Navegando por Assunto "Racism"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Association between perceived racial discrimination and hypertension: findings from the ELSA-Brasil study
(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2018-03) NOBRE, Aline Araújo; GRIEP, Rosane Härter; GUIMARÃES, Joanna Miguez Nery; PEREIRA, Alexandre; CHOR, Dóra; MENDES, Patrícia Miranda; BARRETO, Sandhi Maria; JUVANHOL, Leidjaira Lopes
“Pardos” and blacks in Brazil and blacks in the USA are at greater risk of developing arterial hypertension than whites, and the causes of this inequality are still little understood. Psychosocial and contextual factors, including racial discrimination, are indicated as conditions associated with this inequality. The aim of this study was to identify the association between perceived racial discrimination and hypertension. The study evaluated 14,012 workers from the ELSA-Brazil baseline population. Perceived discrimination was measured by the Lifetime Major Events Scale, adapted to Portuguese. Classification by race/color followed the categories proposed by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Hypertension was defined by standard criteria. The association between the compound variable - race/racial discrimination - and hypertension was estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance and stratified by the categories of body mass index (BMI) and sex. Choosing white women as the reference group, in the BMI < 25kg/m2 stratum, “pardo” women showed adjusted OR for arterial hypertension of 1.98 (95%CI: 1.17-3.36) and 1.3 (95%CI: 1.13-1.65), respectively, whether or not they experienced racial discrimination. For black women, ORs were 1.9 (95%CI: 1.42-2.62) and 1.72 (95%CI: 1.36-2.18), respectively, for the same categories. Among women with BMI > 25kg/m2 and men in any BMI category, no effect of racial discrimination was identified. Despite the differences in point estimates of prevalence of hypertension between “pardo” women who reported and those who did not report discrimination, our results are insufficient to assert that an association exists between racial discrimination and hypertension.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidadania negra, triolets e imprensa: a destemida trajetória de João da Cruz contra o racismo e sua luta por reconhecimento e igualdade (Maranhão-Pará, 1864-1887)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-13) LIMA, Helder Lameira de; BEZERRA NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821; RICCI, Magda Maria de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4368326880097299
This dissertation investigates the life of João Francisco da Cruz, a Black intellectual from the late 19th century, whose trajectory in Pará reveals the complexities of the struggles for citizenship in a society marked by slavery. Focusing on the intersection between his personal narrative and the racial tensions of the time, the study analyzes the role of the press, especially the newspaper Diário de Notícias, in constructing racial representations and ideological battles surrounding the abolition of slavery. In Pará, in the “Solicitados” section of Diário de Notícias, we found triolets that referred to “monkey”, “nigger”, “carafuz” (mulatto person), and “the most petulant Black man”, João da Cruz, used to satirize, mock, and discriminate against men of color. The research identified 102 triolets, 2 steam romances, 1 epigram, 1 sonnet, 2 short poems, 5 riddles, and 1 fable, all involving João da Cruz, between December 1882 and March 1883, reappearing between May and September 1885. From these triolets and other notes about João da Cruz, various related news articles were found, deepening the understanding of his figure. This research aims not only to map João da Cruz's achievements but also to uncover the obstacles faced by Afro-descendants in their quest for recognition and equality. By exploring notarial and periodical sources, the study highlights the strategies of overcoming adopted by João da Cruz and other Afro-descendants in a context of inequality and racial prejudice, contributing to a broader understanding of the history of Afro-descendants in Brazil and their legacies in contemporary society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Em busca da mancha”: a atuação policial nos bairros do Jurunas e da Batista Campos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-26) FERNANDES, Antonio José Martins; SOUZA, Luanna Tomaz de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5883415348673630; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-8859
The present work seeks to reflect on how the performance of the Military Police differs within the neighborhoods of Jurunas and Batista Campos, in the city of Belém-Pará. In order to carry out the research, inductive and comparative methods were adopted, based on bibliographic and documentary survey techniques, as well as semi-structured interviews with military police officers who work directly in the studied neighborhoods. The research aimed, in the first part of its development, to analyze the historical formation of the territories of the neighborhoods and the relationship with the social markers of race and class. Based on this, in the second section, it was also intended to understand the police action in these areas and how it differs according to the territory, as well as what are the most evident aspects of this differentiation. In the last part of the development, the analysis turned to the relationship of these main aspects of differentiation with the structures of class, race and, mainly, territory and how this changes the performance of the PM. This led to the conclusion that the PM, structured on the basis of inequalities of race, class and territory, works as an armed wing in the streets to guarantee the interests of the elite while promoting the control of the vulnerable population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação de enfermeiras e enfermeiros de instituições públicas da Amazônia brasileira sobre saúde da população negra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-10) FARIAS, Iago Sergio de Castro; CASTRO, Nádile Juliane Costa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532971599666350; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-5106
The processes of exclusion of the black population in society stem from Brazil's slaveholding roots, based on theories of population whitening and racial superiority. Through a false racial democracy, these theories obstruct the access of the black population to education and health. This study aims to understand how this exclusion institutionally affects health training about the black population and access to this training. Objective: This research aims to understand the construction of knowledge and nursing training regarding the health of the black population in the Amazon. Method: It is a documentary study based on the analysis of Pedagogical Political Projects of Nursing courses in public universities in the North region. The study was theoretically based on Vygotsky's historical-social theory and Bell Hooks' concepts of transformative education, under thematic analysis according to Bardin. Results: In total, 12 PPPs were analyzed, identifying 10 curricular activities, of which 04 were about black populations and 06 were extension and research projects on the subject. From the findings, four thematic axes emerged: "Training and Health in the Amazon," "Educational Triad and Influence on Complementary Training," "Affirmative Actions and the Paradigm of Higher Education," and "Scientific and Structural Racism in the Educational Process." Final Considerations: There are deficits in health training across the entire university triad, demonstrated by low production, projects, and absence in PPPs. It is necessary to reformulate the PPPs to provide genuinely equitable and comprehensive health training and care.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ilusão da igualdade: natureza, justiça ambiental e racismo em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-31) MIRANDA, Thales Barroso; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453X
This master thesis comes from a concern about the lack of recognition of social and racial inequalities as structuring elements in the production of urban space in Brazil, mainly by environmental studies. Address the exploitation of the environment to achieve profit and favor certain social classes that have control of land ownership, and social and political power, it has been the most common approach in the Brazilian context. In the context of an Amazonian city like Belém, flat relief and water stand out as historically dynamic elements of urban occupation and disproportionately more severe environmental consequences for certain social groups. Thus, this master thesis aims to reveal environmental injustices and social and racial inequalities in the production of the urban space of Belém, historically marked by rentier urban growth, by territorial dispute and countless environmental consequences. The methodological procedure was diverse, first of all it started with a bibliographic review about nature, Brazilian racial issue, and the sociospatial formation of Belem. Then, it was made analysis of urban growth patterns of the metropolitan region of Belem, through digital rating techniques of orbital images, with two periods of time (1984 to 1999 and 1999 to 2018). The same period of time selected were used to analyze the urban occupation and the hydrological impacts in the river basin of the Metropolitan Region of Belem. To conclude, it was made analysis of socioeconomic, racial, environmental and urban infrastructure data of Belem. The obtained results show that there is a correlation between the urban spot, the vegetal cover and the reduction of adequate rates for the operation of river basins in the Metropolitan Region of Belem. Furthermore, it was verified that two out of three people live in the flooding area of Belem, which is mostly composed of black and low-income people. It was also verified that the overflow in the city match with the flooding susceptible areas, due to the lack of urban drainage and the incapacity of public management of the territory, masked with a speech which blames the nature. It is conclude that the environmental issues in the urban space of Belem affect unequally the population of the city and they are based on structures of political, economic and social power grounded in racism and inequality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A imagem da negra e do negro em produtos de beleza e a estética do racismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANT'ANA, Jonathas Vilas Boas de
This article has for purpose discuss the representation of the black population, especially black woman, in images of beauty products present at trades of Goias northeast. Becomes evident that the presence of negative stereotypes in these images disseminates racist imagery presented in the form of a racist aesthetic that conceals the exclusion and normalizes the degradation suffered by black people in Brazilian society. The analysis of the imagetical material pointed to the aesthetic devaluation of black people, especially black woman, and an idealization of beauty and whitening to be pursued through use of the products presented. The media-advertising discourse of beauty products remembers and legitimizes the practice of a racist ethics based and active in everyday life. Facing this discussion is suggested that the antiracism work, done in different social spaces, consider using strategies for an "aesthetic decolonization" that empowers the black population by means of its aesthetic value and protagonism in the construction of an ethics of diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mediações visíveis na cidade: olhares sobre o racismo em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09) PINHEIRO, Tainara Lúcia; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel
In Belém do Pará the assumption that we are a morena city for a moreno people prevails, with increasing illocutionary strength. This assumption, the result of a common sense that seeks to classify/categorize the ethno-racial mixtures produced, since the colonial context, has increasingly become a local discursive construction to accommodate the diverse and often opposite interpretations about our identity. The analysis proposed here, allows us to reflect on the construct of morenidade, this violent miscegenated identification that for a long time has been presented as a central cultural feature of the city's identity, as a local discursive construction, a representation of strong sensoryvisual appeal, whose historical-cultural interpretation is, at the same time, the result of struggle and negotiation between groups and social classes, of resistance and the imposition of forces in struggle for the classification of alterities produced alongside Amazonian ethnic racial miscegenations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mulheres negras no palco do debate sobre crimes raciais: uma análise das ofensas racistas no Tribunal de Justiça do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-28) SIQUEIRA, Samara Tirza Dias; SOUZA, Luanna Tomaz de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5883415348673630; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8385-8859
In this research, I will investigate the violence imposed on women in the racist insults present in the judgments of the Court of Justice of Pará, published between the years 2009 and 2020. For that, I will analyze the racial composition of the Court, the racist offenses judged in the judgments studied and norms for combating gender-based and racial violence. As a methodology, I will use the inductive and colored method. In addition, I will use jurisprudential, documentary, bibliographic research and content analysis of the selected decisions. First, I will address the Court’s racial profile, based on information from the census carried out by the National Council of Justice (CNJ, 2018), in the light of studies on whiteness, reflecting on the absence of black women in the judiciary. In a second moment, I will classify the offenses examined into categories, with the aim of verifying the violence that influences racist insults against black women. Finally, I will explain about the invisibility of black women in studies about the criminalization of racism, as well as in the elaboration of policies to combat gender violence and racial violence. In the end, I realized that black women suffer a specific victimization process in the context of racial crimes. Furthermore, there is a need to recognize their suffering and consider them as autonomous subjects in the discussions and in the creation of policies to combat racial violence and gender violence, at the risk of perpetuating violations, excluding them from the scope of protection. of the created measures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quadrinhos no ensino de História: uma experiência para a discussão de racismo na educação básica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-28) LEAL, Elenn Cleidiane do Socorro Chaves; FONTES, Edilza Joana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9447513031256372
This research aim to demonstrate how the art of comics can be used as a starting point for the discussion of racism in basic education. Presenting a proposal for a workshop class with a class from the 7th grade of elementary school, from a school in the municipality of Mãe do Rio - PA, the research aim to contribute to the promotion of a teaching of history oriented to respecting the ethnic diversity of our country, promoting within the school the fight against racism. As a final product of this master thesis, a booklet entitled “Racism, no way! the material in question is the result of the workshops and is divided into two parts. The first part presents information about racism and the comic strips produced by the students, while the second part consists of the workshop script, which aims to guide those who wish to discuss racism using comics. It is hoped that the booklet will help to raise people's awareness, so that they realize how harmful racism is and must therefore be combated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A questão racial na constituição do self: análise crítica a partir de Seyla Benhabib e Sueli Carneiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-11) MACHADO, Juliana Pantoja; FRATESCHI, Yara Adario; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1917359676356798; VERBICARO, Loiane Prado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4100200759767576; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-9906
The present work seeks to analyze the conception of self that is based on Seyla Benhabib's theory of interactive universalism, demonstrating that although it constructs new categories to interpret the theory of universalism in a more complete and complex way, it does so with an emphasis on the issue of gender, without , however, point out another device that is equally important and constitutive of the self, the device of raciality, discussed by Sueli Carneiro (2023). The reflective power of these two philosophers is crossed in order to think about a practical political philosophy that can encompass the structural issues of Brazilian society. It is for this reason that the question posed by Benhabib is reformulated in this study when he seeks to reconstitute the legacy of modern universalism, questioning “what is alive and what is dead in the moral and political universalist theories of the present after the criticisms leveled at them by communitarians, feminists and postmoderns?” (Benhabib, 2021, p. 30) for “what is alive and what is dead in the theory of interactive universalism after a critical analysis of racism?”. By demonstrating this limitation, we present how the philosophy thought by Sueli Carneiro demarcates that the formation of the identity of black people in violently racist societies, such as Brazil, goes through an overly complex combination of gender, race and class markers, which has highlighted a deficit both theoretical, as well as political practice, making it impossible to integrate the different expressions that constitute the self of black women in multiracial and pluricultural societies. Taking advantage of the model of reflection on the modern philosophical tradition, implemented by Seyla Benhabib, in which she approaches the positive points of this thought and moves away from those that she considers insufficient for the improvement of the critique of universalism, placing herself in favor and, at the same time, time, against the philosophical canon, is that we point out the problem of racial deficit in its analysis, because Benhabibi's ethics, which is based on contextsensitive universalism, which is a precursor to the continuum between the generalized other and the concrete other, needs to be interconnected with racial criticism to remedy the gap described. Thus, the question that the work raises is that the self needs to be constituted through the racial grid as much as it needs to be based on the gender grid, as this is a way of correctly embodying subjects, taking into account their contexts, your identity and more than that, opening the doors to your ability for ontic and ontological self-determination. The process of destitution of the being of black people, through epistemicide and the consequent exclusion from the educational field cannot be left out of this reflection, since they are formative for the conditions of possibility that build white supremacy, constituent of the white hegemonic Self, historically central in classical philosophical conceptual architecture, which is why the defense of quotas for admission to universities is also brought to the debate.