Navegando por Assunto "Sensoriamento Remoto"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cidades resilientes, áreas verdes e adaptação às mudanças climáticas: uma contribuição ao cadastro ambiental urbano no município de Barcarena–Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-06) PAIVA, Bárbara Souza; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446474471044694; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-2429; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-4335
This research aims to contribute to the discussion on resilient cities adapted to climate change in the face of global warming and El Niño. In this context, a strategic resource for addressing this reality is the use of green areas as nature-based solutions, due to their environmental and social benefits. This study analyzes land use planning, vegetation, alignment of environmental policies, the municipal Master Plan, the institutionalization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 11, 13, and 15), and adaptation to the New Urban Agenda adopted by the management of the municipality of Barcarena, PA. To do so, a methodology of systematic literature review was employed on urban planning, environmental management, green areas, nature-based solutions, environmental legislation, global and local agendas, and the theme of resilient cities in adaptation and mitigation to climate change. In order to understand the territory, the study produced primary data through the mapping of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) in the thirty neighborhoods of the municipality and its surroundings (approximately 3 km) between 2016 and 2023. Remote sensing techniques and geoprocessing were used, processed in Google Earth Engine and QGIS software for spatial analysis, statistics, cartographic productions, graphs, and area calculations. Current urbanized area data show that vegetation has decreased and occupies 144.56 km2 (54% of the total area). Hydrography remained stable at 57.48 km2 (representing 22% of the total). Exposed soil increased to 26.22 km2 (10%). The urbanized area grew and occupies 17.62 km2 (7%). The current industrial-mining-port complex covers 18 km2 (7%). Regarding the 30 neighborhoods, current data shows that vegetation has decreased and occupies 21.36 km2 (41.51% of the total area). The urbanized area expanded and occupies 18.94 km2 (36.80%). Exposed soil increased to 11.15 km2 (21.67%). Meanwhile, hydrography remained unchanged at 0.01 km2 (0.02%). The study reveals a Vegetation Coverage Index (VCI) of 10.97%, indicating a decline in greenery, and low thermal comfort with the Vegetation Coverage Heat Index (VCHI) at around 9.66 m2/inhabitant, has heat islands. The research proposes as a product: data, maps, and methodology for the elaboration of the Urban Environmental Registry, to contribute to the alignment of municipal management with the State Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation and with the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. It aims to be a tool to aid in future environmental zoning and the next Master Plan Review, with actions focused on the city's resilience, in the face of worsening climate crisis, aiming to contribute to the promotion of urban environmental quality and quality of life, for local sustainable development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos manguezais degradados da costa oeste da Flórida durante os últimos 20 anos baseado em imagens de satélite e dados Lidar.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-31) CARDENAS RUIZ, Diana Paola; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
The Gulf of Mexico presents one of the longest mangrove belts in southern Florida. This continuous mangrove strip has an approximate area of 2200 km2. Natural stressors such as hurricanes, storms, and other anthropogenic factors such as oil spills or pollution can trigger the dieback of the mangrove on the southwest coast of Florida. The dieback of the mangrove refers to the phenomenon where the mangrove forests experience a loss in the canopy that can lead to the decline or death of the trees. The effects of the dieback occasionally leave a scar of degradation in the mangrove forest. In the last century, with urban development in southwest Florida, the adverse effects of dieback seem to be gaining permanence. The present study identified the possible causes of the permanence of mangrove degradation associated with dieback over the last two decades. To identify these causes, the following methodology was used: a) classification of vegetation cover along the west coast of Florida, b) identification of dieback points in high-resolution satellite images, c) spatiotemporal analysis of dieback areas, and d) digital models of surface elevation and vegetation height. 86 dieback points (PD) were found grouped into 6 regions: Crawl Key, Key West, Marco Island, Pine Island, Charlotte, and Terra Ceia. 75% of the PD appeared between 2004 and 2007, coinciding with hurricane activity. In 2020, the total dieback area in southwest Florida was 119,69 ha. For the periods of 2014-2016 and 2009-2011, the areas of dieback recorded values of 116,47 and 127,89 ha, respectively, evidencing a dynamic of regeneration and degradation. The digital terrain models for Pine Island and Marco Island showed changes in the height of the tidal flat with variations between -2 to 45 cm. These variations may be linked to sedimentation processes, dissolution of carbonates in the tidal flat, or peat collapse associated with the mangrove soil. The mangrove trees reduced their height after the passage of hurricanes, particularly in the PD. Even though the PD showed regeneration, this process was slow, leaving a scar exposed to the tidal flat. This study revealed a direct relationship between hurricanes and the appearance of dieback.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prototipagem de sistema de alarme de incêndio baseado em sensor nanoestruturado integrado a IoT
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-29) FREITAS, Luís Gustavo Oliveira de; REIS, Marcos Allan Leite dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8252507933374637
The improvement of remote sensing systems for the detection of forest fires or industrial plants is fundamental to the development of industry 4.0, and it is becoming increasingly important for many countries where forest fires occur frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to design and explore a device that has a quick response, that has remote monitoring in real time and can generate warning signs that precede major fires in indoor (indoor) and outdoor (outdoor) environments, this nanostructured sensor based on buckypaper that it consists of carbon nanotube films and has thermal sensitivities that can be measured in short response times. In the prototyping of the fire alert sensor, thermal tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness. Furthermore, it was integrated with IoT (Internet of Things) using the NodeMCU architecture together with the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol, thus enabling the sending of the alert message to the end user through an Android application. Preliminary results show that this nanostructured sensor can be effective at distances of less than 1 meter from the fire source, for example at 20 cm, generating a thermovoltage of 2.3 mV over 80 seconds with a heat source at 240 ° C. This work shows the entire development process of this prototype with real-time monitoring with the function of issuing an early fire alert.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A resiliênca dos manguezais do estuário do rio Ceará Mirim-RN às intervenções humanas.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) AQUINO, Ronaldo Darlan Gaspar; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
Mangroves are recognized for being extremely sensitive to changes in the physical and chemical environment and are widely used as indicators of changes in climate, sea level, and human interference. The study area comprises the mouth of the Ceará-Mirim/RN River, located on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in northeastern Brazil. This area has a history of mangrove deforestation for implementing shrimp farming. This study aims to analyze the mangrove dynamics from 1985 to 2020. The research uses orbital remote sensing and drone images to develop a spatial-temporal analysis. The data indicates that despite the expansion of aquaculture activity from 46 ha to 183.47 ha considering active and inactive tanks, there was an increase in mangrove areas from 351 to 489 ha. Over the 35 years, aquaculture activity has mainly occupied flooded fields and apicum regions and occasionally some areas have been converted from mangrove areas. However, the expansion in mangrove areas was mostly due to the abandonment of aquaculture, which before 1985 suppressed mangroves to construct ponds. Despite severe anthropogenic interference in this delicate ecosystem, these forests have shown great resilience by recolonizing their tidal flats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema de informações geográficas aplicado à gestão da bacia do Caeté – nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-26) ROCHA, Mariano Araujo Bernardino da; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
The northeastern of Pará state is one of primal centers of people and products convergence in this state. It contains the highest concentration of urban centers, and is a zone of intense agricultural activity with an advanced process of deforestation. The need for greater knowledge about of the watershed is evident, mostly because for they constitutes planning and implementation unites for a public policies, subsidized by studies, which transcends the scope of purely scientific. In Caeté watershed, located in the NE of the state, agricultural and livestock activities have been practiced with major intensity since the beginning of the century XX, which causes an environmental degradation. The primal objective of this study was an organization of a geographic database with focus on physical environment to add to an environmental diagnoses and the management of this watershed. Using the techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing for the multitemporal analysis of use and cover of the land; the integration of this with different components of the physical environment (geology, geomorphology, pedology, precipitation, hydrometers and sedimentology); elaboration of maps of agricultural suitability of the lands and natural soil loss vulnerability and building a geodatabase. The morphometric analysis of the basin showed a low probability floods due to: the elongated shape of the basin; 57.6% of its area has flat topography; 50.1% of the basin have dispersive forms of the land. The analysis of the flow, in m³/s, using the Doppler effect (ADCP) showed values of 8.06 in the Arraial do Caeté station, 34.14 in the Tentugal station and 87.45 in the Nova Mocajuba station, for the month of June, while, for the month of September, the flow was 2.79 in the Arraial do Caeté station, 12.09 in the Tentugal station and 33.72 in the Nova Mocajuba station. The calculation of precipitation based on an interpolation of the stations Primavera, Capanema, Nova Timboteua, Ourém, Santa Luzia do Pará and Emboraí showed larger concentration in the mid-north portion of the basin, which presents rainfall between 400 and 450 mm/month. From the integrated analysis of the data of flow and precipitation is observed that the highest values of flow and precipitation occur in forested areas, while the lowest values are observed in areas with large amounts of exposed soil. This occurrence is because the flow tends to be less in upstream direction and in this portion of the basin is where founded a most propitious relief for agricultural practices which had been developed with major intensity during the process of occupation of the watershed. The permanent preservation areas occupy 4.6% of the basin and of these 37.8% is in disagreement with current environmental legislation. The increase identified in the vegetation index (NDVI) for the past 10 years, demonstrated a direct relationship with rainfall during the drier seasons. The watershed showed homogeneity in relation to agricultural suitability. It was observed that the main restricting factor at the management B was the fertility deficiency. In concerning of loss of soil natural vulnerability it was observed that the watershed in question is fairly stable, showing predominant values of vulnerability between 1.8 to 2.2. The generation of the database allowed the analysis of the maps produced and the concerned areas could be observed in more detail. Thus, the data will be available to the society to be used for the benefit of development of the region and with the possibility of update the data as new knowledge and technologies are acquired.