Navegando por Assunto "Recursos energéticos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco de geração de eletricidade com sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede usando o método de Monte Carlo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-15) PEREIRA, Edinaldo José da Silva; PINHO, João Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847897516772421
This work presents a risk analysis of the economic feasibility for energy generation systems, based on the Monte Carlo Method. Initially is presented a vision of the state of the art concerned to the participation of the main sources of renewable energy in the world, in particular in Brazil, in order to highlight the importance of them in the world. The efficient and rational use of energy is evidenced when the design of any energy efficient building, being the GEDAE/UFPA’s building presented as an example of construction that seeks to apply the characteristics of energy efficiency, bioclimatic architecture and environmental comfort. Based in the GEDAE/UFPA’s building, one of its SFCRs is presented and its economic analysis is performed using initially a deterministic approach and later a probabilistic analysis, via Monte Carlo Method. The cost of electric energy produced and the net present value, in a first moment, are used as dependent variables in the last analysis, due their easy interpretation. Modified internal rate of return and the discounted payback are dependent variables used later to better qualify the investor's decision against the risks assumed, since the use of only the first two may lead, as occurred in the case study analyzed, to results with comparable risks between the various alternatives proposed. In Brazil, in front of lack of an effective national policy for development of SFCRs, a national proposal to leverage the use of these systems is presented, quantifying the risk assumed by the investor and by the Federal Government adopting such proposal. The results show that SFCRs in Brazil nearly achieved the parity tariff for three-phase residential consumers. In addition, each year maintenance of the proposed adoption of incentive presented, here called green bonus, over 800 MWp could be added to the brazilian energy matrix. And if in this proposal, were applied a reduction of import taxes or an incentive for the establishment of a national industry that could reach a decrease in acquisition costs of the PV generator/inverter set up to 20%, an annual insertion of almost 1 GWp in the national energy matrix could be achieved, with a payback time for producer lower than six years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Controle ambiental de empreendimentos hidrelétricos de pequeno porte na Amazônia: análise do licenciamento e monitoramento no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-23) CRISTINO, Alex Ruffeil; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793
The present work aims to analyze if the biotic components and standards adopted in the TR's, in order to evaluate the impacts caused by the implementation of SHPs in the state of Para, are demonstrating the compatibility of the altered environment and its capacity of recomposition to the balance of the environment. Initially, a process analysis of the small hydroelectric plants in operation in the state of Para was carried out to identify which components and standards were defined in these processes. Subsequently, research was carried out to identify the available literature (technical and legal), which indicate selected biological components and standards in the elaboration of TR's for licensing and monitoring of SHPs. In addition, standards and legal doctrines were consulted to understand the protection of biological resources in the scope of environmental licensing and monitoring in Brazil and what legal good to be protected by the environmental standard. The licensing and monitoring processes of the SHPs in operation in the state of Para did not present formal guidelines on the process of resilience of the transformed environment, which makes the environmental analysis of these SHPs impracticable, hindering the police power of the environmental agency.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um modelo de avaliação de fluxos de biomassa e carbono em madeireiras de comunidades isoladas da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-29) MARIALVA, Elden de Albuquerque; BRASIL, Augusto César de Mendonça; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0571960641751286; GUERRA, Danielle Regina da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6750321690921056
The Amazon Region has a huge amount of biomass resources. The Brazilian Amazon comprises an area larger than 5 million km2, which represents 61% of the Brazilian territory. The Brazilian northern region produces 72.45% of the produced round wood in Brazil; the State of Pará shares 55.47% of that production. Generally, in Amazon region the lumbers get into the forest to select the logs to being cut. Some years later they return again to the same area to harvest again, and the interval time reduces each year. The Amazon region contained 833 sawmills in 1998. These sawmills were located mainly in the Amazon estuary (71%). These wood producers share 1.3 million cubic meters of wood logs (5% of production Amazon). The present work estimated the carbon balance of sawmills in the Amazon River estuary. A life cycle analysis was developed to estimate the carbon balance of the studied sawmills. The study was focused on the wood products considering the process used in small Amazonian communities. There is a well-defined path of the natural resource (biomass/wood) such as: forestry, transportation of biomass, transformation (business/timber) / processes, generation and use of wastes, transport of processed timber, marketing. The energy balance was also analyzed through the flow (inputs and outputs) of wood and carbon during the cycle. A numerical model was developed to simulate the flow of carbon, energy, wood and area affected by exploitation. This work developed a specific model for the evaluation of the carbon flow, the environmental impact assessment was reached, where it shown a positive value, a carbon capture about 55 tCO2/month, even with a low production efficiency system, around 36%. The results show that the current operating system does not pollute but could be improved to achieve higher efficiency in the production process. The waste generated was approximately 64% of the volume of wood entering the mill, its application could be managed to generate approximately 1240 kilowatts of electricity monthly.