Navegando por Assunto "Psicologia da criança"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Instrução como estratégia de enfrentamento para a realização de curativo sem sedação em enfermaria com crianças vítimas de queimadura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-05) OLIVEIRA, Fabiana Pereira Sabino de; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
One may define “burn” as the resulting picture or the outcome of a direct or indirect action of heat, chemical compounds or electricity over the human organic structure. Some studies point out children as the majority of victims. Procedures, inherent to the process of recovery, are known to be particularly painful. The frequency of invasive medical procedures on burn-victims, favors the production of concurrent behaviors from the child and can lead to the generalization of the aversive feature of the invasive procedure to stimuli existing in the environment, thus justifying studies over the effectiveness of such invasive interventions. The research was divided into two studies with specific objectives. Study 1 (n = 5): to characterize behaviors of children which are burn-victims, produced during curative procedures without sedation in wards and to compare the frequency of concurrent and non-concurrent behaviors generated by these children in two consecutive sessions of this procedure. Study 2 (n = 2): to analyze the effects of the use of instruction on the frequency of concurrent and non-concurrent behaviors in children which are burn-victims during the curative procedure without sedation in wards. Seven children (four boys and three girls, ages 7-12) victims of burns on body lower areas inferior to 70% and their companions, selected from a Burn Treatment Center (BTC) participated. The following were used as instruments: (a) Health Care Team Consultation Protocol, (b) Child Behavioral Check List (CBCL 6-18 years), (c) Guide Book for interviewing the child, (d) Observation scale of behavioral distress OSBD, (e) Scale to evaluate the child’s facial pain perception and (f) Instruction Manual on curative procedures. In Study 1, it was noticed a higher frequency of concurrent behavior over the non- concurrent one in two sessions of curative procedures. In Study 2, upon using the Instruction Manual, it was noticed a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of the concurrent behavior Whimpering (p-value = 0.0447) and a significant increase (p-value = 0.0324) in the frequency of non-concurrent behavior Assistant in the implementation of the procedure. There was a significant correlation (p-value = 0.0066) between the frequency of non-concurrent behaviors among children in Study 1 and those who participated in Study 2, therefore suggesting that the intervention was effective in increasing the frequency of non-concurrent behaviors in children participating in Study 2.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“João e Maria”: uma observação psicanalítica sobre a experiência de crianças em situação de abrigamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-08-28) BARROS, Ana Cláudia Borba Gonçalves; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186
This research aims at comprehending children behaviour living in shelter, taking into account the importance of the environment/place, the affective relations and the negative effects of maternal deprivation in the first years for the child development. In order to develop the study, two children were observed (23 and 31 months old), receiving the fictional names João and Maria, once their history of life has allowed a comparison to the “Hansel and Gretel” tale (“João and Maria” in Portuguese), by the Grimm Brothers. Observations were conducted in a shelter owned by the State of Pará, which receives children from zero to six years old, in the city of Belém. They were performed twice a week, lasting one hour each, during 5 months. It was considered the Bick Method for Observing Babies, based on three distinct moments: observation, annotation and group supervision. Results were organised in three categories: 1) the care environment for João and Maria, 2) João and Maria revealed by their ludic plays and games, and 3) meetings with the observer-narrator, whose actions were based in the perspective of the Winnicottian concept. In the first category, fragments of the history of life from João and Maria were presented, as well as aspects referred to the cares they have received in this context, which were permeated by the lack of affection and absence in the prioritisation of real demands according to the time and rhythm of the children, related mainly to the institutional dynamic. In the second category, children plays were investigated in association with body contact, involvement with other children and the observer – in the last case, interaction was more often during the meals. In the third and last category, feelings, difficulties and learning from the observer were discussed, as well as the narrator particular relation to the history of life of the two children and the particularities of the place. Therefore, it was realised that João and Maria were looking for a care relation based on body and affection contact; they have showed themselves as available in the contact one with the other, allowing the creation of affective links, which are positive and healthy aspects for children development. Finally, there is no doubt that applying the Winnicottian concept and the use of the Bick Method have contributed for a better understanding of the João and Maria experience, collaborating significantly for the apprehension of the reality of such children and their context of development.