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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
No Fútila, no Mayombe: modernidade, desenvolvimento e riscos no tempo de paz em Cabinda - Angola
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-14) BUZA, Juliana Lando Canga; CARDOSO, Luis Fernando Cardoso e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9240601863315295; AQUINO, Maria José da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255
In this study, the relation of contradiction integration between two towns of Cabinda, province of Angola, is put into question, with activities of exploration of natural resources such as crude oil and wood. Futila village, nearby Malongo oil field, where oil activities are concentrated under Chevron-Texaco leadership. And the town of Buco-Zau immersed in a region next to the Forest reserve of Mayombe. Modernity, development and the risk are prioritized as the main concept in this study. And as a broader context, the reconstruction of Angola after the peace agreement, post civil war in 2002, when conception of development and that of modernization are perceived, the stimulus of an economy guided by interests of exportation of primary goods such as crude oil and wood, even though the strong appeal of so called sustainable development. Placing a constitution of Angola while the country is integrated in the process of modernity, since the Portuguese colony through thirty years of overcoming the civil war, started after the conquest of independence in 1975, reflection was sought about meaning, for the population who suffered directly from exporting enterprises, adoption of the development model synonymous of the economic growth in governmental actions to the reconstruction of the country. Affected so much by exclusion, evidence was sought of which way is better to promote life, if it is to resist by opulence, effectively to force those population to overcome the constraints imposed upon them, of cultural order, social and political, such as environmental, in relation to activities of exploration of natural resources. On other hand, it also aimed to perceive the meaning of environmental requirements in strategies of legitimating undertaken in activities of exploration of natural resources, in order to mitigate adverse effects in the social and environmental that involve them. In conclusion, features were clearly the face of disintegrating local ways of life, based in fishing, small agriculture and collection, under the risk imposed by exportation activities, therefore without, considering the integration of the point of view of development such as substantive freedom, this is, in a sense of propitiate to those populations a worthy conditions of life, to perform strategies including politics of collective knowledge and the valorization of other rationalities more suited to a social reappropriation of nature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Rio Negro (AM) e sua relação com o turismo de base comunitária: perspectivas de gestão local na Amazônia e percepção das comunidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-10-30) SOUSA, Roberta Maria de Moura; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800
This thesis had as main objective to analyze the process of management of CommunityBased Tourism (TBC) implanted in the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) and its relation with the communities of Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro do Tumbira, Santa Helena do Inglês, São Sebastião do Saracá, São Thomé, Santo Antônio do Lago do Tiririca and Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro do Acajatuba, located on the right bank of the RDS belonging to the municipality of Iranduba (AM) composing the Mosaic of Protected Areas of Lower Rio Negro, considering the performance of the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation (FAS) and the State. In order to answer the questions that caused us concern, it was necessary to elaborate a theoretical-methodological reference that would enable us to understand the observations made in the field through a dialogue with the theory. Given this, we seek to base the study on theories that deal with tourism articulating with the notion of the use of territory, space and place as a social aspect. From a qualitative perspective, this research was carried out based on descriptive, exploratory studies, through bibliographical survey, documentary analysis and field research, with observation, interviews, oral narratives, participatory workshops for tourism planning and the construction of mental maps. The results revealed that in each community surveyed there are difficulties in planning the TBC and this is perpetuated mainly by the actions of the State, with regard to public policies in interpreting tourism from the economic point of view, distancing it from its social and environmental commitments. Likewise, it was possible to observe that the FAS, furthermore, acts to the State of Amazonas the implementation of governmental policies and projects that contemplate the tourist development. Although it seeks new sustainable practices through TBC, it is linked to a political process alien to the principles of sustainability, and uses environmental discourse to integrate into society and minimize the conflicts and dissatisfactions of traditional communities, embodied in participatory management. In this direction, decision-making bodies in the field of tourism planning and management promote relations of power and dependence under the logic of the domination of financial capital. In addition, it is believed that the residents of RDS Rio Negro who recognize and identify themselves as "local people" feel excluded from the process of planning and managing tourism activities. On the other hand, they believe TBC is a potential vehicle for social transformation and as an alternative to nature conservation, social inclusion, in addition to being able to generate income for the locality. Finally, it was observed that the organizational form of tourism meets individual preferences, so there is no intention to promote development from a local perspective.