which two, four or six wooden boxes were placed side by side. Initially, the subjects responded to two stimuli (a positive [S+] and another negative [S-]) for session, until four of the six boxes appeared with both of the functions. In the following phase, the four boxes were presented together, whith two boxes of a class functioning as S+ and the other two, as S-. Changes were performed until the subjects reached the criteria of learning in 11 out of 12 sessions. After that, the subjects were trained to respond to the two boxes that had not been used before, and then, the training with all six boxes was initiated. The test took place after a session of change with four boxes in which the two remaining boxes had been re-inserted in the experimental room. Having negative results in this test, training of SCSD was conducted with the six boxes, after which the test was remade. Both of the subjects had adequately responded to all the trials. Other five tests were conducted with the others boxes, in the same format of the first test. One of the subjects adequately responded to two of these five tests and the other to three of them. It is argued about the effect of the emphasis in the visual discrimination and the use of fixed positions of the boxes on the performance of the subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intencionalidade, linguagem e análise do comportamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06) ÁLLAN, Sylvio; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
Behavioral theories of language did not offer until this moment an adequate conceptual and empirical treatment for complex verbal behaviors. A contemporary functionalist proposal concerning complex repertoires in language acquisition and development is the usage-based theory of language acquisition, by Tomasello and colleagues. This theory has been developed in the context of Tomasello and colleagues’ wider analysis about the evolution of human cognition. In this proposal, comprehending and sharing intentionality are key aspects to human cognitive and linguistic development. The concept of intentionality, however, has led to several critics to this proposal, mainly because of a possible comeback of mentalist proposals about cognition and language. Thus, the present paper aimed: (1) to analyze Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal about the evolution of human cognition and the relation between this proposal and the acquisition/development of language – analyzing specifically the role of the concept of intentionality in this proposal and the relation between intentionality and language; (2) to analyze the treatment of this concept in John R. Searle and Daniel C. Dennett’s papers, comparing it to Tomasello and colleagues’ one, based on the criteria of: (i) definition of intentionality and (ii) relation between intentionality and language; (3) to analyze the treatment of the concept of intentionality in Behavior Analysis, comparing it to Tomasello and colleagues’ one, based on the same (i) and (ii) criteria. It was expected that these analyses would allow a better clarification about the usage of the concept of intentionality in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and would allow an interlocution between Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and Behavior Analysis, i.e., one approach to cognition and language without references to mental entities as explicative aspects. Tomasello and colleagues propose that human cognition is a sort of primate cognition, derived from primate biological adaptations to comprehend the others intentionally, in terms of actions, perceptions, emotional states and objectives, and a exclusively human motivation to share intentionality with others. From these characteristics, human beings became able to engage in collaboration activities related to cultural cognition (involving the creation and usage of linguistic and mathematic symbols, cultural artifacts, technologies, cultural practices, and social institutions), that changed considerably human species’ social interactions, allowing it to accumulate and modify the knowledge throughout history and to transmit this knowledge to further generations. Considering analyses of the usage of the concept of intentionality in Tomasello and coleagues, Searle, Dennett and Behavior Analysis’ proposals, it was established a relation between Tomasello and colleagues’ and Dennett’s proposals, both of them defining intentionality as a set of cognitive-behavior skills of organisms, derived from species’ evolutionary history. Furthermore, it was established a relation between the concept of intentionality in Searle’s and Behavior Analysis’ proposals and the concept of intentional in Tomasello and colleagues’ one, both of them meaning a referential property (i.e., to be related to) of certain phenomena according to objects and state of affairs. Concerning to the relation between intentionality and language, Tomasello and colleagues’, Searle’s and Dennett’s proposals emphasize the importance of the interaction between intentionality and language to the evolution of the so-called human cognition. However, Tomasello and colleagues are more related to Searle’s model because both of them suggest symbolic language is an intentionalityderived human behavioral skill. Dennett rejects this hypothesis, considering intentionality and symbolic language as two different behavior phenomena that co-evolved and started to interact from a certain moment in human species’ evolutionary history. In general, the present paper suggests that the main concepts used in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal about the evolution of human cognition and, specifically, in the usage-based theory of language acquisition, are compatible to some concepts used in others knowledge’s areas, like the philosophy of mind and behavioral sciences. In addition, the present paper also allowed an interlocution between Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal and Behavior Analysis. It is suggested that (a) adopting behavioral vocabulary may contribute to investigate the phenomena in Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal, rejecting references to mentalists hypotheses; and (b) Tomasello and colleagues’ proposal may offer relevant contributions to Behavior Analysis, concerning to the investigation of symbolic processes, specially symbolic language acquisition and development, since this proposal has investigated more complex symbolic processes than those traditionally investigated by Behavior Analysis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Investigando aspectos do mastery learning e da capacidade da memória visual para objetos dinâmicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-22) PEREIRA FILHO, Silvio Carlos Ferreira; ALVES, Danilo Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6642002445572793