Navegando por Assunto "Quiropterofauna"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da comunidade de quirópteros (Mammalia) em áreas naturais e manejadas da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, PA - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-12-01) SALDANHA, Nélio; MARQUES-AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Bats represent 25% of the mammal World fauna, being the most diversified and abundant mammals in the Neotropical region. About 128 species of bats have been recorded only in the Brazilian Amazonia. They possess a great morphological variability that allows them to occupy different trophic niches in an ecosystem. Bats play an important role on the maintenance and regeneration of the ecosystems they live, being efficient in seed dispersal, pollination, and biological contral of insects. They also constitute good bioindicators for the status and dynamics suffered by those ecosystems. The present study aims to characterize the batfauna of primary forest, secondary forest, and a selective logging experiment areas at the Tapajós National Forest - PA, Brazil. The levels of impact by the logging and by the secondary forest areas on the bat community were then compared to the primary forest controls in each habitat and in its microhabitats; or physiognomies: understory matrix, natural gaps, logging gaps, and wood storage decks. Comparisions were conducted trough analysis of distribution, diversity, relative abundance, number of species, and guild densities. The samples constitute 55 species, most of them frugivorous, and pertaining to six families. Concerning to the number of bat species and their diversity, the logging area exhibits some impact, but not so accentuated as the secondary forest area. Comparison among habitats suggests that the secondary vegetation provides a higher bat density. However, this vegetation structure benefits only a few species. Frugivores/omnivores and aerial insectivores bats are the most succeed guilds in secondary vegetation. Comparison among physiognomies have suggested that the understory bats avoid opened spaces in the vegetation. Succession stages observed hem show dynamics that need a periodic monitoring, so that a more realistic model could be designed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade da quiropterofauna (Mammalia) no Parque Ecológico de Gunma, Santa Bárbara do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FONSECA, Rodrigo Teixeira D'Alincourt; AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Implementing Conservation Units provides tools to prevent loss of biodiversity in areas under the influence of large urban towns. To monitor certain zoological groups in such Units may contribute to promote successful local conservation programs. The “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” (PEG, Gunma Ecological Park), a property with 540 ha administered by the “Associação Gunma Kenjin-Kai do Norte do Brasil”, preserves a forest remnant inside the city of Santa Bárbara do Pará, region of “Great Belém”, Pará State, Brazil. The Park is predominantly composed by “Terra Firme” (upland forest) and “Igapó” (seasonally flooded forests near streams and the main river) plant physiognomies. The present study aims to provide a taxonomic and ecological profile about the bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) occurring in the Park and its adjacencies. The quantitative analysis included measures of capture efforts, species richness and diversity, as well as an evaluation of community structures by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) in order to compare the two main physiognomies, and also two selected areas of “Terra Firme”. Thirty-seven species of bats, belonging to five families, were collected in the studied area during six campaigns from July to December 2005, although the cumulative species curves have not been asymptotic in any case. The Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Simpson (1-D) diversity indexes were of 1.86 and 0.69, respectively. The phyllostomid Carollia perspicillata exhibited the highest relative abundance of all species, comprising about 50% of the captures, but in a distinct way between plant physiognomies, since that rate was of 59% for “Terra Firme” and of 32% for “Igapó”. The finding of Neonycteris pusilla represents the second occurrence of this taxon recorded in the Pará State. Diversity estimates were higher for the Igapó (H’ = 1.91; [1- D] = 0.80) than for the “Terra Firme” (H’ = 1.71; [1-D] = 0.63), despite the small extension of the former environment (3.3% of the PEG area) and the higher species richness of the later environment. This profile may reflect the fact that almost the totality of bat captures in the studied region occurred during the driest months of the year, so that there would be preference of the species for places with greater water availability. Thus, it seems imperative to complement the inventory through samplings during the wet season, in order to formulate an accurate description of the PEG bat fauna. As already expected, a comparison between two “Terra Firme” areas subjected to distinct degradation pressures indicated greater bat fauna diversity in the less disturbed area. The importance of the PEG as a Conservation Unity may be attested by the local presence of vulnerable and near threatened species like N. pusilla and Tonatia carrikeri. Threats of anthropic interference on local ecosystems were detected mainly due to the proximity of the Park to rural-urban areas. Monitoring the species richness and ecological dynamics of bat fauna in the “Parque Ecológico de Gunma” can prevent local extinction of rare taxa, as well as avoid proliferation of those that are potentially harmful to human health in certain situations - as is the case of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a potential reservoir of rabies vírus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Levantamento da quiropterofauna (Mammalia : Chiroptera) da Ilha de Cotijuba - PA, com observações sobre sua ecologia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999) ROCHA, Mônica Monteiro Barros da; MARQUES-AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Surveys of Amazonian bats have recorded the occurrence of at least 135 regional species of different feeding habits- insectivorous, frugivorous, polinivorous, carnivorous and hematophagous. Bats contribute to the balance of the Amazonian biota in different ways; e.g. population control of insects, dispersion of seeds and polinization. Flematophaguous bats are potentially dangerous to humans because were they can carry the rabies vírus. The objectives of the present study were: (a) inventory of the bat species of Cotijuba island - PA; (b) descriptions of the activity period, feeding habits, reproduction and roosting sites of the different species; (c) rabies diagnosis of the hematophagous bats coliected. Thirty-one species were recorded, two of which lack more detailed taxonomic studies for diagnosis. Most of the species are frugivorous (for example, Carollia spp., Artibeus spp., Uroderrna spp.), i.e. potential seed dispersers of the local flora. Two hematophagous species were observed: Desmodus rotundus (about 8% of the sample) and Diaemus youngi (less than 1% of the sample). The rabies vírus was not recorded, but there are records of attacks by bats on humans and domestic animals, demanding continuous analyses of new samples, for effective health care monitoring.