Navegando por Assunto "Santana - AP"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Educação ambiental: saberes e percepções socioambientais dos docentes de uma escola ribeirinha do Assentamento Agroextrativista do Anauerapucu, Santana-AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-25) GOMES, Raimunda Kelly Silva; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007
Understanding the teachers’ knowledge and conceptions on environmental education contributes to a holistic, social, and environmental vision in training of environmental educators in contemporary society. The study was developed at the State School Francisco Filho, an agricultural and extractive settlement from the village of Anauerapucu in Santana city in the state of Amapa. The intention was to reflect on the knowledge and environmental perceptions in a holistic and/or environmental theoretical perspective. The research was qualitative-quantitative approach, with a case study procedure, following the steps: 1) bibliographic survey; 2) direct observation; 3) documentary research of the projects and plans at the school; 4) semi-structured interviews with the teachers of all levels; 5) focus group sessions with all the teachers; and 6) analysis-quantitative of the data collected. Most of investigation subjects are young people, single; and have completed higher education. Among them, 10% have Lato Sensu specialization course, and for this reason, most of the teachers work at the second level of Elementary Education and/or high school. In spite of most of them work in a romantic/naturalist environmental perception, they are aware of the main local environmental problems, in other words, despite their fragmented view, they are careful about everyday students problems. Most teachers had difficulties to express their understanding about environmental education (EE). During the data collection, it was observed that teachers do not get to untie the notion of EE and environmental problems to the myth of unspoiled nature. Regarding the transversality of EE in the curriculum, interviews shows that teachers cannot conceptualize the EE. However, in the focus group sessions teachers demonstrated knowledge and methodological alternatives for teaching transversally EE in the curriculum. In this sense, we can say that the day-to-day knowledge acquired in teaching educational practice, are essential to perform EE in a holistic and socio-environmental way. Although, we know that one of the biggest challenges of EE, today, is to ensure the development of a curriculum based on an interdisciplinary, transversal, and problematizing perspective of the social-environmental reality in the educational process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo genotípico de Trypanosoma cruzi: epidemiologia e caracterização molecular de isolados do homem, triatomíneos e mamíferos silvestres do Pará, Amapá e Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) VALENTE, Vera da Costa; TEIXEIRA, Marta Maria Geraldes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067345143353691
The acute Chagas disease (ACD) is endemic in the Brazilian Amazon, and its main transmission route is oral, throughout family and multi-family outbreaks. This route is independent from the colonization of triatomine bugs in dwellings and its occurrence is regular, with mean rates of 100 cases per year and a lethality rate of 5%. The disease has a well-defined spatio-temporal distribution, which makes it a relevant public health concern in the states of Pará, Amapá and Amazonas. The existence of wild mammals and triatomine bugs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi inhabiting different terrestrial and arboreal ecotopes maintains an intense enzootic cycle all over the Amazon region. Molecular profiles of T. Cruzi lineages in the region are associated with mammal reservoirs (including humans), triatomine bugs, ecotopes and clinical manifestations. We analyzed four ACD outbreaks in the municipalities of Barcarena, Belém and Cachoeira do Arari on Pará State, and Santana on Amapá State, based on epidemiologic features (laboratory, parasitological and serological diagnoses, clinical manifestations and the reservoirs and wild triatomines related to the outbreaks). We also investigated the domestic and wild transmission cycles of T. cruzi in São Luis on Maranhão State, without the occurrence of ACD cases. This study comprised molecular genotyping of T. cruzi on the mini-exon gene of the isolates associated with both transmission cycles (humans, mammals and wild triatomine vectors). Parasitological diagnosis was confirmed in 63 patients with the following sensitivity rates: 41.3% (26/63) for the thick blood film method; 58.7% (37/63) for QBC; 79.4% (50/63) for xenodiagnosis; and 61.9% (39/63) for blood culture. The serological diagnosis of 2648 individuals by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was of 3.05% (81/2648), whereas the results of the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF) were 2.49% (66/2648) for IgG and 2.37% (63/2648) for IgM. All tests carried out in São Luís were negative. A total of 24 mammals, 13 Didelphis marsupialis, 1 Marmosa cinerea, 5 Philander opossum, 3 Metachirus nudicaudatus, 1 Oryzomys macconnelli, 1 Oecomys bicolor and 433 R. rattus were captured. The infection rate for T. cruzi was of 7.14% (29/404). A total of 3279 triatomine bugs were captured: T. rubrofasciata (n=3008) and infection rate (IR) of 30.46%, (39/128) and R. robustus (n=137) IR of 76% (79/104), R. pictipes (n=94), IR of 56.9% (49/86%) E. mucronatus (n=6) and P. geniculatus (n=12) IR of 50% and the other non-infected species R. neglectus (n=5) and P. lignarius (n=6). Palm trees were the main ecotopes for the wild triatomine bugs. S. martiana was infested with 47.41% (101/213) of the triatomines; Maximiliana regia, 35,21% (75/213); Orbgnya speciosa, 5.16% (11/213); Eleas melanoccoca), 1.87% (4/213); and Oenocarpus bacaba, 10.32% (22/213). Genotyping was carried out using 46 isolates of trypanosomes obtained from humans, 31 from wild mammals and 74 from samples of triatomine bugs. All isolates were characterized as belonging to the Tcl lineage. All human cases in Pará were characterized as positive by parasitological testing. Not all the cases in Santana were tested positive because of the delay on diagnosis, but they were defined as positive. Xenodiagnosis, blood culture and QBC® were more sensitive than the thick blood film. Serological examinations by IHA and IIF (IgG and IgM) presented an optimal sensitivity to detect acute cases in different moments of infection. Mammals (D. marsupialis) and wild triatomine bugs (R. pictipes and P. geniculatus) infected with high infection rates of T. cruzi in the patients’ peridomicile area account for the importance of these reservoirs in the transmission cycle of the ACD, and are associated with its transmission. Even though several genotypes of T. cruzi circulate in the Amazon Region, only the Tcl lineage was identified in the patients, mammals and triatomines investigated in this study. In São Luís, in spite of these having no record of human cases of ACD, it has a domestic cycle associated with the black rat and the triatomine bugs of the species T. rubrofasciata, as well as a sylvatic cycle associated with didelphids. The Tcl cycles circulate in both cycles. Studies with isolates of local T. cruzi using markers with a higher definition might help clarify the transmission cycles, transmission routes and the reservoirs involved in cases of ACD in the Amazon Region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) e suas implicações para a gestão da educacão na Rede Municipal de Educação de Santana/AP
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-24) NOGUEIRA, Heryka Cruz; GUTIERRES, Dalva Valente Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3309392796628506
This study analyses the Articulated Plan of Actions (PAR) and its implications for the educational management in the municipal network of Santana in the State of Amapá, with a view to analyze its effects in the democratization of the management, emphasizing the different conceptions of the management used in the sphere of municipal education, having as baseline the organization of the current education in a context permeated of changes in the administrative structure of the country, originated from the Reform Plan of the Brazilian State in the years of 1990, that propose actions of organization of the State and of management oriented to serve the expectations of a capitalist society. It is assumed that the democratic management of the education cannot be sight in an abstract way and, therefore, in the capitalist system the participation, the decentralization and the autonomy, that are constitutive elements of the democracy, they get contradictory nuances. It was used as methodology the documental analyze and the semi structured interview with the team manager of the municipal network of the education in Santana – Amapá –, the technical local Team of elaboration of the Articulated Plan of Actions (PAR), the participating of the Municipal Council of Education, the School Council, the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic School and Valorization of Professionals (FUNDEB) and School Director. The purpose was to analyze the Dimension School Management of PAR, focusing at the area “Democratic Management” from six indicators: existence of schools councils; existence; composition and operation of the Municipal Education Council; composition and operation of the School Meals Council; composition and operation of the Fund for Maintenance and Development of Basic School and Valorization of Professionals; criteria for the choice of the school director; and the existence and operation of the local committee of the All for Education Commitment. The results obtained put in evidence the historic fragility of the democratization of the education management in Santana City, because the mechanism that could permit the participation, the decentralization and the autonomy, that are the municipal education councils, they have been worked precariously. The criteria of choice of the directors exclude the democratic manners of participation of the school community, as the election for example, and they promote the centralized practices of appointment. The management of the financial resources of the education is centralized at the municipal government, turning the participation of the population in the social control more and more difficult. There was expansion of the number of school councils, which can ramp up the participation of individuals in the social control of the resources and other ways of decentralization of the decisions. It depends of the correlation of local forces historically permeated for patrimonial manners of management that get, with PAR, a manageralism nuance.