Navegando por Assunto "Risk management"

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Desconhecido
Aplicação da ferramenta de risco FMEA para análises dos modos de falha de uma barragem de terra: estudo de caso Projeto Formoso do Araguaia-TO
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-15) SANTOS, Andreia Arruda; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The Formoso River Project, located in the state of Tocantins, is the largest irrigation project in Latin America and its structures, made up of three dams, have worried the supervisory body due to the compromised state of conservation of these structures, with evidence of pathologies and anomalies at various points. The state government, which is the developer of the dams, in 2012 even contracted revitalization projects for the enterprise, but to date the works have not been carried out, which makes the safety of the dams more vulnerable. The general objective of the research is to analyze the risk situation of the Calumbi II dam, which makes up the Rio Formoso irrigation project, through the application of the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) risk tool, identifying the most likely failure modes and with greater potential. Other objectives would be: the description of the interventions recommended by the consultancy hired by the entrepreneur and the critical analysis of the lack of dam safety management. The research methodology was based on four stages: a) characterization of the Rio Formoso Project and the case study dam; b) survey of anomalies and pathologies found in the dam; c) application of the FMEA risk tool and d) critical analysis of the dam's safety management case study. The results indicated that the Calumbi II dam presents several pathologies and anomalies (presence of large trees and shrub vegetation on the crest, retraction cracks, erosion and water surges on the slopes), and that despite the dam operating at minimum levels, failures may occur. The FMEA tool demonstrated that the highest priority failure mode would be upstream slope instability (NPR=336), secondly, failure due to piping (NPR=320) and thirdly, but more remote, failure due to dam overtopping ( NPR=144). From the aspect of the analysis of the safety management of the Calumbi II Dam, the vulnerability of the enterprise was concluded, since the dam does not have a PSB or PAE, it does not have installed instrumentation, there is no professional responsible for safety, it does not have studies of risk assessments, does not receive regular periodic inspections by the supervisory body.
Desconhecido
Erosões urbanas para percepção de risco: o caso das voçorocas na cidade de Açailândia-MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) MIRANDA, Antonio Carlos da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The forms of land use and occupation without proper planning tend to generate several problems in the process of expansion of the cities, among them, mention is made of the emergence and acceleration of erosive processes, especially in places with natural vulnerability. This study aimed to characterize the urban erosions for the perception of the risks in the gullies in Açailândia-MA. The methodology used qualitative and quantitative analyzes to understand the origin of the urban erosion process (natural and / or anthropic); the evolution of these processes, by altering the natural landscape; the erosive effects resulting from natural phenomena, controlling factors and anthropic actions; the characterization of erosive features in the gully areas; and its classification as a disaster according to the Brazilian Code of Disasters - COBRADE. For the development of the methodology, two gullies were chosen, located in areas with distinct characteristics, one being located in the Barra Azul neighborhood, a transition zone from rural to urban (peri-urban) and the other in an urbanized area in the Açailândia-MA Center. According to the results found in the research it was possible to conclude that this voçoroca disaster is classified by the Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disaster - COBRADE in 1.1.4.3.3. When analyzing the origin, shape and size of the two gullies, historical data were considered for 12 years, relating the advance to each end of the rainy season. The origin of the craters is related to the interactions of the anthropic and natural factors. On the other hand, the shapes of the craters are different: the barrel of the Barra Azul neighborhood is branched and the one of the neighborhood of Centro has irregular shape, and the two gullies present their sizes classified as very large. The eroded volumes are above 40,000 m³. As a final product, a model of an Emergency or Contingency Plan for Geological Disaster Occurrences - PLANECON was prepared for the city of Açailândia (MA). The development of this allows during the crisis to develop the operationalization, the procedures and actions that should be taken, adapting them to objective planning, the hierarchy of response actions in the planning of decisions, the actual situation of the disaster during the occurrence, the use of Erosive Disaster Risk Management actions in the use of non-structural and structural measures by the responsible bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativas de curvas IDF e curvas de permanência na Amazônia sob a influência de mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-05) COSTA, Carlos Eduardo Aguiar de Souza; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
The impacts on global water resources may be more intense due to climate change, making access to water more difficult and, consequently, maintaining life. In the Amazon, the effect may be even worse, as it is one of the regions most vulnerable to these changes. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios are essential tools for General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Global Hydrological Models (GHMs) to simulate future climate change. Intensity, Duration and Frequency (IDF) curves and flow duration curves are fundamental for the elaboration of hydraulic projects and risk management. Thus, the objective of this study was to elaborate projections of IDF curves for the Tapajós watershed in RCP 4.5 and 8.5, using data from GCMs HadGEM2-ES, CanESM2 and MIROC5. Another objective was to analyze variations in the permanence curves and available volumes of the Amazon River using data from the GHM WaterGAP2 forced by MIROC5 and HadGEM2-ES (in RCPs 6.0 and 8.5). The projected IDF curves were compared with the existing IDF, elaborated using a stationary method. The base permanence curves were created from the last 20 years of observed flows and compared with the curves of future scenarios (from 2020). They were calculated from decadal volumes. The biggest differences for the projected IDF curves were in MIROC5 (143.15% in RCP 8.5) and the smallest differences were in HadGEM2-ES (4% in RCP 4.5) both for the 100-year return period. The spatial resolutions of each GCM influenced their IDF curves, since CanESM2 did not present satisfactory results and MIROC5 was the one that best represented the possible future differences. WaterGAP2 presented the classification “Very Good” for most stations according to statistical validation indicators. Most of the extreme flows were for 2080 to 2099. For WaterGAP2 (MIROC5), most volumes were below the century's decadal average, increasing from 2060. For WaterGAP2 (HadGEM2-ES) projections the volumes are usually close or below the decadal average, falling from 2060 onwards. MIROC5 is the most suitable for studies of climate projections in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de integração da metodologia FMEA na gestão de segurança de barragem hidréletrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-18) CARVALHO, Regiana Barbosa; GOUVEIA, Fernanda Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1772072130947378
The dam failure scenario in Brazil has been more frequent than expected around the world and, therefore, dam safety management has become a central focus of entrepreneurs who have sought to meet legal requirements and supervisory bodies. In this context, risk analysis methodologies applied in several sectors of the industry, started to be considered in the management of dam projects, adding benefits in the activities of control and monitoring of the structures, as well as in the prediction of failure modes and accidents. Therefore, the present research has as a general objective, to propose the integration of the risk analysis methodology, FMEA methodology (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) to the safety management system practiced at UHE Tucuruí, seeking to expand the entrepreneur's management to the scope of the failure mode scenarios and their respective causes, including the monitoring of indicators related to the dam's safety status, occurrence and detection rates. The research methodology was based on five steps, namely: a) characterization of the dam, a case study; b) identification of anomalies present in the structure's history; ç); analysis of the entrepreneur's management process; d) application of the FMEA methodology resulting in scenarios with higher NPR and; e) proposal to integrate the FMEA into the safety management system practiced by the entrepreneur. The results of the FMEA application indicated that among the failure modes simulated for the dam case study, the scenario “internal erosion caused by clogging of filters and drains in the earthen dam on the right bank” presented the highest NPR, and therefore, this is the scenario that requires prioritization of actions. Also, for most of the simulated failure modes, the detection rate resulted in a 'low detection', due to weaknesses in the dam monitoring system, as recorded in the dam instrumentation reports. In the case of the UHE Tucuruí safety management process, it was possible to integrate the FMEA methodology into the plant's flowchart, taking advantage of the "Periodic Review" stage, using the same team hired for this demand, optimizing the flowchart. Finally, it is expected that the integration of the FMEA methodology in the dam management process will provide the following benefits: a) dam safety management oriented towards the management of failure mode scenarios; b) management of risk control mechanisms and continuous assessment of the project's monitoring system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Segurança no uso de medicamentos: ações de melhoria em um hospital em Belém, Pará, Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-29) OLIVEIRA, Thais Castro; SANTOS, Valéria Regina Cavalcante dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0213999310674716; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1264-8125
Introduction: Health services, especially hospital institutions, are complex systems that involve several risks, which can be exemplified by drug therapy. Investigation and knowledge of the factors that determine the occurrence of medication errors allow for actions that strengthen safety in the medication chain and the patient. Objective: Implement actions to improve safety, prescription, administration and quality use of medicines in a hospital in Belém, Pará, Amazon. Method: The study took place in a philanthropic hospital, located in the city of Belém, Pará. A quantitative study was carried out in the action-research modality, data collection took place from December to January 2022, a semi-structured form was applied to assess patient safety in dispensing, preparation and administration. Results and discussion: 43 collaborators participated in this study, the analysis of the responses to the workers' behavior allowed us to identify that the professionals reported unsatisfactory performance of 4 actions (event notification; multidose recording; recording of temperature and medication by verbal order). From the weaknesses found, strategies were presented to minimize these occurrences, they are: elaboration of the safety protocol, use and administration of medications, standard operating procedure for high-alert medication and protocol for the use of multi-dose medications. Conclusion: It was identified that despite the knowledge of the risks and the need to guarantee patient safety through protocols for health services, it was noticed the need to implement basic and fundamental actions through institutional standards and routines, in accordance with with the local reality. Actions, when systematized, become possible applications in the safety of medication use and contribute to reducing potential risks and promoting safety and quality in the health work process.