Navegando por Assunto "Sewage"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação comparativa entre a estimativa do impacto gerado por efluentes domésticos de assentamentos espontâneos e de ocupação formal na bacia do Tucunduba em Belém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-04-18) MEIRA, Rose Caldas de Souza; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The aim of this research is to present a comparative evaluation of environmental damage produced by different housing contexts whithin the same urban space, in a district of Belém municipality, called Guamá, one represents a formal context José Bonifácio Av., and other represents the informally produced space Riacho Doce community. This evaluation has taken into account the following features, namely: per capita consumption of water, per capita consumption of sewage, universality and equality of the provision of sanitation services (water supply, sewage), charging for water supply, quality and accessibility of services, housing context, socio-environmental features, in order to characterize the population living in those referred areas and finally to estimate the organic charge (Tonne / day) and the flux of effluents generated in spontaneous settlements and in a consolidated urban area, with the aim of identifying which housing context presents greater potential for impact in terms of flow generation and organic charge on effluents receiving basin, in this case the Tucunduba basin. Although the results are relatively close values, in the area of the Riacho Doce the flux of sewage is estimated as 44,38 m3/ day and organic charge is estimated as 13,31 Kg of DBO/day, whereas in the area of the José Bonifácio the flux of sewage is estimated as 43,06 m3/day and organic charge is estimated as Kg of DBO /day. It was possible to verify from results, that there are differences between the environmental impacts yield by the two areas above referred on the receiving basin of river Tucunduba, being that the environmental impact generated by Riacho Doce, where the population remains in contact with the effluent and under a greater sanitary vulnerability, since that effluents of Jose Bonifacio Av. are guided by drainage system and its organic charge is diluted by flux of rainwater to reach Tucunduba River (removing the contamination of its source) while the effluents from Riacho Doce are launched in natura directely below houses and in Tucunduba River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Infra-estrutura de esgoto sanitário no município de Belém: cobrança por serviços de esgotamento sanitário nas bacias hidrográficas do Reduto e do Una
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-28) LIMA, Mara Líbia Viana de; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548
The payment for sewerage services in Brazil is generally assessed in terms of tarifs which are calculated over a proportion of water consumption, and employed to improve operation and maintenance services of collection and sewerage treatment, as well as a source of funds for the provision of that important infrastructure provision. The percentage of that proportion varies from company to company depending on the sewerage volume gerated after the water consumption is measured. Such criteria on the payment has been indirectly related over the degree of use done by each user, according with a percentage of water comsumption, which should correspond to the real contribution of sewerage to collecting networks. On the other hand, there is not a clear understanding of which factors interfere on the sewerge charging and how such factors can interfere on the assessment of charges for the use of sewerage, what brought into question its legitimacy, since not all water that was used returns to the environment as sewerage. The study on this dissertation aims at identifing which factors and how can interfere on the seewrage charging. In the study urban, technical and environmental indicators are used to analyse the reality of urban districts located on the urban basins of Reduto and Una in Belém, state of Pará in Brazil. For analysing those factors, data from the charging structure from the state company, related with the sewerage services, were associtated with urbanistic indicators adopted in the urban planning in Belem. The results sustain the role of influence of factors indentified in the study in the form of charging for sewerage , which are related with the contribution of sewerage, related with the contribution of the system for the treatment of water and charging for water consumption and not sustaining in terms of land use and intensity of occupation.