Navegando por Assunto "Recursos naturais"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 64

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica dos sistemas de produção praticados em uma unidade de conservação de uso direto na Amazônia - a Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari no estado do Amapá.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08-07) SOUSA, Walter Paixão de; FERREIRA, Laura Angélica; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096
This project approaches an specific type of extractivism: the extractivism of Brazil Nut made in the Extractive Reserve of Cajari river in the Amapá State (RESEX/CA). This project is a continuation of researches made in 2000, having as a main focus the understanding of the dynamic production systems used in RESEX/CA. In This project can be noticed that the changes occurred in the systems in a period from 2000 to 2005,more than economic, the remain of agricultural practicing related to the Brazil Nut extraction are ruled for other / different factors. The historical relation between the forest use with the extractivism and agricultural is very complex, thats the reason it can not be valued only by an economical prism. The information demonstrates that the extraction production units are those which have the smaller economical performance, although, there is not a movement of the families in erase this system. In the opposite/ In despite of, the extraction type had not just being keeper, but had improved/razed representatively from 2000 to 2005, showing attraction of this type to the families in RESEX/CA. However, the agro extractive systems had grown also, showing that some families want to achieve a higher quality level of life trough agriculture. About a direct use of conservation unit, to this extractive reserve must be directed support action for small farmers nut to the RESEX/CA, with the purpose that them may have a decent life, without expending in different activitys but extraction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ações e percepções de desenvolvimento sustentável na emergência de territórios
(2014-12) MENDONÇA, Marluce Ribeiro de; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; SOUSA, Isabel Soares de
In this article we analyze aspects related to perspectives and participation of actors in processes posed by challenges of social use and conservation of natural resources in protected arcas in the Brazilian Amazon. Under a process of territoriali7ation, there is particularly the implementation of an economic alternative project in Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, Conservation Unit located at Amazonas state. How they are perceived and how and under what conditions social groups participate — traditional people, researchers and interventionists — informed on the idea of sustainable development, in a context of environmental awareness, make the issue here, the challenge, referring both to the belief as to question the promise of development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Agenda ambiental nos planos de governo dos candidatos a prefeito das capitais da amazônia legal nas eleições de 2012
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-30) GALVÃO, Jefferson Wagner e Silva; NASCIMENTO, Durbens Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4086120226722277
This work aims to establish the relationship between environmental agenda and the government plans to mayors of candidates in the context of the 2012 municipal elections in the capital of the Amazon. This study sought to make the discussion from the main facts that contributed to shaping the environmental agenda, from Stockholm to Rio +20, this last Conference as the main reference for the study. Thus, the methodological approaches focused on documentary research and quantitative and qualitative data suggested a number of themes in the Outcome Document of Rio +20, constituting the International Environmental Agenda for municipalities. The formation of this Agenda influence and its dimensions, absolute way, the government plans universe of candidates for mayors of the capitals of the Amazon. It was also possible to see strong connections with the fundamental public policies, such as health and population, sustainable cities and human settlements, water and sanitation, and food and nutrition security. The parties that are located to the left of the political ideological spectrum are the ones that present proposals linked to the Environmental Agenda. On the other hand, PV, party imposing environmental flags, contradictorily shows low density issues on the environmental agenda in their government plans. The study also revealed the presence of the Environmental Agenda in Christian parties linked to Protestant churches, which makes us infer that there is an internal discussion in these religious institutions. Even parties with strong participation in the caucus, supporters of opposing the environmental agenda flags, have permeated the government programs of the international environmental agenda, presenting their proposed actions in the environmental agenda, proving that this agenda is imposed indiscriminately. Finally, the environmental agenda is crucial in government plans, and a device to capture the voters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise bibliométrica da produção científica das pós-graduações do NAEA e NUMA relacionado à temática recursos naturais na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-25) NEVES, João Paulo Pastana; SANTOS JUNIOR, Roberto Lopes dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3355963647616547
Bibliometric analysis of the dissertations defended in the postgraduate program in sustainable development of the moist tropic (PPGDSTU) and the postgraduate program in natural resource management and local development in the Amazon (PPGEDAM) at the Federal University of Pará. It aims to identify the main research currents linked to the access of natural resources. The research is characterized as quantitative, descriptive and bibliometric, from the survey of the dissertations in the online portals of the programs (PPGDSTU and PPGEDAM), Institutional Repository of UFPA (Riufpa), and on the Curriculum Lattes Platform. The year of defense analysis, research themes and more productive researchers were selected, presenting the main research strands and offering a "state of the art" in the scientific production of PPGDSTU and PPGEDAM. It was used as research tools: a) The software VOSviewer to identify the main thematic trends of postgraduate programs analyzed; b) The Wordclouds.com software in order to elaborate clouds of keywords, aiming at mapping the most used terms and discussed in the analyzed dissertations, and c) The Software Gephi to view the scientific collaboration network between teachers and tasks of the programs. The first year of defense of each program was adopted until 2018. It was found that so PPGEDAM as PPGDSTU have 172 dissertations produced between 2009 to 2018 while PPGDSTU / NAEA has 254 dissertations between 1987 to 2018 and, as for teachers which more guided in the PPGDSTU, 39 guiders were counted, while in PPGEDAM, has 27. It is concluded that research carried out in these programs through the natural resources theme in the Amazon, have been contributing to a more sustainable and predatory planet of predatory actions. It is also suggested the stimulus of collaborative partnerships between programs, creating academic master's incentives at PPGEDAM and Professional Master in PPGDSTU, in which it will contribute to the increase in the productivity of the institution. It is also suggested the implementation of research fueling scholarships to improve the performance of the programs, thus avoiding the oscillation of scientific productivity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise sobre crescimento populacional e transição demográfica: limites e divergências
(União Atlântica de Pesquisadores, 2022-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; CASTRO, Auristela Correa
The main objective of this article is to understand why population growth is seen as a "threat" to environmental balance and to the well-being of the population. From a methodological point of view, the article used exploratory-qualitative research. That said, it was possible to conclude that the results achieved through the process of demographic transition in the world, as well as the population level achieved in the current scenario, indicate favoring the theory proposed by Ester Boserup in opposition to the theoretical assumptions of Thomas Robert Malthus. This is so, among other reasons, due to the drop in human mortality, which made possible a considerable populationincrease. In fact, Boserup's theory, in addition to constituting one of the great divergences from the Malthusian population growth theory, became important in attesting that population growth implies growth for the agricultural sector, culminating in an increase in food production, the which drives technological advancement through technical-productive improvement and “intensive cultivation”and, by itself,minimizes the impacts on natural resources and biodiversity by promoting sustainable land use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A atuação da associação dos usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (PA) diante de conflitos sociais relacionados ao uso dos recursos naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) RODRIGUES, Monique Rocha; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
Extractive Reserves (Resex) are territories of common use destined to the conservation of natural resources, culture and means of life of traditional people. The regulation of the use of these areas is done through shared management between the public administration and administration of traditional peoples with participatory principles. For the implementation of the new management model (comanagement), the User Associations are created as representatives of the traditional people. The present research was elaborated with the proposal to contribute with the construction of sociological scientific knowledge, referring to the action of the Association of Users of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Traucateua (Auremat) in the face of social conflicts related to the management of natural resources. As recurrent and specific conflicts in Marine Extractive Reserves (REM) I chose to develop a study of the conflict caused by the practices: "marrecas fishing", creation of loose buffaloes and use of "thin mesh" for fishing. Such conflicts occur among groups of users: those who practice them and those who feel harmed by these activities. The investigated conflicts occur mainly in areas of flooded fields and in the surroundings of the rivers, situated in the area surrounding Resex. The data collection was done using the qualitative approach in three communities (Cocal, Santa Maria and Santa Tereza), chosen from the zoning made by the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and nominations of members of the board of directors of Auremat as conflicting. The research was divided in two stages, being carried out 5 incursions in the field. The following were conducted: secondary data collection, literature searches referring to the researched topic, observations and 41 interviews (39 with agroextrativistas users of Resex and 2 with Environmental Analysts of ICMBio). Even without the approval of the Management Plan (PM), it was verified that Auremat acts in the face of social conflicts related to the use of natural resources researched through meetings and environmental journeys in the areas surrounding the Resex where the users reside, promoting awareness on the problematic activities, assisting in the reporting of complaints to the competent bodies, in addition to developing other works aimed at improving the life of users. During the research, the difficulties to act were also observed of the agroextractivists who are members of the association, these are due to the insufficiency of associated users who are up to date with the payment of the fixed rate, causing a lack of resources. Currently the users association seeks attract productive projects and carries out activities, both destined to the users of the Reserve, with the support of international resources coming from the Tracuateua Project, which also takes on great importance for the training of agroextractivists for bureaucratic burdens of the association.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de substratos orgânicos no cultivo de orquídeas nativas da APA ilha do Combu, Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-05-22) VALENCIA, Wilmer Herrera; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
The natural fibers are being considered in the cultivation of orchids, including the coconut fiber as the most promising. However, other natural organic waste can be used in the cultivation. The study was conducted in the Area of Environmental Protection Island Combu located in Belém. The objective was to evaluate the effects of organic substrates in orchids cultivation, where were selected Brassia chloroleuca Barb.Rod. and Sobralia macrophylla Rchb f. native of APA and subjected to four substrates considered as treatments (T1 - fiber from the stem of açai palm; T2 - the coconut fiber, T3 - seeds of açai palm and T4 - sawdust). The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 4 replicates (10 individuals/replicate). The parameters were evaluated: the diameter, length, number of shoots, leaf number and rate of survival for pseudobulbos of Brassia chloroleuca and shoots of Sobralia macrophylla. Data were inserting into the spreadsheet program Bioestat 5.0. and subjected to analysis of variance and averages compared by the Tuckey test at 5% to assess the degree of significance of the effects of treatments. The results showed that the fiber from the stem açaí palm promoved development of vegetative structures followed by sawing in pseudobulbos of B. chloroleuca and S. macrophylla fiber to the stem and seeds of the açaí palm promoved greater growth. It was concluded that the fiber of the stalk of açai palm can be used in the cultivation of species with ecological and sustainable recovery after cutting the açaí palm.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biodiversidade da Amazônia e mercados locais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-04) MONTEIRO, Raimunda; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The study Amazonian Biodiversity and local Markets analyzes the tendencies of the diversified use of the Amazonian Biodiversity in the conceptual bases of development and sustainable production and the potentiality of the local markets as strategic ally. This research sustains that the Amazonian economy can profit from the tendencies of increase in value for natural products, but founded on the high value set on knowledge and involvement of the local population by strengthening the position of the region in its relationships with the national and global markets. A large number of products derived from Amazonian raw materials has been identified, as well as an expressive variety of industrial uses and a favorable, local, national and international atmosphere. There is a conclusive evidence that big enterprises still look upon the external market as their main target inasmuch as the local cooperation ties can still be deemed fragile. The consumers in the city of Belém indicate that the local market is receptive to new products, but it has its own characteristics that demand a renegotiation on the non-traditional trends and uses. And it is well known that the development of an economy system set on diversified bases demands the construction of productive and institutional links as well as adequate public policies, without which many of the emerging initiatives are likely to be unsuccessful.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Capacidade institucional, gestão ambiental descentralizada e sustentabilidade: o caso de Barcarena (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-05) SANTOS, Selma Solange Monteiro; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454; FARIAS, André Luís Assunção de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5310171409459863
Environmental management is a management of conflicting interests where the public sphere has mediation and therefore need to develop a series of organizational attributes. The research analyzed the institutional capacities (manage, financial and participatory) Barcarena municipality in the implementation of environmental policy to assist in building a sustainability project for the local community. The methodology involved the use of direct and indirect documentation techniques, and intensive and extensive direct observation. The theoretical framework, delimited to the prism of the study sustainability as the concept is multidimensional and has a strong appeal discourse that serves the economic interests of the dominant mode of production. It adopted the approach of sustainability anchored on participation, in which sustainability can only be achieved when the public sphere move to confront the neoliberal interests, from the opening of the state apparatus for inclusive participation of society in decisions of environmental policy, mobilizing transparent actions in environmental regulation, while adopting information systems that can effect social control. Whereas environmental management for sustainability is a federal commitment because the municipality is part of a shared and decentralized management system with the federal government, the states and the Federal District, it used theoretical contributions of decentralization of public policies in their size social incorporating the active participation with the assumptions for achieving sustainability. The guiding principle of the approach is given by references linked to enlarged critical theory originated in the Frankfurt School, which explains the preference in the adoption of references linked to Marxism to explain the relationship between sustainability, participation and decentralization. If it pondered that critical theory is also a theoretical alternative to domination of institutional capacity studies that focus on the functionalist approaches, which mostly use neoinstitutionalism main explanatory support. The results reveal that the main obstacle to anchored sustainability in participation is precisely the participatory capacity in environmental management because the government acts in the disruption of mechanisms that can bring the emancipation of the subject insofar as it does not achieve information systems, provides information incomplete, difficult to understand and subordinates participatory instances the interests of management. The capacity manage and financial downtown of the city in chain continuous actions for the future planning of environmental issues, as well as the absence of structural and continuous actions of the Union and the State in environmental planning of the areas under their jurisdictions, which are present in the city, also prevent building a local sustainability project in Barcarena.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae), no litoral paraense: uma abordagem sobre a atividade extrativa no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) SILVA, Mauro Marcio Tavares da; PINHEIRO, Marcelo Antonio Amaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6829111589524333; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
This paper initially provides information about the extraction potential of productive mangroves in the municipalities of Quatipuru and Bragança, as well as the socioeconomic characterization of the extractive professionals (crabbers) of this resource. Parallel to the information generated in the mangroves and communities interviewed in Quatipuru and Bragança, this study also seeks to contextualize the extractive activity of the mangrove crab-uçá around the Pará coast, through information obtained by the collection and analysis of data in different mangrove municipalities of Pará’s coast, characterizing the productive activity of this important resource extraction communities. The information collection occurred in the period between 2010-2012, where the extractive potential was examined, in the mangroves of Bragança and Quatipuru confirming these locations as potentially producing regions, with a density of 5.01 ± 1.09 ind/m2 in the Quatipuru magrove and 6.5 ± 1.0 ind/m2 in the Bragança mangrove with an immediate extraction potential (IEP) of 80.91 % in Quatipuru and 86.23 % in Bragança. Concerning extractive activity in the major communities in the municipalities of Quatipuru and Bragança, the profile of crabbers was characterized by male dominated, low education, with at least 16 years of activity for most in Quatipuru and more than 20 years for most of the interviewed in the communities of Bragança. The primary capture technique used is the "braceamento" with the aid of hook in both locations, where they capture on average 51-100 units / day in Quatipuru and 101-150 in Braganca, where the middleman is the main destination of the product for the sites investigated. The data obtained from the Pará coastal reveal that out of all the mangroves studied, the municipality of Viseu was highlighted as an important forest region of Pará, with a density of 4.23 ± 1.40 ind/m2, CPUE 46.6 (crabs / man / hour) and 226.8 ± 113.1 units captured by crabber/day, however , it is important to notice that this municipality had the lowest average price per crab (R$0.18 ± 0,05) among all communities of the municipalities visited. The importance of this resource for the communities in the coastal Pará is clear and requires regulatory actions that support exploration with sustainability, as well as encouraging these professionals of artisanal fisheries through actions of to recover their citizenship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Changes in the relationship between society and nature in the Mezzo-region of Southeastern Pará, Amazon, Brazil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2009) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; COELHO, Maria Célia Nunes; SILVA, Regiane Paracampos da
With this work, the authors wish to show some of the alterations in the pattern of relations between society and nature, which have taken place throughout the 20th century in the Parauapebas and Itacaiúnas river valleys, as well as in parts of the Tocantins River valley, in southeastern Pará. This is accomplished through descriptions based on Coudreau's first-hand accounts (1889), transcribed in "Voyage a Itaboca et a L'Itacayuna", published in 1897, which depicts an area almost totally covered by forest. This is followed by a counter view made possible through the LandSat 5 satellite sensors, with images of those valleys in 2001, showing the consequences of society transformations and pressure on natural resources, and above all the dramatic decrease in the size of the forest, reduced to 52 percent of the 63,000 square kilometers analyzed herein.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cogestão de recursos em reserva extrativista da Amazônia: o caso da Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-24) MAGNO, Giselle Gomes; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The Extractive Reserves (Resex) of the Amazon represent a natural laboratory for studies of models of co-management of shared resources between the State (manager) and communities (residents). The premise of a shared management or co-management model starts from the construction of cooperation between individuals and/or institutions that use resources through participatory mechanisms and processes implemented to create support for the cooperation of groups that use resources (eg, territory, extractive area and natural resources). This study analyzes the adherence of the governance system of the Resex Terra Grande-Pracuúba, located on Ilha de Marajó, Pará, Brazil, to the principles considered necessary for the construction of an effective co-management for the governance of common use resources. In addition to identifying the relationship of forces between the State and the traditional population in the management of resources and in the use of the territory, mainly in decision-making and in conflict resolution, evaluating the arenas of concertation and their relationships. The study made it possible to identify, through documents and interviews, some principles that reached greater maturity in the implementation eg: Defined limits, Congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local conditions, Minimum recognition of organizational rights; Nested enterprises) and where improvement is needed (eg, Collective Choice Arrangements; Monitoring; Graduated Sanctions; Conflict Resolution Mechanisms). The hierarchical relationship between the decision-making arenas exist (local meetings would support the meetings by poles, which in turn would support the Management Board). However, they are still fragile in terms of their frequency, functioning and protagonism of communities and ICMBio in issues associated with co-management of the territory. The transgression of governance principles for the use of resources and territory can be illustrated both by the lack of fundamental management instruments for the administration of the RESEX, such as a Management Plan, which makes it difficult to organize economic and environmental actions on the use of resources within the Unit, but also (and mainly) due to the ineffectiveness of the co management instruments already implemented. The good participation of the actors indicates that there is interest in these spaces, however bureaucratic and unilateral interests can inhibit active participation. The analysis of the co-management of the Terra Grande-Pracuúba Extractive Reserve concludes that the governance system implemented was not effective in the shared management of the use of natural resources and territory. In addition, decision-making in collective arenas presented difficulties in applying the rules for the use of natural resources and territory for the pacification of conflicts, for the reproduction of the traditional way of life and for the support of cooperation between groups of users.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento sustentável e uso dos recursos naturais em áreas de várzea do território do baixo Tocantins da Amazônia paraense: limites, desafios e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-19) REIS, Adebaro Alves dos; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The central goal of this thesis is to understand and analyze the dynamics of sustainable use the natural resource by the cabocla-riverside populations aiming the application of sustainable development concept and, starting the observation the everyday the way of life, the use of natural resources and the process of diversified production as empirical elements required to think a new pattern of development, in other words, the sustainable, anchored to traditional knowledges of cabocla-riverside populations of lowland areas the territory of Baixo Tocantins of Amazon Paraense. Like this, sought , starting of theoric debate, develop a criticizes to modern science, with specificity to instrumental rationality, that promoted fragmentation the relationship between man and nature, through development of destructive activities the natural resources that compromise the own human life , the same time, was introduced an approach of interdisciplinarity as one possibility of articulation in different areas of knowledge for a intervention under perspectives of dimensions the social life and natural. The study to elaborate this thesis has as universe the Baixo Tocantins territory, where it considered the lowland ecosystems of municipalities Abaetetuba and Igarapé-Miri, in their components considered strategic like: riverside communities, agro ecosystem and riverside population, constitutive the Tocantins river margin. For this, was reconstituted of synthetic mode, the historical trajectory of this territory through of occupation, development, and use of natural resources, which were analyzed from adaptive productive dynamics , and use of natural resources in their multiple activities of management of lowland ecosystem focused for production and management of açaí , agroforestry systems (SAFs), agriculture, creating of small and medium-sized animals , creation of fishes, vegetal extractivism and animal , shrimp fishery and fish on lowland ecosystem. This practices of use the natural resources, traditionally employed by inhabitants of lowland areas makes part of one lifestyle, that secularly has guaranteed the production of knowledge acquired/inherited of past generations, how management and use nature resources of this agrosystem. The productive diversity strategies, management and multiple uses the nature resources follows the rhythms imposed by nature of adaptation capacity of relation with natural conditions of lowland areas, such as : flood process, flood and ebb the rivers, erosion/ deposition , environmental impacts by great developmental projects, elevated levels of the rivers , among others factors, keeping a high degree of interrelationship balanced with nature. Can mean that, in the lowland ecosystem, man and nature are completed, creating a single standard of sustainable development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento territorial em unidades de conservação: o caso da RESEX marinha de São João da Ponta
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) GONÇALVES, Amanda Cristina Oliveira; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
In the current process of advancement of conservation units for sustainable use in the Amazon, the creation of Extractive Reserves in the type marine in the coastal Pará, currently covering nine counties, is evident as a strategy to address issues related to natural resource management, in which survive hundreds of traditional fishing communities in this region. However, as an instrument in the pursuit of territorial development, RESEX needs to be understood by the limitations that are imposed in the context of its implementation. In this sense, the territory of the Marine Extractive Reserve of São João da Ponta, established in 2002, located in the northeastern state of Pará, and policies arising from the creation of the unit comprising the object of analysis of this research, aiming to bring to the academic debate of Geography, and other areas of interest, issues related to empowerment and participatory management of the common resources among the population of this municipality traditional extraction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da geodiversidade da Ilha de Cotijuba: contribuições para a análise de implantação de infraestrutura e geoturismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-08) BORGES, Adriano Dias; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847
For better understanding the Belém's estuary physical aspects is a relevant factor for actions that may develop in the territory. The present study aimed to geodiversity diagnose to give subsidies to better use, exploitation and conservation of natural resources in Cotijuba Island in Belém-PA, thus indicating potential areas for the implementation of public policies mainly in infrastructure and Geotourism. To achieve the goals were made geodiversity aspects thematic maps with subsequent confirmation of the data in the field through raids on Cotijuba Island. Results obtained allow us to make abiotic resources diagnosis on the island, giving a small contribution to the development of public policy proposals with regard to infrastructure and Geotourism, in an attempt to contribute to the local development of Belém island region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da paisagem: mudanças, percepções e dificuldades de recuperação na RDS Alcobaça, área de influência da UHE Tucuruí/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-08) PIRATOBA, Diana Nathaly Monroy; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The construction and operation of the Tucuruí dam caused negative landscape changes, which are accentuated by the installation of rural communities on the islands and on the lake‘s shores. The increasing reduction of forest vegetation, the biodiversity loss, the increase of socio-cultural conflicts and the landscape fragmentation detected in the dam influence area, prove that ecosystems and human population have not reached an equilibrium. With the creation of conservation units in 2002, environmental problems were expected to reduce in intensity and magnitude. However, the socio-environmental crisis remained unchanged. Given this scenario, the study seeks to understand if a) the perception of the landscape changes in the Alcobaça Sustainable Development Reserve – SDR – are similar according to the local knowledge and the scientific evidences; b) the use and management of natural resources by local dwellers influence the landscape transformations in the area; and finally c) ethnobotany in local communities presents potential for the management and control of ecosystem degradations. The methodological assumption implicates proper techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal – PRA –, supplemented with non-participatory techniques of vegetation cover interpretation. The selection of this study area is due to the fact that the Alcobaça SDR presents the most fragmented landscape and the largest population concentration in relation to other protection units. The oral memory of fishermen shows that the landscape changes are associated with natural resources management changes, encouraging the development of predation methods as a response to the current resources shortage. Although local communities express knowledge about damage on the ecosystems, Uncertainties linked to dwellers' land titles conflict with the management institutions of the SDR area and are often the justification of or even the motivation for a bad landscape management. Local knowledge on vegetation resources, though, does not solve the environmental crisis evidenced in the area, and is only a potential tool for the management of degraded areas. Biodiversity is locally known, not as a long list of species, but as a real knowledge built up and appropriated by local communities. It is materialized in dwellers' backyards, incipient agroforestry, and therefore appropriate for the control of the environmental degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do avortado ao comprado: práticas alimentares e a segurança alimentar da comunidade quilombola do baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04) NASCIMENTO, Elcio Costa do; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz
This research presents the analysis of different strategies of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) developed by the families of the Quilombola Community of baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará. The community is facing changes in their eating habits due the reduction of natural resources (hunting animals, fish and shrimps), decrease of the area for agricultural production and increase of the commercial value of production. Using a qualitative approach and the following procedures: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, photographic record, itemized lists and workshops on eating habits, we investigated the community and their production and food practices. We observed a higher specialization of production, decreasing the diversity of local production and of the families’ self-sufficiency; increasing in the importance of extraction of açaí as an income generator; substitution of natural products (natural juices, teas) for industrial products (coffee, soda); increase in purchasing power, stimulated both by market trades and the social benefits received (bolsa família, pension and seguro defeso). This reality has significantly influenced the production practices and eating habits of the local families, interfering with production decisions and food acquisition, making families dependent on trade and income generation in order to ensure the SAN of the quilombola families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANTOS, Thais Aparecida Coelho dos; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
(Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil). The objective of this study was to record the most important vegetal resources in the life of the quilombolas of Bocaina, emphasizing the practices of agrobiodiversity management. We used semi-strutured and informal interviews, free list, and participant observation. For records, we used a field diary, photos, and recordings. For analysis, we performed calculations of absolute and relative frequencies, linear regression analysis to verify relations between age and species richness, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), and diversity profile. We recorded a total of 180 species, of which, the most cited plants were food crops cultivated in backyards and clearings. Ninety-seven medicinal species used for various diseases were recorded. The most common form of use is leaf tea. We verified that the plants management is of agroecological character favoring biodiversity maintenance. We concluded that the Community, by means of its traditional knowledge, performs agroecological management of the plants, promoting food security for its family and conservation of genetic resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia política e estratégias de sustentabilidade: uma reflexão teórica
(2010-12) RAVENA, Nírvia
This article aims to conduct a theoretical analysis based on models that examine the relationship between population growth and access and use of natural resources, including in the models presented for this relationship analysis, the category of posterity as a base for policy decisions concerning possible strategies sustainability. The article presents the model of Boserup about population pressure on resources, the Stuart Mill’s complaints about freedom, and the model on Common Resources by Elinor Ostrom.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre o extrativismo e a catação: utilização das sementes de andiroba (Carapa Guianensis Aublet.) no Município de Marapanim (Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-04-26) FURTADO, Diego Corrêa; SILVA, Luís Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet) is a plant species typical of semi-flooded or non-flooded forests, but, in Pará state (Brazil), its seeds disperse through water courses, reaching beaches. From such fact, the present study issued to investigate how the productive and symbolic appropriation of this species is performed by human populations who live in the mentioned beaches, also comparing the collected data with the information described in the scientific literature, which, so far, has been concentrating its efforts on the forest context. Field research was at Marapanim municipality, and as study method, it was chosen the case study, associated to participatory observation, interviews with semi-structured scripts, guided visits and thematic debates. The study concluded that the extraction of the andiroba seeds oil in Marapanim is based on technical knowledge and symbolic constructions introduced by people came from areas where andiroba tree is typical. Such work increases familiar income during the months that follow the species period, but the absence of andiroba trees at the local beaches brings doubts on the way how the research subjects express their identification as extractivists.