Navegando por Assunto "Riscos socioambientais"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de perdas econômicas geradas pela erosão em ambiente praiano: caso da praia de Ajuruteua – Bragança/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) RODRIGUES, Hygson da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The beach of Ajuruteua-PA, 36 km from the municipality seat of Bragança-Pará, has undergone constant morphological transformations due to the process of marine erosion. Such erosions have been causing disasters during periods of full tide (equinox and syzygy). In addition, the lack of planning in the management of the use and occupation of the territory caused several environmental consequences and the quality of life of the population. The objective of this work was to estimate the economic losses directly and indirectly generated by water erosion, through the Cost of Replacement Method (MVCR), and to contribute to the actions of civil defense in dealing with natural disasters. It also aims to collaborate with the planning and actions of public policies in order to avoid further harm to the population at risk, as well as to propose improvements for environmental management, the issue of territorial reordering and the social confrontation related to natural disasters. A questionnaire and checklist applied to a random sample of housing units can assess the costs of losses and damages caused by the phenomenon, as well as the application of the MVRC to analyze the losses for recovery / reconstruction or the total loss of the property without the recovery of the damage. The results indicate that there are many attempts to contain erosion along the coastline of Ajuruteua Beach, but these do not provide definitive solutions to the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider measures that reduce the exposure to the risk of facing disasters and prevent losses or high costs with the recovery, reconstruction or reallocation of properties and families that are resident in the region. The average Replacement Cost (CR) of the 81 buildings located in the tidal range, considering the average Internal Unit Cost (CUi) of R$ 34.708,76 and the Average External Unit Cost (CUe) of R$ 43.388,63; was R$ 6.325.889,40. Indicating that socioeconomic losses can be significant, and should be rethought in the direction of the management of coastal space.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espaço-temporal da leptospirose e fatores de risco em Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) GONÇALVES, Nelson Veiga; ARAUJO, Ediane Nunes de; SOUSA JÚNIOR, Alcinês da Silva; PEREIRA, Waltair Maria Martins; MIRANDA, Claudia do Socorro Carvalho; CAMPOS, Pedro Silvestre da Silvia; MATOS, Mauro Wendel de Souza; PALÁCIOS, Vera Regina da Cunha Menezes
The occurrence of leptospirosis has defied epidemiology even when using different analysis technologies at local geographical levels. This cross-sectional and descriptive study sought to identify spatial correlations between social and environmental risk factors and leptospirosis in Belém in the State of Pará from 2007 to 2013. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Pará State Department of Public Health and the environmental, demographic and cartographical data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Men aged 20 to 39 of unknown profession and mixed ethnicity were the most affected. Laboratory diagnosis (82%) and hospital care (67.22%) confirmed satisfactory access to the Unified Health System. Numerical Kriging indicated the highest concentrations of the disease in the Guamá and Jurunas neighborhoods in lower lying areas near canals. The Buffer technique showed higher concentrations of the disease in areas with no domestic solid garbage collection service (26%), sewage (22%), piped water (38%), with unpaved roads (20%) and street flooding (65%). The Moran technique revealed a direct spatial correlation between these variables (p = 0.01543). The general trend showed the decrease of the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Riscos socioambientais de inundações e alagamentos na planície de Belém (PA): análise sobre as causas e formas de planejamento urbano para o tratamento da problemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-14) SOARES, André Araújo Sombra; BASTOS, Rodolpho Zahluth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0697476638482653; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1089731342748216
This dissertation aims to develop a systemic analysis of the problems of urban flooding and flooding in the lowland areas of Belém (PA), with a view to identifying its causes and pointing out forms of urban planning for its treatment. The present study used as a methodological strategy an integrated environmental analysis of the thematic, with the appreciation of different dimensions of knowledge towards the environmental multidisciplinarity. The dimensions of knowledge encompassed in this research deal with the physiographic dimensions; anthropogenic and political; based on classical theoretical references of each field. In addition, the execution of the work relied on operational procedures such as the use of a geoprocessing tool, as well as the use of rainfall event information during the period from Feb. 2018 (mid of the superhumid season) to June 2018 (beginning of the wet season). The results of the research show that the problems of urban floods and floods have complex causes and have intensifying agents that vary according to the location of the impacted area. In general, the anthropogenic action is largely responsible for the intensification of events due to the transformation processes of the lowland areas. With regard to the forms of urban planning required to deal with the problem, the research found that it is essential to implement a set of structural and non-structural measures that comprise the dimensions of physiographic knowledge; anthropogenic and political / institutional analysis of the local study. Among the measures, adequate sewage treatment and uninterrupted dredging of the drainage system are considered in order to reduce the frequency of flooding. In addition, the application of sustainable urban planning practices, such as the renaturalization plan for stretches of urban channels, has been presented as an innovative measure in the contemporary urban environmental agenda for the purpose of recovering the flooded beds of transformed canals, and consequently in the greater control of the events of urban floods in areas near channels. Finally, the research concludes that the feasibility of urban planning forms with the environmental sustainability bias, such as the renaturalization plan of stretches of urban channels, depends on the valorization of the local political / institutional element.