Navegando por Assunto "Redes de distribuição"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Impacto de redes de distribuição com massiva conexão de geradores fotovoltaicos na estabilidade de tensão de longo-prazo em sistemas de potência(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-31) BARATA, Heitor Alves; VIEIRA, João Paulo Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188999223769913This dissertation aims to show the impact of distributed photovoltaic generators connected to distribution networks on long term voltage stability using full time simulation. The effect of different penetration levels of photovoltaic generation is investigated. Different distribution network models considering distributed generation (DG) connections is also investigated: 1) Load and DG represented by ZIP model and negative active power loads, respectively, connected to the substation bus; 2) Load and DG represented by ZIP model and dynamic equivalent, respectively, connected to the substation bus; 3) Load and GD represented by ZIP model and dynamic model, respectively, distributed along a MV distribution network. Equipments such as On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) transformers, Overexcitation Limiter (OEL), static loads and step voltage regulators are taken into account in the analyzes, since they significantly affect the long-term voltage stability. The investigations were conducted using both the power flow software ANAREDE and transient stability simulator ANATEM, developed by the Electrical Energy Research Center (CEPEL). For the purpose of power flow studies, photovoltaic generators are modeled as PQ buses with Q=0. The modelling of photovoltaic generators for dynamic studies is based on WECC (Western Electricity Coordinating Council) model, wich was inserted into file User Defined Controller (CDU) from ANATEM. The undervoltage protection of photovoltaic generator is also considered. The case studies were performed on a combined transmission and distribution model.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Metodologia para cálculo de perdas técnicas e não técnicas de alimentadores de distribuição via estudos de fluxo de carga pelo Método Somatório de Potência Modificado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-04) OLIVEIRA, Rafael Cavalcante de; NUNES, Marcus Vinicius Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9533143193581447; BEZERRA, Ubiratan Holanda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6542769654042813Fundamental to economic activity the electric energy sector in Brazil is regulated by the relevant agency, ANEEL. Which regulates and supervises the production, transmission / distribution and commercialization of electric energy in accordance with the policies of the federal government. Among other functions, ANEEL defines the tariff values to be charged by the concessionaires through tools such as Tariff Reviews. The non-technical losses (or commercial losses) of the electric power company are part of the energy tariff composition, being passed on to the final consumer, within a pre-established limit. Therefore reducing commercial losses is a fundamental issue for energy distributors, as it increases the profitability of the company and decreases energy costs to the end user. This work, being the result of a research project carried out in partnership between the power distribution utility of the state of Pará, CELPA, and the Federal University of Pará, UFPA, aims to develop a new methodology in the scope of operational planning, including technical loss information and techniques in load flow studies using modified Power Summation Method. Initially, an analysis of the scenario of the Brazilian electric sector is presented, with emphasis on the frauds and thefts of energy, considering the impacts of this reality from the financial point of view for both the energy concessionaires and the clients, as well as the impacts on the services to these consumers. Afterwards a new methodology, able to more assertively determine the actual operating state of the distribution network is showed, taking into account the commercial losses of energy, together with real measurements of active and reactive power injected in the feeders, in the point of common coupling with the substation. The method developed using both an IEEE 13-bus test feeder and an urban feeder of the Belém metropolitan network belonging to the Pará power utility CELPA, is applied and the results obtained are then presented and analyzed.