Navegando por Assunto "Saponinas"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alterações histológicas em fígados e linfonodos de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp.
(2010-09) RIVERO, Beatriz Riet Correa; CORREA, Franklin Riet; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; CERQUEIRA, Valíria Duarte; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa
Infiltration by foamy macrophages and other lesions are reported in healthy cattle held in Brachiaria spp. pastures. With the objective to study histologic lesions in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes in buffalo in the state of Pará, samples of liver and lymph nodes of 142 buffalo Murah and 15 Nelore cattle were studied histologically. The samples were collected in an slaughterhouse and divided into groups of animals according to their origin and period of grazing Brachiaria spp. pastures. Group (G) 1 consisted of 79 buffalo from Marajó Island, raised in native pastures free of Brachiaria spp.; G2 was composed of 17 buffalo kept since birth in Brachiaria brizantha pastures; G3 was composed of 29 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. decumbens pastures where they stayed for nearly 12 months; G4 consists of 17 buffalo purchased in Marajó Island and introduced in B. brizantha pastures where they stayed for nearly 18 months. G5 was composed of 15 Nelore cattle grazing B. brizantha during one year period. To assess the degree of liver injury, grades following a scale of 0 to 4 were established according to the quantity and size of groups of foamy macrophages. In G1, from the Marajó Island, there were no significant histological changes in liver and lymph nodes. Foamy macrophages and other lesions were observed in liver and lymph nodes of all samples from G1, G2, G3, and G4. The animals from G2 and G4, which remained a longer period in Brachiaria spp., showed more pronounced infiltration of foamy macrophages (P<0.05) than the animals of G3. Other lesions observed in the livers of these three groups were swollen, vacuolated or necrotic hepatocytes, mainly in the centrolobular region, and thickening of the Glisson's capsule with vacuolization and necrosis of subcapsular hepatocytes. These lesions were more pronounced in areas where exists higer infiltration of foamy macrophages. In cattle from G5 smaller groups of foamy macrophages were observed in the lymph nodes and were absent in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatic lesions observed in buffalo are caused by ingestion of Brachiaria spp. The presence of severe lesions in buffalo without clinical signs, much more severe than those observed and reported previously in cattle, as well as the low frequency of Brachiaria poisoning in buffalo grazing in Brachiaria spp. pastures, suggest that buffalo are resilient to Brachiaria spp. poisoning. In each group, there was no association between the weight at slaughter and the degree of lesion. It is also suggested that the observation of severe lesions of the liver, similar to those observed in this experiment, in animal that died from other diseases, can lead to a wrong diagnosis of Brachiaria poisoning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação lectino-histoquímica de fígado e linfonodo mesentérico de búfalos mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria spp.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) MIRANDA, Ileana Costa; RIVERO, Gabriela Riet Correa; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Carlos Alberto de; RIVERO, Beatriz Riet Correa; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas; COSTA, Samay Zillmann Rocha; D'AVILA, Mariana Sequeira; CID, Gabriela de Carvalho; FRANÇA, Ticiana do Nascimento
Animals grazing Brachiaria spp. commonly present foamy macrophages isolated or grouped in the liver, and crystals within biliary ducts. The pathogenesis of formation and the nature of the material stored in these cells however are not completely known. Through lectin histochemistry evaluation, steroidal saponins (secondary glycosylated metabolites) have been identified in the crystals and within the cytoplasm of the foam cells, which are probably liable for damaging the liver, leading to accumulation of phylloerythrin. This study aims to standardize and characterize the use of lectin histochemistry to detect glycosylated metabolites in tissues of buffaloes kept on different Brachiaria spp. pastures in Brazil. Fragments of liver and mesenteric lymph node from 40 buffaloes were analyzed: 10 buffaloes that were kept in predominant pasture of B. decumbens for 12 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept in pasture with a predominance of B. brizantha for 18 months; 10 buffaloes that were kept on pasture of B. brizantha for about four years; and as a negative control, 10 buffaloes that were maintained on native pasture without Brachiaria spp. since birth. Fourteen lectins were tested (Con-A, SBA, WGA, DBA, UEA, RCA, PNA, GSL-I, PSA, LCA, PHA-E, PHA-L, SJA and SWGA), in a total of 1120 evaluated samples. Previous studies demonstrated that PNA showed great binding reactivity for foamy macrophages in cattle and sheep. In the present study, SWGA showed high specificity and marked binding reactivity for foamy macrophages; WGA, GSL, PHA-E and PHA-L showed moderate to marked reactivity, but low specificity for foamy macrophages. The other lectins had not relevant reactivity or specificity. Moreover there was no relevant reactivity difference between the collected samplesd from buffaloes that grazed B. decumbens for 12 months and Brachiaria brizantha for 18 months. However the decreased presence of foamy macrophages and its lectin histochemical binding in animals that fed on B. brizantha for a longer time, indicates that the buffaloes can pass through an adaptation process according to the plant intake time. Lectin histochemistry analysis can be used to characterize the material stored in foamy macrophages present in liver and mesenteric lymph node of buffaloes that graze on Brachiaria spp. pastures and helps to clarify the pathogenesis of these cells.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotossensibilização em ovinos associada à ingestão de Brachiaria brizantha no estado do Pará
(2010-09) ALBERNAZ, Tatiane Teles; SILVEIRA, José Alcides Sarmento da; SILVA, Natália da Silva e; OLIVEIRA, Cairo Henrique Sousa de; REIS, Alessandra dos Santos Belo; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes
Two outbreaks of photosensitization by Brachiaria brizantha were studied and an experiment was performed in Santa Inês and Dorper crossbred sheep, two to three months old, on a farm in Santa Luzia do Pará municipality. These animals were kept from birth until about two months of age in a suspended stall floor, fed purple elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. purple), and had minerals and water ad libitum. After this period they were placed into a paddock of B. brizantha. At the time of the outbreaks and the experimental studies, the farm was visited for epidemiological assessment and clinical examination of the sheep, collection of blood samples for measurement of gamma glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Pasture samples were collected for saponin determination and count of Pithomyces chartarum spores. Necropsies with collection of material for histopathological studies were performed. Outbreak 1 occurred at the time of low rainfall, when the grass was scarce and mature, and morbidity and lethality was 43.4% and 81.6%, respectively. Outbreak 2 occurred at the beginning of the rainy season, with morbidity and lethality rates of 16.3% and 76.9%, respectively. From the 50 animals in the experiment, 10 received three times 200ml of rumen fluid taken from mother sheep of the same batch. The first of these administrations was given one day before the sheep were introduced into the pasture and the other two at weekly intervals. After 15 days in the pasture, the animals were unquiet, looked for shade, had edema of the ears, yellowish mucosae, were apathic, had anorexia and showed sloughing of the skin followed by crusting in some areas of the body. Both, the sheep of the outbreaks as those from the experiment, showed increased levels of GGT, AST, BD, BI, BT, urea and creatinine. In sheep which received ruminal fluid the values of urea and GGT were similar to those which did not receive the ruminal fluid. The creatinine, AST and bilirrubine values were lower in sheep that received the ruminal fluid. Two types of saponins, methylprotodioscin and protodioscin, were detected in the samples of B. brizantha from the outbreaks and the experiment. The level of saponins in Outbreak 1 and 2 was 0.92% and 0.88% respectively. The levels of saponins in the experiment ranged from 1.13% to 1.62%. The numbers of spores of Pithomyces chartarum in both outbreaks and in the experiment were negligible. At necropsy there was widespread jaundice, the liver was brown-yellow with marked lobular pattern and increased consistency and the kidneys were enlarged yellowish-green. Histological changes occurred mainly in the liver and consisted of mild proliferation of bile ducts in portal tracts, presence of binucleate hepatocytes, foamy macrophages, necrosis of isolated hepatocytes, cholangitis, presence of crystals in hepatocytes and macrophages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fotossensibilização hepatógena em eqüinos pela ingestão de Brachiaria humidicola (Gramineae) no estado do Pará
(2006-09) BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; PEIXOTO, Paulo Fernando de Vargas
Data on the clinical-pathological aspects and on the epidemioloy of a disease in horses, characterized by phototsensitization, which occurs in northeastern of Pará, Brazil, are presented. Of a total of 40 horses examined clinically, post-mortem examination was performed on seven. Due to the characteristic lesions found on the non-pigmented skin, the macroscopic and histological alterations in the liver, and knowing that Brachiaria grasses contain saponins with toxic properties, which cause liver lesions and photosensitization in cattle and sheep, it is concluded that this disease in horses is caused by grassing exclusively Brachiaria humidicola.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção e caracterização da raiz pulverizada da espécie entada polyphylla benth visando aplicação tecnológica em produto sapônico bioecológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-09) JESUS, Mário Lucivaldo Barreto de; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-1461-7306; ALVES, Cláudio Nahum; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8315600067791313; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-4229
This study focuses on the physicochemical characterization of the pulverized roots of Entada polyphylla Benth, commonly known as gipioca, aiming at its application in the development of a bioecological soap product, the “vegetable soap.” This Amazonian species is rich in saponins, compounds with bioactive properties including antioxidant, surfactant, and emulsifying actions, as well as cytotoxic potential. Samples were collected from three locations in the municipality of Acará, Pará, identified at the Embrapa herbarium (NID 51/2023), and subjected to physicochemical and biological analyses. Results revealed 75.92% antioxidant compounds, 17.26% total saponins, 20.32% moisture, and 12.28% tannins, highlighting the plant's potential as a source of amphiphilic and bioactive compounds. Saponin extraction was performed via sustainable water maceration, avoiding the use of harmful chemical solvents. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the pulverized material generates significant foam upon contact with water, confirming its surfactant properties and suitability for cleaning applications. The developed product was patented (BR 102024016942 5) and presented at scientific events, such as the SBPC, where it was recognized for its innovation and alignment with circular economy principles. The study also assessed the biological activity of saponins through cytotoxicity assays on tumor cell lines (AGP01, A-549, SK-MEL 19) and a non-neoplastic cell line (MRC5). Results indicated selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of the extract. In addition to promoting sustainable technological solutions, the study contributes to the valorization of regional biodiversity and offers socioeconomic benefits to riverside communities, including job creation and income generation through sustainable resource management. This research expands the understanding of Amazonian legumes’ chemistry, particularly the bioactive properties of saponins, and underscores their potential as substitutes for synthetic surfactants in industries such as cosmetics, therapeutic products, and cleaning agents. It is concluded that Entada polyphylla is a promising source of natural bioactives, with technological applications that integrate innovation, socioeconomic development, and environmental preservation.