Navegando por Assunto "Recursos naturais - Administração"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Descentralização e a gestão ambiental municipal no Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-04) SILVA, Benedito Evandro Barros da; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
The state of Pará has made a major effort to decentralize its environmental management, although the lack of mechanisms to monitor and evaluate this process undermines the transparency, monitoring and improvement of the decentralization policy. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze municipal environmental management in the state of Pará from the analysis of decentralization policies and municipal performance in environmental management. The history of the policies was carried out through documentary analysis and the legal framework. The performance was evaluated based on the development of a municipal environmental management performance index (iGAM) and the perception of local public agents on the environmental management of their municipality. The methodology was applied to 143 municipalities in Pará and the performance of the municipal environmental management was evaluated for the year 2009 and 2015. The perception of the agents on the management was evaluated through a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale applied to two groups of environmental technicians belonging to municipalities with “good” and “poor” performance in management. The results showed that the decentralization of environmental management had its greatest evolution since the year 2009, motivated by public policies and strong pressures to reduce deforestation, however, they lack mechanisms to monitor the quality of environmental management. The iGAM, characterized by land use change variables, which explained more than 70% of the total variance, categorized the municipalities into four performance classes (good, fair, bad and very bad), which were shown in maps. Between 2009 and 2015, there was some improvement in the performance of municipalities. However, the decentralization measures seem to be more political than environmentally effective, since only 21.7% of the 143 municipalities were classified as having good environmental management in 2015. Municipalities in eastern Pará had the poorest management performance in both periods, illustrating regions where unsustainable and misguided national policies have been fostered since the 1970s. In general, iGAM was positively affected by factors such as population, communication and protected areas in municipalities and negatively affected by rural credit, GDPm and rural environmental cadastre. Public agents, with more optimistic perceptions than reality, tended to qualify management differently than expected from empirical data, suggesting the need for mixed monitoring. The variables associated with changes in land use were also key to differentiate the perception of agents from different groups. A cost-effective monitoring of agents’ perceptions by public environmental agencies could focus on the variables that actually differentiate them in terms of perception: degraded area, secondary vegetation, abandoned pasture, deforested area; pasture area; rural credit and rural environmental cadastre. There is still a lot of room for improving the effectiveness of municipal environmental management in Pará. However, it is important to note that many policies with a profound impact at the municipal level are elaborated at higher hierarchical levels and, therefore, responsibility must be shared. The monitoring of environmental management in a synergistic way is as important as it is indispensable to improve the performance of municipalities by enabling the different levels of state public administration to evaluate, plan, monitor, implement and guarantee development in order to preserve environmental quality in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elemento de benção, região de maldição: uma análise da gestão de recursos hídricos no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) CIRILO, Brenda Batista; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The main objective of this study was to analyze the existing limitations for the management of water resources in the State of Pará, related to the implementation of management instruments and base entities for decentralization, as set forth in the Water Resources Policy of the State of Pará (Law No. 6,381 of 2001). For this purpose, it was necessary to investigate: a) the limitations existing in the historical trajectory of the process of water regulation in Brazil, which hinder the implantation of these legal devices; b) regional and local limitations; c) the limitations of the State Water Management Authority (SEMAS/PA); and d) the role of municipal public authority in the management of water resources on a local and inter-municipal scale. Field research was carried out in two stages: the first with environmental secretariats of the municipalities comprising Marapanim river basin and Itacaiúnas river basin, and the second with employees and former employees of SEMAS/PA. Based on common resource management theories, with emphasis on the Resource Curse Hypothesis and its deployment, it was found that the institutional system designed by the State for the management of water resources in the Amazon does not effectively comply with the principles of decentralization and participation from the Water Resources Policy, compromising the implementation and effectiveness of legal provisions by promoting a model of regional development that privileges the interests of specific economic groups, which reflects in state and local management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento ambiental em concessões florestais estaduais: estudo de caso no conjunto de Glebas Mamuru-Arapiuns, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-03-19) LIMA, Rayssa Yuki Murakami; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619
As a pioneering experience started in 2011, forestry concessions in the Glebas Mamuru Arapiuns complex, in the west of the State of Pará, still lack assessments on the environmental monitoring employed by public and private agents. This study evaluated the performance of environmental monitoring by the competent actors, the effectiveness of that execution and the local forest governance employed in the areas granted. Execution was assessed based on the degree of compliance with the environmental monitoring baseline and the flow of internal processes, plus the perception of the actors. Forest effectiveness and governance were analyzed using guidelines and pillars adapted from international literature. The legal and procedural framework adopted by the state concession system brought security and stability in the face of unstable political scenarios. However, both compliance and monitoring effectiveness were partially satisfactory and dependent on each actor. The contract management body achieved 92% satisfactory compliance; the management plan's licensing and inspection body obtained 60% and the independent auditorsreached 100%. The two forest concessionaires assessed differed in compliance with the monitoring baseline, 75% satisfactory for Amazônia Florestal Ltda and 47% for LN Guerra Indústria e Comércio de Madeira Ltda. The effectiveness of environmental monitoring, in turn, was satisfactory in 50% of the evaluated principles. The forest governance of the state concessions of Mamuru-Arapiuns Glebas in their environmental dimension showed flaws in different pillars considered key to its success, which together indicated the need for improvements in forest governance. In this sense, in order to safeguard forest resources in a medium term, it is suggested to prioritize the strengthening of the institutions' technical and financial capacity, establish a more efficient communication flow between agencies and improve transparency processes
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Política pública de abastecimento pluvial: água da chuva na Amazônia, e por que não?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-23) VELOSO, Nircele da Silva Leal; CASTRO, Pedro Pablo Cardoso; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The few advances in the public policies directed to the sector of water supply have generated incentives for the implantation of systems of capture and use of the rain. In this scenario, we highlight the Sanear Amazon. Faced with the challenge of universalizing access to water to the less favored, especially with the paradoxical Amazon supply, the system was designed attributing responsibilities to the inhabitant, making it a fundamental component of its structure. This thesis sought to evaluate the model implemented by the project, regarding sustainable access to water, proposing causal variables that constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions for its viability. The comparative analysis extended to four Conservation Units of the Amazonian biome, was based on the IAD Framework, quantified on a scale of fuzzy gradients and the organizational diagnosis based on the VSM. It was observed that, at the socioeconomic level, similar profiles for the parameter’s infrastructure, education and income with almost viable perceptions, almost infeasible and almost impracticable, respectively. Health conditions in Chico Mende and Juruá were evaluated as almost unviable and Rio Cajari and Marinha de Soure were partially unviable. The institutional variable was based on management indicators, self-organization. Some inconsistencies in management have led to misunderstandings in the choice of beneficiaries. There were also reflections on the execution of the services, where some constructive deviations may have contributed to the way the system was appropriated by the residents. The comparative cost analysis requires adaptation with the minimum and maximum definition of housing served by the supply structure. As for self-organization, does the work lead the reader to reflect whether the implanted model can be considered a social technology? A point of greater prominence in this research is the indicator of acceptability. RESEX's Rio Cajari and Médio Juruá are where residents less accept rainfall, as projected, rejection rates reached 87% and 58%, respectively. In these localities many systems were dismantled and the reservoirs used with other sources. In the other conservation units, despite the high rejection rates, the use of rainwater in isolated forms, with or without combinations of other sources, was verified for potable or non-potable use. Soure is the only locality that has residents consuming rain for human consumption. The results indicate that rainfall acceptability is not related to the type of rainfall use proposed by the model. Tripod analysis: need, involvement, and increased work helps to understand the lack of identity with the ultimate purpose. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. The socio-economic, institutional and environmental conditions are combined, but only institutional and environmental variables are sufficient for the feasibility analysis. The organizational structure does not present the required capacities for viability due to the absence of adaptation mechanisms that favors the use of rainfall; lack of identity with the system that consolidates rainwater supply as a transformation element; the absence or lack of definition of the subsets.