Navegando por Assunto "Sedimentos lacustres"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise faciológica da formação Codó (Aptiano superior) na Região de Codó (MA), leste da Bacia do Grajaú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-09-11) PAZ, Jackson Douglas Silva da; ROSSETTI, Dilce de Fátima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0307721738107549
The Codó Formation, focused in this paper, is exposed in the adjacencies of Codó town, eastern Maranhão State, where it consists of intergraded shales, limestones and evaporites, laterally continuous, forming shoaling-upward successions averaging 2.5 m in thickness. Sedimentological features, the abundance of freshwater ostracodes and Charophyte algae, as well as the absence of any marine fauna, characterize this unit as a dominantly lacustrine unit, which can be described by three broad facies associations, attributed to: 1. central lake; 2. transitional lake; and 3, marginal lake. The central lake facies association represents the base of the shoaling upward successions and consists of two facies: a) black shale; and b) evaporite. The dominance of shale beds in this association indicates sedimentation in low energy depositional settings, typical of central lake areas, where the abundance of pyrite and the bituminous composition point to highly reducing conditions. The scarcity of infauna is indicated by the complete absence of bioturbation, which is consistent with anoxia. The evaporite facies point to a highly saline lake setting. The transitional facies association consists of: a)laminated argillite; hb)lime- mudstone; c)peloidal limestone (mudstone to packstone); and d)meso-crystalline limestone. These deposits, between central lake and marginal lake facies associations, own in the middle portion of the shoaling upward cycles, consistent with a transitional lacustrine setting. The marginal lake facies association represents the top of the shoaling upward successions and consists of a variety of intergrading lithofacies: ajmassive pelite; b)calcite-arenite; Cc) ostracodal limestone (wackestone to grainstone); d) pisoidal limestone (packstone) ; e)gipsite-arenite; £f) tuffa; and 9) rhythmite. These deposits show an abundance of sedimentary features (i.e., paleosoil, karstic surface, fenestrae) typical of subaerial and/or meteoric exposure, which is consistent with their interpretation as marginal lake deposits. A lacustrine facies model with ramp margin and low energy flow is proposed for the study area, taking into account the following characteristics: 1) low rates of sediment supply; 2) presence of areas with low relief around the lacustrine basin; 3) abundance of sedimentary features recording episodes of subaerial and/or meteoric exposure; and 4) prevalence of marginal facies. This interpretation is further suggested by: 1) the small thickness of the depositional cycles, which is attributed to decreased accommodation; 2) absence of turbiditic deposits, which are typical in lacustrine settings with pronounced slope break; and 3) absence of resedimented deposits, which are also common in bench margin lacustrine settings. The abundance of black shales and evaporites suggests a hydrologically closed lacustrine basin with stratified and saline water column for the study area. The depositonal cycles identified reveal a regressive character for this lacustrine succession. Three types of cycles were recognized: 1) complete shoaling-upward cycle; 2) incomplete shoaling-upward cycle; and 3) flooding-upward cycle. The origin of these cycles is attributed to tectonism, based on the assymetrical vertical stacking pattern. This interpretation is corroborated by the presence of sin- sedimentary deformational features related to sin- depositional sismic activity. The faciological, palaeontological and geochemical data presented in this work suggested on show that the Late Aptian marine transgression recorded in the northern portion of the São Luís-Grajaú Basin did not reach the Codó area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução geoquímica das crostas lateríticas e dos sedimentos sobrepostos na estrutura de Seis Lagos (Amazonas)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-03-19) CORREA, Sandra Lia de Almeida; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The study of the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the lateritic crusts and the overlying sediment in the structure of Seis Lagos (Amazonas State) has been based on the analyses of samples from the surface lateritic crusts and from three boreholes as well. In the chemical characterization of the examined material, it has been used both classic and spectroanalytic methods, while in the mineralogical characterization, x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (DTA and DTG) have been employed. Energy dispersive system analyses (EDS) have been performed and applied to the micromorphologic study of the crusts and sediments from the Esperança Basin. In siderite samples, it has been determined 13C and 18O isotopic contents as well as the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios. The Rb/Sr method has been used in an attempt to date whole samples and siderites from the carbonatic breccias. The textural, mineralogical and geochemical features observed, both in the surface crusts and in the profile of the borehole number 1, point to a lateritic origen for those materials. The carbonatitic signature of the crusts is indicated by typical minerals of carbonatites and associated rocks such as ilmenorutile, Nb-rutile, Nb-brookite, pyrochlore and monazite, which are resistant to lateritic processes; by high and anomalous contents of Nb, REE, as well as, Mn, Th, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Mo and Be. The profile of the borehole number 3 is arranged in well distinct horizons, what is characteristic of lateritic profiles, shows chemical and mineralogical compositions indicative of a lateritic derivation from aluminosilicatic iron-poor rocks, as those of the wall rocks (granites and gneisses) of Seis Lagos. The sediments of the Esperança Basin show evidence of being derived from the different horizons which make up the lateritic profiles, with a significant vegetable- and animal-derived organic contribution. The materials which constitute the carbonatic breccia are thought to be originated from lateritic ferruginous crust due to the existing geochemical similarities among them, to the presence of resistate minerais of the ferruginous crust and to the presence of essentially iron-bearing minerais, typical of sedimentary-diagenetic environment, such as pyrite and siderite. The carbonaceous clay proved to be derived from lateritic clayey horizons, as those of the profile of the borehole 3, and the deposition of this layer took place in a moment of lower subsidence rate in the Esperança Basin, when the ferruginous crust, positioned at higher levels, were being eroded and the cayey horizons were exposed. The sapropelite layer indicates, considering its large thickness, that a development of a long-lasting acid and reducing environment might have taken place; its chemical and mineralogical composition received contributions from latentes, mainly from the clayey horizons; and the pyrite formation has been the sanie of that of the carbonatic breccia. The beige-colored clay bed, as it is indicated by its chemical and mineralogical composition, was also formed by clayey-horizons material. In the carbonatic breccia of the Esperança Basin, typical caxbonatite minerals have not been found, except for the resistates (ilmenorutile, Nb-rutile, Nb-brookite, pyrochlore and monazite) and siderite, where the last one is not a common constituent of those rocks. Lateritic minerals, however, such as gibbsite and those of the crandallite group have been found. The geochemical filiation reported among crusts, carbonatic breccias, clay/sapropelite and clayey lateritic horizons is noteworthy. The nonalignment of the points plotted in isochronic diagram (87Rb/86Sr vs. "Sr/"Sr), obtained either from the whole sample or the individual siderite analyses of the carbonatic breccia are not compatible with homogenous rocks, as it would be expected for carbonatites, although they are with the thick sedimentary pile. The mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data demonstrate that the carbonatic breccia composition does not correspond to that of the carbonatites and thus the sediments of the Esperança Basin, including the carbonatic breccia, might have had the various horizons of the lateritic profiles as their source, where the ferruginous crust might have largely been the source for the sediments of the base of column (probably the basal portion of the basin) as well as the clayey horizons of the upper beds might have been. This made possible that, along all the extension of the stratigraphic column, the geochemical signature of the carbonatitic source rock, from which the laterites were generated, was transferred to the sedimentary rocks as well as it was also preserved in the laterites.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção de genomas bacterianos a partir de dados metagenômicos da usina hidrelétrica de Tucuruí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09) PADILHA, Marcos Daniel Mendes; GRAÇAS, Diego Assis das; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945468865634432; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5059-4316
Tucuruí is the second largest Brazilian Hydroelectric Power Plant, the artificial lake in the municipality of Tucuruí has altered the ecosystem of the region. Many free-living microorganisms responsible for biomass degradation, organic matter decomposition, biogeochemical cycles, some of clinical interest, are adapted to live in the lake reservoir. This research aims to obtain bacterial genomes by metagenomic data and identify functional profiles and microbial metabolisms in the lake. Water and sediment samples were collected in the lake of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant in the photic, aphotic and sedimentary layers of the station upstream of the new division. After filtering through a nitrocellulose membrane, the DNA samples were extracted. Total metagenome sequencing was performed on the Ion ProtonTM platform. Megahit was used to assemble the metagenomes. ORFs were predicted using Prodigal and BUSCO was used for the quantification of completeness metrics for comparative evaluation of single-copy universal orthologues. Genomes assembled into metagenomes were classified in the databases. The phyla were defined at the genus and species level, where a diverse and extremely conserved microbiota was found. The functional profile of the metagenomes found corroborated with other studies of metagenomes of oligotrophic lakes, demonstrating high biochemical, conserved and diverse activity, being a pioneering study when assembling the first metagenomes of samples from the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant.