Navegando por Assunto "Sapajus spp"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de simetria por comparação de treinos de emparelhamento ao modelo sucessivo (go/no-go)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-16) PICANÇO, Carlos Rafael Fernandes; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Successive matching-to-sample (go/no-go) has been pointed out as an effective procedure to reduce stimulus control digressions in conditional relation training with non-humans. Other studies suggest the comparison between (symmetrical and non symetrical) conditional discrimination acquisition curves as a way to evaluate properties of equivalence relations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using both procedures above mentioned in evaluating the property of symmetry in four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp). Stimulus presentation, activation of devices, and response recording were automatically controlled by software. Subjects were maintained under conditions approved by IBAMA. By mean of an “ABAB” single subject design, the acquisition of symmetrical (A) and non-symmetrical (B) conditional discriminations were compared. In both Condition A and B, conditional relations A-B and B-A were simultaneously trained so that in every condition, four new arbitrary conditional discriminations (with new stimuli arbitrarily related) were presented. When symmetrical, positive combinations were A1-B1, A2 B2, B1-A1, and B2-A2, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A2 and B2 A1. When non-symmetrical, positive combinations were A1 B1, A2 B2, B1 A2, and B2 A1, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A1 e B2 A2. Two of the four subjects (Negão e Bongo) completed que acquisition of one (Bongo) or two (Negão) sets of conditional relations (Conditions A-symmetrical and B-non-symmetrical) for the evaluation of the viability of the procedure to verify the property of symmetry. Data demonstrate that the method here reported detected the presence of the property of symmetry in the conditional relations leraned by Negão and its absence in the conditional relations learned by Bongo. Data are inconclusive for the other two subjects. One detailed analysis of the performance of each subject and its measures is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da liberação de reforçadores durante o intervalo entre tentativas sobre desempenho no emparelhamento ao modelo com atraso em sapajus spp.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-10) LEAL, Tamyres Roberta Colares; ROCHA, Fernando Allan de Farias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882851981484245; BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9930065472602966
Studies with pigeons have shown that releasing reinforcers during the Intertrial Interval (ITI) on simple and conditional discrimination tasks can produce a drop on the stimulus control. In the case of conditional discrimination, the literature suggests that the conditions that deteriorate the performance involve the reinforcer’s release at the end or during all the ITI, in other words, when the reinforcer is released next to the beginning of a new trial. This study had the objective to investigate the effects of releasing of reinforcers during the ITI on the performance on the identity delayed-matching-to-sample task (DMTS) with three capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Each trial was initiated by presenting a sample stimulus; after the emission of five touches to the sample, it was initiated a delay and, at the end of the delay, comparison stimuli were presented so the choice response would occur. Correct responses were followed by the release of 190 mg banana’s pellet and by the ITI and incorrect responses were followed just by the ITI. The sessions were composed by trials with 1 s, 5 s, and 20 s delay and 30 s ITI. In order to study the effects of free reinforcer releasing , a 190 mg pellet was released also during the ITI, according to five conditions, which sequence was random and differed between subjetcs: Early – free reinforcer released 5 s after the beginning of the ITI; Middle – release 15 s after the beginning of the ITI; Late – release 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; All – release 5 s, 15 s and 25 s after the beginning of the ITI; and, None – there was no reinforcement release during the ITI. These conditions were applied in two procedures. On the first, named Maintenance, just one set of stimuli was used on all conditions of manipulation of reinforcement; on the second, named Acquisition, each ix condition presented a specific stimulus set. No effect of different conditions of free reinforcer releasing was observed on the general performance of the subjects. However, on the Acquisition procedure, it was verified a decay on the performance on the trials with maximum delay, 20 s, though the conditions of releasing reinforcement that affected the performance at these trials were different between the subjects. The result of one of the three subjects was similar to what was found on the literature, the deterioration on the performance on the trials with the longest delay, 20 s, occurred on the conditions in which the reinforcement was released at the end or during all the ITI. The other participants showed decay on the conditions in which there was no reinforcement during the ITI or when the release occurred at the beginning or end of the ITI. We suggest, for future researches, to test the same performances under the same conditions with new sets of stimuli seeking intra-subject replication and later to use trials with delays longer than the 20 s, according to the training history in different delays of each subject.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem da resposta de arrastar um cursor numa tela sensível ao toque em macacosprego (Sapajus spp.).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-07) SERIQUE, Igor Dias; MONTEIRO, Dionne Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4423219093583221; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Longlived animals have expressive motor development during life time. Fine movements are part of the adaptation to environmental needs. Movements improve with exercise while antecipation of obstacles and movement corrections are learned as a function of results obtained. With the new interactive computer technologies, the use of the touchscreen now requires a number of movements to accomplish tasks that involve the understanding of the stimulus presented and the relations among them. Studies on the manual skill and the use of tools in capuchin monkeys indicate that besides the touch the capuchin monkey would be able, for example, to "drag" stimuli between two conspicuous points on the screen after shaping of this response. This study is an original experience of teaching capuchins to drag stimuli to a target, a first step for later studies including targets and decoys. Four capuchins served as subjects (genera Sapajus spp.) of this study that aimed to verify whether capuchin monkeys would learn to drag stimuli on a "touchscreen". After the shapping of the response by differential reinforcement the subjects were trained to drag a circle presented in the center of the screen until reaching a gradually larger circle around it. Results showed that the drag response, including simple and conditional “drag to a target” can be used with these subjects, and will possibly allow a new generation of research on cognition and symbolic potential, allowing to teach new stimulus relations repertoires and emergent relations tests.