Navegando por Assunto "Quelônios"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alometria reprodutiva de Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) na várzea do baixo Rio Amazonas, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
(2012-03) PIGNATI, Marina Teófilo; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito
The body size of the organisms represents an important parameter, which may have consequences on their ecology, reproductive activities, evolution and development. Allometry relationship is the study of the size (or growth) of a body part in relation to the final size (or growth) of the organism. This study analyzed the allometric relationships between females of Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848), their eggs and hatchlings, and between nest features and the clutch in the flooded forest portion (várzea) of lower Amazon River, Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. Podocnemis unifilis clutches' were monitored in the Tabuleiro da Água Preta during the reproductive cycle of 2009. The females found nesting were measured and the physical features of the nests were measured, and the latter were also marked with numbered stakes. The eggs and hatchlings of these nests were removed and counted, and their biometry was performed. The female parameters analyzed (straight-line carapace length and mass) were correlated with almost all the egg and hatchling variables, with the exception of the egg length and the hatchling mass. Future studies directed to the better understanding of how the environmental features influence nest features can be applied, being useful for more effective applications of management actions for the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biometria e barimetria da tartaruga da Amazônia, Podocnemis expansa (SCHWEIGGER, 1812), em sistemas comerciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) PRINTES, Lanna Daniella dos Santos; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5049897507837031
The Chelonians represent one of the main bilological resourses of the Amazon region and stand as a important food source for the people that live by the rivers. For that reason, the possibility of commercial rising came forth. Biometries have been made to develop barometric equations in order to determinate the biometry of the amazon turtle and evaluate functions that can be.used for the barometry of the animals at two commercial rinsing fields. Living weight records was used separate heavy and light samples to each site. Because the great variation of the living weight, it was converted to logarithmic scale. To compare two different levels of years and sites, a multivariated variance analysis was performed. A discriminating analysis was adopted by using a canonic variable. The great living weight variation in each year and site reveals that in samples with same age and origin, the animals show great heterogeneity for living weight. The result of the canonic correlation for two rising fields indicates that the living weight can be explained in 86% and 96% when a linear relation is established. Excepting the head width and tail length variables, all others demonstrated highly correlated to the living weight. Therefore, there are a high variation of the living weight among animals created in captivity. The biometries are highly related to the living weight and should be included in studies that seek barometry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, distribuição, utilização de ambientes e variação sazonal na densidade de quelônios aquáticos do Lago Verde, Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) LEITE, Rachel Ullmann; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e uso da fauna nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã - Amazonas - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) AMARAL, João Valsecchi do; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The northern part of western Amazon in Brazil has had few studies related to the diversity of mammals, especially in the Içá-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves. This fauna, as well as birds and reptiles, has been constantly impacted by human led activities, like hunting. This study had two main objectives, to initiate a systematic survey of the diversity of mastofauna in different habitats of Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, and to investigate its patterns of use by local human population. An updated species list was created to cover the Iça-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves, as well as to each sample area. An analysis of hunting practices was made to determine íts impacts on the local fauna of mammals, bírds and reptiles and to generate subsidies to the elaboration of management plans for these protected arcas. To carry out this analysis, huntíng expeditions were monítored in six villages in Mamirauá Reserve and four in Amanã, during a period of two years. Two major field expeditions were made in both areas and the survey produced represents the first systematic investígation about the diversity of mammals in Amanã, which considered every order present in the region. In addition to that, the list of mastofauna produced for Mamirauá through this study added 25% more species than previous lists. It was identified 57 mammal species in Amanã and 40 in Mamirauá. Furtherrnore, the results already obtained have elucidated prior queries about a few mammal species present in these Reserves. Mammal diversity was central to the hunting patterns found during the study period. In Amanã typical Amazonian hunting patterns were encountered, that is, herbivore mammals and large and medium sized bírds were mostly hunted and represented the highest percentage of prey weight. The main huntíng pattern found in Mamirauá was the use of Chelonia, Prímates and Aves (medium and large sized). Finally, considerations were made about the establíshment of strategies toward the management of the cynergetic fauna in the areas under study, in order to contribute to a future sustainable model of wildlife use, one that takes in consideration biological, economical and cultural aspects in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Estava pescando de malhadeira, vi na praia uns cascos brilhando, era luar, abeirei a terra e fui pegar": práticas de pesca de quelônios na várzea Amazônica (Santarém-PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; BARBOZA, Myrian Sá Leitão; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito
The present article analyzes the turtle poaching techniques used in a Amazon floodplain area of Santarém, north of Brazil. Our interests included the local ecological knowledge involved, selectivity and seasonal and spatial variations on the technique choice. The data were collected between May 2006 and June 2008 through informal conversations, monitoring of fishing activity and participant observation of turtle fishing in the communities of Ilha de São Miguel, Costa do Aritapera and ÁguaPreta. We found a broad combination of different techniques based on deep and detailed knowledge of the river turtle species natural history, including the influence of the hydrological cicle on the feeding, movement and reproductive behavior. The fishermen recognize seasonal variations and, combined with local knowledge, use this information when selecting the technique to be used to catch turtles. We encourage the implementation of participatory management for the sustainable use of river turtles in the study area, and suggest the alternative of establishing rules based on techniques and periods of the year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura populacional, uso de ambientes e crescimento corporal de Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia (DAUDIN, 1801), na Ilha de Algodoal/Maiandeua, Maracanã, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-02-26) FIGUEIREDO, Manoela Wariss; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
For Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia (Daudin, 1801), until this study, there were no further studies that focused on their ecology in natural environment. In general, the existing works are based on few records at different locations in range of the species and data from animals in captivity, such reports have described the species as a generalist in relation to their feeding and the use of environments. This study aimed to evaluate the use of environments, the population structure and estimate the constant growth of the Rhinoclemmys punctularia punctularia in Island of Algodoal/Maiandeua, which is an environmental protection area (APA). As methodology were conducted experimental fishing in different environments of the APA of Algodoal/Maiandeua, between the years 2008 and 2009. Of the sampled specimens were captured only environments without the influence of marine waters and abundant food resources, such as the fruits of Annona sp. and Chysobalanus sp.. Environments used by R. p. punctularia (flooded forest, temporary ponds and lagoons of the plain), the highest yields were found in lagoons of the plain, where there is a greater availability of fruits of Annona sp. and Chysobalanus sp in water bodies that the species occupies. The population of R. p. punctularia in Algodoal/Maiandeua is mainly composed of adults and is slightly skewed towards females (0.43 males). The average length of females is 195.42±18 mm (range 43-226 mm) (n=68) while the males is 167±12.7 mm (range 133-197mm) (n=64), the females being statistically larger than males (U=454.02; GL=132, p=0.0001, n=132). In both sexes there was a significantly negative relationship between growth rate and length of the carapace. The model of von Bertallanfy was an estimated value of k=0.19 year-1 for males and k=0.16 year-1 for females, since the values of L∞ were 207.36 mm and 237.89 mm for males and females, respectively. When you reach the CRC 237 mm for females and 207 mm for males, the species reaches the age of about 33 years in both sexes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Etnoecologia, pesca e manejo comunitário de quelônios aquáticos na várzea do Baixo rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-11-13) BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
The aim of the present study was to describe, record and compare community management strategies for aquatic turtles in three communities of the Santarém floodplains, in the north of Brazil. Turtle consumption was also assessed in terms of preferences, rejections, food taboos and their use in popular medicine as a therapeutic resource. The turtle fishing techniques used were described, including seasonal and spatial variations, as were the species captured and the technique selection process, based on local knowledge. The income from fishing and the association between investment and return were assessed. The data were collected between June 2007 and July 2008. Informal conversations, monitoring of fishing activity and participant observation were carried out in the communities. Semistructured interviews, based on the dietary recall method (recall history), were also performed. These interviews recorded annual turtle consumption as well as memories of turtle fishing in the past. The first reports of turtle management in the Amazon region were made at the time of the first contact between Amerindians and Europeans. During the 1970’s, the Brazilian government implemented reforms based on centralized management controlled by the State. Currently, co-management exists in various locations of the Amazon region, such as the communities of Ilha de São Miguel, Costa do Aritapera and Água Preta. Although guided by community demand, the management of these three communities differs due to different levels of experience with management systems. On Ilha de São Miguel, turtle management has been present for almost 40 years, with a certain degree of success and vigor. Management techniques were established in Água Preta 22 years ago in a less rigorous manner. The recent implementation in Costa do Aritapera was not successful. In general, the inclusion of the main users of a natural resource in its management is difficult to execute. The great challenge for turtle management, as well as other wildlife resources in the Amazon region, is legal recognition of their use. Turtle consumption is a tradition rooted in Amazonian culture. However, it has been criminalized and as such, the majority of the population is constrained from doing so. As it is considered an illegal activity, there are no estimates of the quantity of animals exploited. This causes problems to those who want to implement sustainable methods of community management. Studies have shown that fish constitutes the main source of animal protein for the people of the Amazon region, whereas records of turtle consumption are relatively low. Differences were found in terms of the species of turtle consumed. In general, tracajá (Podocnemis unifilis) (meat and eggs) was the most commonly consumed species in the three communities, followed by pitiu (Podocnemis sextuberculata) (meat and eggs), which was mainly consumed in Costa do Aritapera. Turtles (Podocnemis expansa) are rarely consumed and there were no records of their eggs being collected. This meat is mainly consumed on Ilha de São Miguel. These differences could be associated with a combination of ecological factors and the management history of each community. No cultural differences were found between the communities in terms of the use of turtles. Podocnemis expansa, which is principally used in popular medicine, is the most rejected species whereas tracajá and pitiu are generally preferred. All three are considered to be “reimoso”. The most captured species was tracajá, followed by pitiu and tartaruga in lesser proportions. Tracajá can be found in different environments and collected at any time of the year in the three communities. Pitiu are mainly captured around Costa do Aritapera in periods of low water season. At this time, they are migrating from flooded forests areas in the direction of rivers and nesting beaches. Tartaruga are caught in the protected lakes of Ilha de São Miguel in times of flood. The fishing techniques employed vary depending on the level of the river. The fishermen recognize seasonal variations and, combined with local knowledge, use this information when selecting the technique to be used to catch turtles. Turtle fishing is usually carried out in a timely manner, during fishing expeditions. The yield of turtle fishing is greater when fish are not included and fishing by hand. Fishing by hand was more fruitful. Selective fishing aimed at capturing larger animals produced greater returns in terms of biomass. The yield based on CPUEN differed between the communities and the fishing periods in the present study, although there were no significant differences when biomass was calculated (CPUEB). The fishermen, in general, are not concerned with maximizing their income, because most fisheries are not for marketing. The yield reflects more the wisdom of a good fishing spot than the effort of displacement.When the patch was good fishermen spent little time while in less productive patches they spent more time. The present study suggests a number of ideas that could be adopted in order to facilitate the success of fauna community management. In the specific case of turtles, it is recommended that protected areas extend beyond the nesting areas and a quota system is introduced to take advantage of eggs that will be lost. There is a possibility of breeding commercialization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do ambiente de nidificação sobre a taxa de eclosão, a duração da incubação e a determinação sexual em Podocnemis (Reptilia, Podocnemididae) no Tabuleiro do Embaubal rio Xingu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-14) CARNEIRO, Cristiane Costa; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
In turtles, the characteristics of the nesting environment have a strong influence on the incubation temperature of eggs and, consequently, on the reproductive success. The effects of the enviroment of nesting on the hatching rate, the duration of incubation and the sexual determination of the nestlings of Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis unifilis and Podocnemis sextuberculata in the Embaubal nesting beach, Xingu River, Pará State, Brazil, in 2007, 2008 and 2010 were investigated. Nesting beaches were continuously visited between September and January, in order to monitoring nests marked in the first day after oviposition, in each reproductive season. The following features measured: day of spawning, depth to the first egg, The nest’s height in relation to the river level, granulometry and temperatures of inubation. The hatching rate differed between years for the three species. The duration f incubation varied only between years P. sextuberculata. The sex ratio of P. expansa in 2007 was 0.08 and in 2008 and 2010 all the nestlings were females. In P. sextuberculata sex ratio in 2007 was 0.34, and in 2008 and 2010 was 0.06. The sex ratio of P. unifilis in 2007 was 0.41, 0.65 in 2008 and 0.02 in 2010. All of these differences were significants statistically. The nest’s height in relation to the river level presented positive correlation with the hatching rate of the three species in 2008 and a negative relation with the hatching rate of P. sextuberculata in 2010. The number of days after the beginning of the spawnings influenced the duration of incubation of P. sextuberculata and P. unifilis in 2008. The average temperature, the number of hours/degree above of 32°C and the size of the sediment influenced the sex ratio of P. expansa. The results attest to the variation in hatching success, embryo development and sex ratio produced between years. Still, it was observed that the influence of microclimatic variables of the selected sites for nesting in nesting success and sex ratio varied between years, which is a clear evidence that climatic conditions plays a major role and causes changes in the parameters examined thorough a nesting season and between nesting seasons in subsequent years. It is recommended the continued monitoring of the related parameters in the main areas which is invest the protection the reproductive sites of turtles.