Navegando por Assunto "Seca"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emigrados do sertão: secas e deslocamentos populacionais Ceará-Piauí (1877-1891)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-28) SILVA, Márcio Douglas de Carvalho e; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957
In the second half of the 19th century, some provinces in the North of the Brazilian Empire faced successive droughts, which caused the migration of the population residing in the affected areas to others where it was believed that there were resources that would enable survival. In 1877, a drought began in Ceará that lasted until 1879. At the end of the 1880s, the phenomenon once again visited Ceará, leaving its visible marks, mainly in 1888 and 1889. great was the displacement of men and women from Ceará to other Brazilian provinces, including the neighboring one, Piauí, which to a certain extent was already affected by drought in the form of a climatic phenomenon, starting to experience it as a social product. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the migration of people from Ceará to Piauí, between the years 1877 and 1891, considering these displacements an act of protagonism by men and women, poor and rich, who undertook the migratory journeys as a possibility of overcoming the difficulties imposed by the dry in its place of origin, choosing Piauí as route and also destination. As a basis for the time frame, the year in which the flow of people from Ceará became more intense towards the neighboring province, until the beginning of the 1890s, when welfare practices were still carried out through public assistance, and it was already possible to find people from Ceará constituting new families in Piauí. Among the sources defined for carrying out the research, there are the different newspapers published in Piauí and Ceará, as well as reports, messages, speeches, minutes, as well as letters and other documents from the Public Aid Commission. Thus, this thesis investigates the fact that, in addition to the migratory flows that occurred in the 19th century, already known in historiography, there were other migrant destinations undertaken by people from Ceará, including Piauí, which was also affected by droughts, seen as a receiving pole, either for those who were destined for that region, as it offered better conditions for survival than Ceará, or for those who were trying to cross to Maranhão and Pará. Because it was intense at many times, migration brought to Piauí the worsening of the consequences of the drought, requiring measures to combat its effects by the local government, which established the Public Aid Commissions, promoting welfare and moving part of the migrants to the fronts of work, either in public works or in Colonial Nuclei. Upon arriving in Piauí, migrants almost always found it difficult to survive, however, many managed to settle in that region and did not return to Ceará after the end of the drought. In this way, the thesis of the importance of Piauí in the migratory contexts of the 19th century is defended, as a receiving space for migrants from Ceará and a generator of multiple social experiences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo observacional sobre os eventos de seca meteorológica e hidrológica na região de Marabá-PA no sudeste da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) CHAVES, Patrícia Malcher; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
The objective of the present work is to investigate observational aspects of the meteorological and hydrological drought in the region of Marabá located in the southeast of Pará in eastern Amazon. We used precipitation and river stream monthly data for the 1971 to 2010 period. The meteorological drought events were selected from categories of the negative values based on methodology of the precipitation anomaly index-IAC. The hydrological drought events were selected from fluviometric data below normal based on standardized anomaly index. For the meteorological drought conditions, the events are concentrated mostly in the categories of Weak drought (FRA) and Moderate (MOD), with higher frequency of FRA events in February (38%), June (37%) and December (34%), while the MOD events are more frequent in August (39%), September (42%) and October (32%). For the hydrological drought events of the Tocantins River, the results show that the monthly occurrence of events is random and can be observed throughout the year, so that the duration of the events present no regularity over the period studied. The dynamic structure associated with meteorological and hydrological drought are related to a large-scale pattern of El Niño in the equatorial Pacific and warmer conditions in the tropical north Atlantic, whose large-scale ocean-atmospheric conditions present intensification in both the atmospheric descending branch of the zonal Walker cell and meridional Hadley cell, which induce significant inhibition of tropical convective activity, thus explaining the occurrence of drought events in the region. Furthermore, it was analyzed the relationship between the drought events and vegetation fires (burning) points in the Marabá region during years 2000 to 2009, and the correlation of around 43% confirms the synergy between drought and fire, ie, the forest becomes more flammable under conditions of hydric deficit.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema regional de monitoramento de seca.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-01) PEDROSA, João Paulo da Costa; MORAES, Bergson Cavalcanti de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8462634544908052
Drought is a natural phenomenon of meteorological origin, due to a precipitation deficit, which is verified every year in different regions of the globe, being therefore a recurring feature of the climate and not a rare occurrence. A drought situation can result in a natural disaster if there is no local resilience as a capacity for managing water resources to minimize their adverse effects. In many regions, as in developing countries, the consequences of droughts reach such a magnitude that they are often classified as catastrophic, causing famine, deaths and population exoduses. Considering this problem, the present study adapted a physical-mathematical model for the local conditions able to monitor drought based on the Palmer Drought Severity Index (ISSP) through changes in latitude, field capacity, water balance of Thornthwaite and the data of the files needed to calculate the index. The model used precipitation and air temperature data from 1987 to 2014. The model also had to be compiled for the C ++ language. We obtained as an answer an index with better reliability by the fact of using data with high resolution and more representative for the Amazon region.