Navegando por Assunto "Reciprocidade"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Feira, forma, dom. Assimetrias da sociação numa feira de Belém
(Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2016-08) CASTRO, Marina Ramos Neves de; CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de
The article describes sociability processes in a market in Belem, Para state’s capital, in the Brazilian Amazon, seeking to reflect on reciprocity and asymmetry processes present there. The article is the result of an eight-month ethnographic investigation. It’s ethnographic perspective leads to an interpretation and description of social interac tion as intersubjective dynamics. By observing the trading strategies and associations between merchants, customers and other individuals present at the market, we seek to understand reciprocity in its asymmetric aspects and the market itself as a social form. We aim to establish a dialogue with the reflections of Georg Simmel and Marcel Mauss, who in their analysis prioritize the relational dynamics of social reality. Looking into the relations of social subjects within the fair –traders, customers, public officials, among other stakeholders– we seek to glimpse the complexity of the inter-subjective process, reflecting on forms of reciprocity and gift in everyday life of the market.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Labor e prazer: a prática e o sentido dos mutirões na comunidade Monte Sião, São Domingos do Capim - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) ANDRADE, Josiele Pantoja de; ALMEIDA, Ruth Helena Cristo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1202019164727992; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-6807; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227
The objective of this work is to understand the practices and the meaning of the joint effort and how they contribute to the establishment of peasant reciprocity relations, based on an analysis of work, especially on joint effort, as an integral part of peasant life, understood as a space of everyday life reproduction. This study was conducted on Monte Sião Community, Northeastern Pará. For research, we opted for the qualitative methodological approach, however, quantitative methods have also been used as a way to assist the interpretation of social reality. As methodological strategy, we use the case study, conducted with 45 families, worth of participant observation, interviews and questionnaires, which made it possible to understand the story of community training, the installation of the Assembly of God Church, the organization of the APEPA, celebration, the social division of work in household production unit, the spaces of sociability and, above all, understand the organization of different joint efforts and reciprocal relations that are established between farmers and peasants and deities, as well as apprehend the notion of collective effort that the peasants have. The study points to reciprocity in essence peasant. The joint effort until the 20th century was conducted to aid in farm work, in cases of illness, especially in the work of cassava plantations. There were two ways to perform the work of clearings: joint effort and the work of the company. The first, a form of mutual assistance not formalised, but understood as a moral contract;the second understood as an institutionalized form, composed of a fixed group of peasants, with tiered registration occupied positions and the activities to be performed.With the socioeconomic transformations, the input of the marketing the açai berry and the depletion of natural resources,the plantations are no longer the main economic activity of the farmers and, as a consequence, the work of company wouldn't exist in the work of clearings, being ressignificado and gaining strength in other activities, such as in the religious institution, where the villagers gather in joint efforts driven by a sense of faith and friendship to perform certain jobs, such as buildings, celebrations, crafts and campaigns to capture financial resources to donate to God, a relationship of reciprocity between men and God. The Association, during a period, also triggered the collective efforts for the management of the palm heart tree and making handicrafts. And, lastly, the joint effort organized by the peasants to have access to electricity. These joint efforts go beyond the utilitarian idea, are understood as a pedagogical space of collective learning. And, even more so, as a form of political action, in addition to representing the union of peasants and the struggle for access to public services historically denied. They don't exist apart from the rest of life. While working people talk of life, gossip, give laughter, make jokes and even disagreements may occur. Thus, we conclude that the joint efforts, in Monte Sião, still alive in essence, peasant being redefined and fired according to the economic, social, political, cultural and religious needs of community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Turismo comunitário como sistema de dádivas na Amazônia: uma aliança entre reciprocidade e autonomia na gestão local do turismo em Anã e Coroca, Santarém, PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-23) ASSIS, Giselle Castro de; PEIXOTO, Rodrigo Corrêa Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9872938064820413
This investigation analyzed how the social relations woven between the endogenous social agents of the Anã and Coroca communities (Santarém / PA) are structured, and the relationships they establish with exogenous agents for the tourism offer, in order to identify the function of autonomy community in tourist initiatives led by local populations. The field research was guided by the assumptions of anthropological ethnography, in three different periods of immersion in the communities microcosms and macrocosm formed by Santarém and Alter do Chão. The methodological way of data anal􀁜sis 􀁚as b􀁘ilt from the conception of Lanna (2000) on the 􀂳ethnograph􀁜 of e􀁛change􀂴. The field sho􀁚ed that to􀁘rism establishes relations of e􀁛change of ambivalent gifts (economic / symbolic) between internal social agents and those with agents external to the communities. This relational exchange of gifts creates an interdependent social network structure, without which the experience of tourism does not happen in the community. By promoting the connection of the microcosm with the macrocosm, tourism generates alliances and sociability in a systemic and complex way, as there is a reciprocal dependence between these environments. Therefore, in social environments that promote the exchange of goods and their spirituality in an ambivalent way, tourism can be understood as a gift and, the relational dynamics that it produces, as a gift system. The understanding of the dynamics of these social relations allowed me to infer that community tourism prod􀁘ces a 􀂳total social fact􀂴 in the conception of Ma􀁘ss (2017). Detailed obser􀁙ation of the tourist initiatives in Anã and Coroca revealed that, although both are called community-based tourism (TBC), the community or endogenous base is currently active only in Coroca. This is because this community operates its collective actions through reciprocity. As the social structure that sustains the autonomy of a community of dependence, tutelage and domination processes by external agents, reciprocity is responsible for promoting the self-management of collective interests, such as tourism. When identifying the alliance between reciprocity and autonomy in the microcosm of Coroca and its absence in the microcosm of Anã, I understood the function of autonomy and its relevance as a guiding characteristic for recognizing community tourism initiatives, as there is no way to mention the role of a local population in tourism management, if it is not free to choose; if it is not fully capable of making decisions in all the processes that involve the tourism operation, which ABSTRACT occur both in its endogenous environment (the community), as well as in the exogenous environment (travel market). I believe that self-management of community tourism is a possible way, as long as local populations have access to knowledge and technical training to self-manage in an integrated manner between their community demands and the expectations of the travel market.