Navegando por Assunto "Public health"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise estratégica do processo de formulação da PM&A-SUS: lições aprendidas e desafios
(Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde, 2017-03) CAMPELO, Luiz Marques; SANTOS, Elizabeth Moreira dos; OLIVEIRA, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de
This article presents the Strategic Analysis (AE) of the formulation process of SUS National Policy on Monitoring and Evaluation (PNM&A-SUS). The study employed a qualitative document analysis and literature review, accounting for the three dimensions of AE: relevance of the problem (needed institutional policy); proposed objectives and mobilized partnerships. The analysis showed a discontinuous formulation process with relevant controversies regarding evaluation purposes, assumptions, responsibilities and expected competencies among stakeholders. The interrupted formulation process needs to be recommenced, as for the lessons learned and the realistic context assessment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma análise sócio-demográfica da incidência de hanseníase na Amazônia legal brasileira: abordagem baseada em redes bayesianas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-08) GOMES, José Maria da Silveira; FRANCÊS, Carlos Renato Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7458287841862567
Leprosy is a millenarian contagious disease, with chronic and stigmatizing characteristics, from the remotest times of humanity until today. It is characterized as a disease of the poor and Brazil is the second country in the world with the highest incidence. The lack of public policies aimed at reducing poverty through the improvement of socio-economic factors in the country is directly related to the incidence of the disease in Brazil. Strategies for control and monitoring should follow intelligent actions. One of the solutions for monitoring the disease is the use of Bayesian networks as a probabilistic method for taking decisions on both the control and the procedures to adopt in order to reduce the incidence of the disease. The objective of the present study is to analyse the association of leprosy incidence in relation to indicators of human development, habitation and income level, considering the Brazilian Amazon region in relation to the entire country. An ecological study, based on data obtained on cases of leprosy in Brazil for the year 2010, obtained from the Information System of Hardship Notifications (SINAN) through the Informatics Department of the National Health Service (DATASUS) and the socio-economic indicators found in the Demographic Census Research database of the Brazilian Institute for Geographical and Statistical Survey – IBGE, as well as information from the Municipal Human Development Index, regarding education and income, obtained from the website of the Human Development Atlas of Brazil, also for the year 2010. The methodology combined data mining with the analysis of spatial distribution. The Bayesian network technique was used aimed at measuring the association between variables of the domain of the problem as well as to establish the analogy of the data between the municipalities under study with data for all other Brazilian municipalities. Applying the algorithm K2 relevant associations were found for the following indicators applied in the investigation: Brazilian Legal Amazon, Municipal Human Development Index of Income and Education and Household Housing Condition. Using the Bayesian network model adopted, there is a significant association between the percentage of homes with more than 2 inhabitants and the rate of incidence of leprosy. Although the relationship between the rate of incidence, socio-economic factors (no water supply, no toilet, poverty and overcrowding of the home), low educational indices and income has already been reported in several studies, the insertion of the indicators that considers population density of the home was a novel proposition of the present study and the indicators of greatest most significance of this investigation. The analysis of leprosy incidence with respect to spatial distribution, comparing the Amazon region with the entire country, revealed that public policies for habitation in the studied region were almost non-existent, since the population density of homes is very high, facilitating the appearance of contagious diseases such as leprosy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características do ambiente escolar associadas à prática de educação física e ao deslocamento ativo em adolescentes de Belém-PA: um estudo multinível
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-26) SOUZA, Naicha Stefanie Félix; CRISP, Alex Harley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1187580727139009; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-9576
Understanding how school environment characteristics influence adolescent physical activity behaviors is essential for developing targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between school environment characteristics and the levels of participation in Physical Education (PE) classes and active commuting to school. This is a cross sectional study with multistage sampling, involving 1,719 adolescents from 46 public and private high schools in the municipality of Belém, Pará. The time spent in PE classes and active commuting during the previous week was self-reported based on the National School Health Survey questionnaire. School environment characteristics were obtained through questionnaires completed by school administrators and researcher observation visits. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to address overdispersion and excess zeros in the data. The results indicated that the majority of students (55.0%) did not participate in practical PE classes, with only 37.6% reporting 30 minutes or more of activity per week. Regarding active commuting, approximately one-third of adolescents (34.6%) did not engage in this type of commuting. In the logit component of the adjusted models, factors associated with reduced odds of non-participation in PE classes included a higher number of PE teachers (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71–0.87), the presence of locker rooms (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54–0.83), and school accessibility (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54–0.86). For active commuting, the presence of sidewalks (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03–1.74) and bike racks (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.26–2.05) increased the odds of non-engagement, while speed bumps (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43–0.82) reduced the odds of non-engagement. In conclusion, school environment characteristics have the potential to decrease non-adherence to practical PE classes among adolescents. However, active commuting behaviors may depend on factors beyond infrastructure, requiring further exploration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dislipidemia em escolares na rede privada de Belém
(Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, 2009-06) RIBAS, Simone Augusta; SILVA, Luiz Carlos Santana da
Background: Currently, childhood dyslipidemia, associated to other non-transmissible diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity, represent a significant public health problem in Brazil. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents from private schools in the city of Belem, state of Para, Brazil. Methods: Transversal and prospective study that assessed 437 schoolchildren, paired by sex. The age range was established between 6 and 19 years of age and stratified in four subgroups (6 to 9 years; 10 to 12 years; 13 to 15 years and 16 to 19 years). To obtain the anthropometric variables, weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index and skin folds were measured for the calculation of body fat percentage. The serum lipoprotein profile was obtained through the measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol after a 12-hour fasting period, by enzymatic methods. Results: Of the total number of schoolchildren analyzed, 126 (28.8%) were overweight and 158 (36.2%) presented a high adiposity index. The children (33.6%) presented a higher prevalence of obesity when compared to the adolescents (10.1%; p < 0.001). Regarding the biochemical characteristics, it was observed that 214 (41%) presented some alteration in the lipid profile and that children and adolescents in the age range of 10 to 15 years were the age groups that presented the highest rates of dyslipidemia (34.6% and 25.5%), respectively. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of establishing an early diagnosis of the lipid profile, mainly if it is already associated to another risk factor, such as obesity. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2009; 92(6) : 412-417).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mix público e privado no sistema de saúde brasileiro: coexistência em evidência
(Associação Brasileira da Rede UNIDA, 2017) CARDOSO, Márcia Roberta de Oliveira; FERLA, Alcindo Antônio; OLIVEIRA, Paulo de Tarso Ribeiro de; NUNES, Nathália da Silva
This article aims to describe and analyze the main nuances of the public and private relationship in the Brazilian health system. In this sense, in addition to presenting a discussion on public and private concepts, characteristics, trends and impacts of the public-private mix in the Brazilian health system will also be punctuated. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the form of a narrative review on the classical and current production of scientific articles, dissertations, theses and research reports that presented pertinent reflections on the topic in the last ten years. The results were categorized in the following axes: Considerations about the concepts of public and private; Characteristics of the Brazilian Health System; Trends and Impacts of the Public-Private Mix in the Brazilian Health System. It was clear the existence of a conceptual polysemy on the public and private terms and due to the arrangements between these two dimensions in the structure of the Brazilian health system, it is based on the premise that it is a mixed system, where the public sector And the private sector coexist in the provision, financing, demand and use of health services. Within this context, problems of the systems with duplicate coverage were found, with impacts on equity, financing, production, use and access to health services. Therefore it is urgent to create strategies and mechanisms of resistance that guarantee an integrated regulatory action for a National Health System that, among other things, defines the public / private relation, besides the need to integrate public policies, not only aimed at For development, but also for well-being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produtividade científica do Instituto Evandro Chagas contribuição para a saúde pública amazônica (2000-2020)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-27) SILVA NETA, Clarice Pereira Barros da; PINHEIRO, Lena Vania Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613980184982976; BENCHIMOL, Alegria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9550647395377220; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-992X
Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) located in the city of Belém in the state of Pará is an institution that develops research in the areas of Biological Sciences with a focusing on surveillance and public health in the Amazon. Facing the lack of studies shows the contribution of research to public health of the North region and Brazil, this research has the aim of analyze the scientific production of the Instituto Evandro Chagas, materialized in the scientific articles of the communities Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fever - Saarb, Parasitology - Sapar and Virology - Savir, from 2000 to 2020, available at Patuá Digital Repository. In order to reach its objective, this research used a descriptive and bibliographic approach of a quantitative and qualitative method and adopted as evaluation the metric studies on information under informetrics and data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System – SINAN. A total of 627 articles referring to Saarb, Sapar and Savir were collected in the Patuá Digital Repository and analyzed using production and collaboration indicators. Data showed that the academic profile is composed of 28,1 of researchers with degree in Biological Sciences and that 95.3% and 85.9% have master's and doctorate degrees. About interinstitutional collaboration, the sections maintain several national and international institutions connection that develop research on the themes identified in the surveys, which are connected with the epidemiological surveillance actions of SUS, referring to the notification of diseases and public health problems. The study demonstrated the importance of the research conducted for public health and highlighted the importance of Instituto Evandro Chagas as a relevant research center for the northern region and for Brazil which has contributed to Amazonian public health by allowing knowledge of the nosology of diseases and improvement in health surveillance actions for the population of the Amazon region and Brazil.