Navegando por Assunto "Psychoanalysis"

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A clínica psicanalítica no hospital: a elaboração do sofrimento psíquico a partir da angústia em pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-10) SOUZA, Elaine Antunes de; PENA, Breno Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587208433134328
This present work will address the dimension of the psychoanalytic clinic in the hospital, considering the psychic elaboration of suffering in subjects who are overcome by anguish when facing an oncological diagnosis. In the context of oncological treatment, we find the social representation of the disease associated with death, still considered a taboo topic. This social imaginary has very ancient roots in history, being marked by intense physical and psychological suffering, since the disease was often accompanied by death, regardless of the treatment carried out. When it comes to illness due to cancer, the exercise of psychoanalysis in the hospital takes place on an urgent basis, or better said, subjective urgency, in which we seek to understand the psychic repercussions, which are shaken at this moment of illness. The idea of subjective urgency refers to the breaking of the subject's speech when faced with something unbearable, without symbolic mediation. At this moment, lacking words to name this situation, the ill subject positions his psychic reality in action. Suffering manifested through human relationships and the finiteness of one's own body presents itself in an imperious way, as it links suffering to what is ineluctable and escapes the subject's full control. And the body, as it is part of nature, imposes limits in relation to its functioning and duration, which in this case, we can consider the experience of psychological suffering in cancer, being manifested in the body. To understand anguish, which from the beginning became central in psychoanalytic theory, Freud came across this concept in the clinic of neuroses, starting to investigate its forms of psychic manifestations, developing his theory addressing this important concept. In his Draft It is considered one of the most important writings addressed to Fliess, on the affect of anxiety, which associates it with another central concept in psychoanalytic theory, sexuality. We can observe that Freud writes about two theories, the first mentioned as being a transformation of libido and the second, the theory of repression. For Lacan, anguish is an affect, but he considers it not to be a symptom. To the extent that it configures anguish as an affect, it characterizes it aimlessly, completely adrift, because it is never repressed. It is this characteristic of it that makes it so unsettling, as it is not tied to the network of signifiers that is impossible to represent. In this way, the psychoanalytic clinic in the health institution considers the difference between illness inscribed in the body and illness as an experience. In this aspect, the psychoanalyst will seek to provide the transition from the event itself to an experience, enabling the construction of subjectivation, elevating such illness to the position of experience producing unique knowledge. Since we are part of the hospital institution, it is important to think about the time of each subject, since the temporality of the hospital ignores its own temporality. Lacan presents us with the problematic of logic regarding time, discussing the constitution of three instances, namely: the moment of seeing, the time of understanding, the moment of concluding. We can associate these three concepts with the experience of becoming ill with cancer. Being the moment of seeing, the oncological diagnosis and despair emerged in the face of the certainty of one's own death, confronting the patient with the reality of human finitude. When moving to the time of understanding, with the establishment of transference, the subject reaches the process of psychic elaboration. And finally, the psychic work ends with the moment of concluding what you asked about. And as the subject is faced with such subjective experiences, he is confronted with the transience of his own life. The research method used was the clinical case study, carried out in a hospital institution in Belém do Pará, a reference in oncological treatment. The general objective was to understand psychoanalytic clinical practice in the hospital context, specifically the psychic elaboration based on the experience of anguish in cancer patients. The specific objectives included the investigation of the conception of anguish by Freud, Lacan and their commentators, the exploration of the relationship between anguish and cancer, and the identification of the process of elaboration of psychological suffering in cancer patients.
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A construção da(s) subjetividade(s) masculina(s): um percurso teórico entre Freud e Stoller
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-26) GONÇALVES, Ricardo César dos Santos; SOUZA, Mauricio Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4730551301673902; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-000X
O presente trabalho aborda a construção da(s) subjetividades(s) masculina(s) em um percurso psicanalítico inicialmente delineado por Freud e, posteriormente, ampliado por Robert Stoller. O trajeto metodológico estabelecido para esta dissertação se fundamenta a partir da pesquisa teórica em psicanálise. Entretanto, é pertinente ressaltar que, embora a pesquisa privilegie a psicanálise como seu principal aporte teórico, este trabalho não negligencia as contribuições provenientes de outras áreas do conhecimento, especialmente das abordagens sociológicas e dos estudos de gênero. O intuito desse trabalho pode ser dividido em quatro aspectos centrais: (1) demonstrar como o conceito de gênero se integrou a teoria psicanalítica; (2) conceitualizar a noção de masculinidade(s) por intermédio de um percurso histórico subdividido em três tempos – Antigo, Medieval e Moderno –, dessa forma, ratificando como o conceito pode ser mutável e interdependente de cenários sócio-históricos; (3) investigar as peculiaridades da subjetivação masculina na obra freudiana e; (4) analisar as contribuições teóricas do psicanalista norte-americano Robert Stoller, centralizando nossos esforços em examinar o conceito de “identidade de gênero”, introduzido pelo mesmo no âmbito psicanalítico. Por fim, nas considerações finais, faremos observações sobre os possíveis desdobramentos dessa pesquisa. Além disso, teceremos apontamentos críticos em relação à escassez de estudos que versam sobre os homens e a masculinidade tanto no meio psicanalítico quanto em outras produções acadêmicas brasileiras. Em última instância, espera-se que esse trabalho possa contribuir para o aprimoramento da temática proposta e, concomitantemente, servir de amparo às investigações futuras.
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Estudo longitudinal de duplas mãe-bebê: o sofrimento psíquico na maternidade
(Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria Psicanalítica do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2018-04) LOPES, Ana Beatriz Fernandes; SANTIS, Volanda Gemma Moraes; RABELLO, Silvana
This is a psychoanalytical study in the field of Early Detection of Severe Psychopathologies. It proposes a longitudinal study through monitoring of mother-infant pairs in a public institution specialized in the care of pregnant women. The idea is to study how the fundamental bond between mother and child is established, and analyze certain signs of psychological distress within this setting. This research aims to discuss the methodological impasses that arise; to share findings; and to discuss a concept of psychological distress which is typical to this stage of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Homens que falam com o corpo: histeria de conversão ou fenômeno psicossomático?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) PEREIRA, Ana Carla Silva; NICOLAU, Roseane Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0430583046421802
This dissertation discusses the subject of the corporal manifestations, mainly the hysterical conversion. The initial proposal is of doing a brief course in the Freudian work and his successors, with intention of delimiting the subject of the hysteria, and to look for the statute of the body in psychoanalysis, as well as, that which affects it. For the psychoanalysis, the body is conceived not only as a biological body, but also as erogenous body, available and inhabited for pulsion. This body, that is rendered to the action of the pulsions, is a plastic body, capable to be for purposes different with relationship to the psychic economy. For this reason, it is necessary to consider that there are double ways of corporal, two clinical slopes: the symptom hysterical conversive and the psychosomatic phenomenon. How to distinguish both? How to know if we are in front of a symptom of hysterical conversion or of a corporal phenomenon of psychosomatic order? To understand that double ways of corporal wins relevance when we needed to lead the treatment. For that, it is necessary to know to distinguish the psychosomatic phenomenon of the corporal manifestations of symptomatic order, in other words, hysterical conversion. Thus, we will try to confront those two corporal affection that, in spite of if they manifest in the body, they obey different logics. This quarrel opens space for the retaken of the pulsion concept, which is the connection point on the two clinical subjects approached. This dissertation makes us to think about the clinic, and about as the individuals they are used of theirs bodies, before a suffering of the order of the unbearable.
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O jogo dos sentidos em psicanálise: alteridade, verdade e construção
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2018-12) SOUZA, Maurício Rodrigues de
This article is a contribution to the debate concerning the problem of otherness in psychoanalysis. For this purpose, it focuses on the notion of construction, discussing the dilemma of imposition/negotiation of meaning in the clinical setting through a theoretical research that enhances two specific perspectives: the Freudian original one, closest to the realism of an equivalence between metapsychologies and the expressions of the unconscious, and that other later suggested by Serge Viderman, constructivist and skeptical about the possibilities of well-defined correspondences between clinical phenomena and predetermined theoretical representations. In conclusive terms, after approaching some dialogues proposed by Luís Claudio Figueiredo between psychoanalysis, temporality, narrativity and elements of Heidegger’s philosophy, it defends an interpretative ideal that metabolizes and embodies the speech that is directed to it, but that also supports and holds its inner differences, revealing an availability to the movement of thought itself.
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Literatura de autoajuda, sugestão e contemporaneidade: uma leitura psicanalítica
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018) PEREIRA, Mateus Abreu; SOUZA, Maurício Rodrigues de
One of the phenomena of contemporary times that deserve mention is the high popularity of self-help literature. The works of this genre encourage practices of interpersonal influence, which usually incur in the use of suggestion, criticized by Freud since before the twentieth century. Indeed, using Freudian psychoanalysis as the main theoretical framework, focusing the notion of suggestion and, in a complementary way, the content analysis of a representative work of self-help, this study aimed to analyze some of mechanisms present in such literary genre and discuss the factors that influence its wide acceptance today. Thus, points out that the relationship between author and reader in self-help, guided by psychological processes of identification and transfer in favor of accession to the proposals of the author, allows him continually to renew this promise to lead the reader to success.
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O Mestre e o Psicanalista: tecendo laços nas políticas públicas
(Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2016) NICOLAU, Roseane Freitas; MATOS, Roberto Pires Calazans
The psychoanalytic discourse insertion into public health institutions causes some technical and ethical deadlocks for confronting the singularity of “an individual”, that is an aim of psychoanalysis, to the kind of healthcare employed by public policies of attention and care “for all” users of certain categories. This fact has made many psychoanalysts to wonder about important points of this experience, for example the role of subject in healthcare services, whose emergency gets subservient to the master’s discourse, which structures the institutional relations. How to keep the specificity of the psychoanalytical praxis in the institutional context, in which bonds are structured by the master’s discourse? How do agreements and disagreements between discourses of master and psychoanalyst happen? The Psychoanalysis, according to the Freudian-Lacanian orientation, responds to these issues taking into account the analyst's discourse peculiarity and treatment of the subject of the unconscious from what Lacan called psychoanalysis applied to therapy, which makes possible the inclusion of psychoanalysis the institution.
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A relação cuidador-bebê e os vínculos precários de uma sociedade líquida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-28) SILVA, Luan Sampaio; PEDROSO, Janari da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4096274367867186; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-834X
In contemporary times, we live in a time in which human relationships are increasingly fragile and inconsistent. Human beings, devoid of empathy, do not acquire the ability to genuinely care about the social and loving relationships they establish. This phenomenon is referred to by Bauman as “liquid modernity”. Despite describing the social phenomenon, it does not offer an answer, from a psychic point of view, about the reasons why people do not involve themselves emotionally in their relationships. The objective of this work is to analyze, in an interpretative way, the relationship between the caregiver and the baby and the fragility of human bonds from the perspective of the theory of personal maturation, developed by Winnicott. The psychoanalyst discusses the caregiver-baby relationship and the implications of this dyadic relationship in the formation of everyone’s personality by proposing his own knowledge called “Maturation Theory”, in which the baby’s developmental path in relation to his or her care environment is described. The propositions surrounding this theory will serve as the basis for the investigations and discussions in this thesis, in conjunction with studies by other psychoanalytic authors. Regarding the research methodology, it is composed of two stages: the first comprises the bibliographical review of some of the main classic works written by Bauman, Winnicott, among other psychoanalytic theorists, which addressed the construction and weaknesses of social bonds in the caregiverbaby interaction. In the second stage, the psychoanalytic-interpretive method will be adopted through the analysis of the film (directed by Lynne Ramsay) and fragments of the book (by Lionel Shriver) of the same name: “We need to talk about Kevin” (2011), with emphasis on the character Kevin and his environment/care network. The thesis is that liquid modernity and the fragility of social ties are a macrosocial phenomenon, composed of several microsocial phenomena that point to “environmental failures” in different spheres, but which, in a micro way, have their origins in the quality of the relationship between the caregiver-environment and the baby, in a specific primitive period of emotional development – the concern stage –, which compromises the achievement of the ability to care about others. We call this “net caregiver-baby relationship”.
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A sexualidade de mulheres vivendo com AIDS: contribuições da psicanálise
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) FLEXA, Jucélia Pereira; CECCARELLI, Paulo Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6109293223271452; MOREIRA, Ana Cleide Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9245673017553186
The feminization of HIV/aids is a reality in Brazil, according to the Health Ministry's epidemiological data. This work is based on the psychoanalysis referential and presents the case study of Larissa, outpatient at the ambulatory for Specialized Assistance in HIV/aids of the University Hospital João de Barros Barreto. The starting point was the hypothesis that women living with HIV/aids may present subjective consequences before a traumatic diagnosis associated with taboos such as death and sexuality. For Larissa having aids meant rejection, discrimination and abandonment by her partner and parents. On her visits she expressed her concern with how to tell her boyfriend about the virus, fearing an aggressive reaction, talked about her childhood and an adolescence of conflicts with her parents, her father's aggression and complained about her mother, mainly for her not having said anything related to sexuality. In her romantic relationships with men and problems with the law, one might think, according to psychoanalytic theory, that her helplessness may have lead her to masochism. Larissa's ideal of love with these partners points to aspects of a romantic love, in which she expected to find protection and trust. Furthermore, this research also highlights the presence of uneasiness between mothers and daughters realted to talks pertaining to sexuality, the body and female desire, that is, the absence of sexual education which in Larissa's case, left her at the mercy of her partners, without resources to protect herself from diseases such as aids and teenage pregnancy. Larissa's account is in line with those of other female patients living with HIV, investigated in this research, and can serve as a warning to the problem presented on the Brazilian Epidemiological Bulletin of 2012's data, where the incidence of cases of HIV infection in young people from 13 to 19 years is increasing, women being the majority. For Larissa, being able to talk about her sexuality at the clinic, allowed her to find the meanings of the traumatic aspects experienced in her childhood and adolescence, to face her internal conflicts and her sense of helplessness, to think about her relationship with her mother and her daughters and, finally, to say she was "learning to be a woman", which, for her, meant being "more prepared" for life.
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Sexualidade e ideal de feminilidade: contribuições para o debate
(Círculo Brasileiro de Psicanálise, 2018-06) MOREIRA, Ana Cleide Guedes; VIEIRA, Milla Maria de Carvalho Dias; CECCARELLI, Paulo Roberto
In this article we investigate the relationship between the ideal of femininity, female sexuality and women infection by HIV. Sociocultural ideals are responsible for defining what it is to be feminine and masculine in our culture, conceivingnormality patterns that constitute subjectivity. In the eighteenth century a new femininity modelhas emerged, still in force, whose main author was Jean Jacques Rousseau. In this ideal, women should be passive to men’s desires and needs, would be destined to a single social place - the home - and motherhood, not being able to perform other social functions. In this paper we analyze the problem of HIV infection in women,using the testimony of one of the documentary “Positives” participants. It is necessary to demonstrate the hypothesis that women identified to the mentioned ideal of femininity can not negotiate with their partner the use of the condom in sexual relations, since while submissive to the other person’s desire, they do not place themselves as subjects of their own’s.
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A subjetividade da criança como chave de leitura para os entraves no processo de aprendizagem: a importância do laço educadora-criança no processo de inclusão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-01) PAIVA, Erika dos Santos; BARROS, Izabella Paiva Monteiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1803233392625209
Being education a fundamental and necessary precept for the individual in development, the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) postulates that every child and adolescent has the right to be literate. In this way, two important concepts are understood in this context: literacy, defined by the teaching of codes and letters that make up the standardized education system, and literacy skills represented by behaviors and techniques that go beyond the mastery and construction of alphabetical and spelling systems, that is, it encompasses the ability to interpret and contextualize. Although Decree 7,611/11 emphasizes the importance of specialized educational attention for children with disabilities, global developmental disorders, and high abilities, ensuring the inclusion of children with obstacles in literacy or psychological constitution in the school environment constitutes a true dilemma for most regular education teachers, as numerous questions arise about how to carry out this inclusion. Therefore, the schooling of children with learning difficulties requires active participation from teachers, the school, and, above all, the child as the protagonist with a voice in their own life story. The personalized bond between the teacher and the child in cases of obstacles in literacy allows the educator to have a new perspective on the subject's subjectivity, providing space for the recognition of the desiring subject. This transferential bond, according to psychoanalysis, is a facilitating and necessary means in the relationship between peers. In this way, the research aims to discuss, through a case study, the importance of the teacher considering, in addition to cognitive competencies, the child's subjectivity in the inclusion process. For this, as a research method, the articulation of an exploratory study with a qualitative approach was used, with the support of the qualitative clinical method that draws on psychoanalytic knowledge, such as transference and the unconscious. The study sample consisted of a therapeutic companion/teacher and a child, who was invited to participate in the research for being a user of the health service of the Center for Women's and Children's Health Care (Casmuc) and for attending Basic Education, inclusion criteria. The instrument used for data collection was APEGI (Psychoanalytic Follow-up of Children in Schools, Groups, and Institutions), composed of a semi-directed interview script and some indicators that report on the quality of the child's bond with others. The data were processed quantitatively and qualitatively and served as the basis for the construction of the clinical case. All desirable ethical recommendations for research involving human subjects were respected and followed. The case of Lucas Explorer indicates that the therapeutic companion-child bond, established through the careful gaze of the professional who made a commitment to what Lucas knew and not to what he did not know, helped support the becoming of the student as a desiring subject, allowing him to speak and have an active voice in society. In this way, the place he previously occupied, that of a child reduced to a label based on a diagnosis, can be left behind.
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Verdades e verdades: uma análise a partir do filme “A caça”
(Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2018-12) MADEIRO, Roseane Torres de; NICOLAU, Roseane Freitas
This article aims to discuss the notion of truth to psychoanalysis in its interface with the law, for which the truth is sought in the facts through research; psychoanalysis, in turn, seeks to reveal the truth in the said subject. We will take the film The hunt (Jagten) because its plot is woven from the search for evidence of a fact allegedly occurred and based on the speech of a child, initially taken as truth. Thus, we question the practice of Testimony Without Damage, which consists of a survey with children, to establish the truth of the facts.