Navegando por Assunto "Sexually Transmitted Diseases"

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Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: o imaginário de remanescentes de quilombos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-29) SOUZA, Isis Tarcila Vital de; CARVALHO, Jacira Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9434086419077532; CASTRO, Nádile Juliane Costa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532971599666350; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-5106
Currently, quilombola communities in Brazil are multiple and are distributed throughout the national territory, in the North there are 873 quilombola communities an important milestone in history, is that, the first community to receive the title is located in the State of Pará. Historically the communities they suffer from a lack of infrastructure, precarious access to health, education, and basic sanitation, revealing that this group lives in a situation of vulnerability, the result of a historical process of slavery. In this respect, the vulnerability of these populations is recognized, considering the preventive and assistance difficulties with regard to Sexually Transmitted Infections. These infections are caused by different types of microorganisms with very specific clinical evolution and expressions. Being transmitted, above all, by direct or indirect sexual contact and occasionally by blood. The aim of this study was to know the imagery / perception of quilombos remnants regarding sexually transmitted infections. This is a qualitative study with information obtained from semi-structured interviews and the data analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. From the result it became possible to group the discourses of the residents of the community that remains from quilombos of ItacoãMirim about sexually transmitted infections in four categories: 1) Discourse on the perception of what is Sexually Transmitted Infection. 2) Speech about transmission. 3) Discourse on prevention. 4) Discourse on treatment. It is believed that the present study made an important contribution to nursing, since it brought evidence that subsidizes care aimed at the remaining quilombo community and its imagery regarding the Ists exhibiting their risky behaviors and attitudes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Preditores da sífilis gestacional em um estado da Amazônia brasileira: um estudo de caso e controle
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-03) UCHÔA, Thais Lopes do Amaral; FERREIRA, Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7459094802051187; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-4950; ARAÚJO, Eliete da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5906453187927460
Introduction: Advances in public policies aimed at maternal and child care implemented in Brazil in recent decades have not yet had an impact on reducing gestational syphilis and, especially, congenital syphilis. In Pará, there is still a high number of cases of gestational syphilis detected in childbirth and puerperium. The factors that relate to the maintenance of this context are unknown. Objective: To determine the predictors of gestational syphilis in a state in the Brazilian Amazon region. Methods: Unpaired case-control study, carried out in a public reference maternity hospital in Pará. Data were collected from November 2020 to July 2021, from the application of the form, analysis of the pregnant woman's card and medical records. Women diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy, childbirth or puerperium were considered as cases. Controls were women without a diagnosis of syphilis in the pregnancy puerperal cycle. The response variable was the diagnosis or not of gestational syphilis, the event being considered the diagnosis of gestational syphilis in the prenatal, delivery or postpartum period. Independent variables were grouped into: a) sociodemographic; b) gynecological and obstetric by two (02) categorical variables and five (05) discrete variables; c) sexual and obstetric practices by eight (08) categorical variables; d) knowledge is composed of fifteen (15) categorical variables and e) Attitudes is composed of six (06) categorical variables. The sample size, calculated using the Kelsey method, was 204 participants, 68 cases and 136 controls. To test the main hypothesis of the study, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. In the Bioestat 5.3® program, the chi-square test of independence, tendency and G test were applied. In the Minitab 20® program, descriptive analyzes and logistic regression were performed. Odds ratio, 95% confidence interval was calculated. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 68 cases and 137 controls, age ranged from 15 to 41 years, mean age was 26.1 years (SD: 6.2). In the multiple logistic regression, the cases are independently associated with the lowest number of prenatal consultations (OR: 0.82; p = 0.02), history of previous STI (OR: 24.8; p = 0.00 ), spontaneous abortion (OR: 2.86; p = 0.025) and difficulty in talking with the partner about the use of sexual condoms in relationships (OR: 4.43; p = 0.00). Among the factors of knowledge and attitudes, cases were associated with knowledge about vertical transmission (OD: 0.24; p= 0.019), treatment with penicillin (OD: 0.47; p= 0.023) and on the availability of treatment in basic health units (OD: 0.14; p= 0.014). However, they are associated with the lack of knowledge about the lack of vaccine (OD: 1.94; p= 0.04). The analysis of variables related to attitudes showed an association of cases (OD: 2.40; p= 0.016) with inadequate attitude about the beginning of prenatal care. There is an increase in reactive cases from the 1st trimester to the puerperium with p < 0.0001, with the highest significant proportions of reactive cases during delivery and postpartum. Conclusion: gynecological-obstetric factors, sexual and reproductive practices and knowledge are associated with gestational syphilis. In a population with precarious socioeconomic conditions, no association of these factors was demonstrated. Actions for monitoring and evaluating prenatal care are urgent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prevalência de Chlamydia trachomatis e fatores de vulnerabilidade associados em uma população ribeirinha da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-20) GALVÃO, José Jorge da Silva; FERREIRA, Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7459094802051187; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-4950; CUNHA, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9603271880856443; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1891-4201
Introduction:Chlamydiatrachomatis is widely distributed in urban and non-urban populations, including riverside populations. These populations have low access to laboratory diagnosis in Primary Health Care and there are difficulties in clinical diagnosis, which do not allow the break of the chain of transmission. The riverside dwellers in the Brazilian Amazon live in an area of high incidence of sexually transmitted infections and have low socioeconomic indicators. There are no studies addressing the prevalence of Chlamydiatrachomatis and riverine populations in light of social, individual, and programmatic vulnerability factors. Objective: To identify the prevalence of Chlamydiatrachomatis and associated vulnerability aspects in an adult riverine population in the Brazilian Amazon. Method: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted among adult residents of Ilha do Combú, in the city of Belém. We adopted an expected frequency of 50%, acceptable margin of error of 5%, confidence level of 95%, design effect 1.0, which resulted in a sample of 306 participants, with an additional 8.5% being included considering a percentage of participants who did not answer or did not know. The sample size calculation was performed in the Statcalc - Sample size and power module of the EPI INFO Version 7.2.2.16 program. For data collection two questionnaires were applied, one validated and the other adapted, evaluated by judges and previously tested for the present research, with the intention of identifying the knowledge, attitudes and practices about sexually transmitted infections, besides socio-demographic data. The variables used to test the main hypothesis of the study were categorical: aspects of the individual, social and programmatic dimensions are associated with the chances of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among adult river dwellers. The dependent variable analyzed was reagent serology for CT. The diagnostic criterion for reagent serology was the detection of antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes of CT in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The independent variables analyzed corresponded to the vulnerability aspects described from the literature. To identify the prevalence of chlamydia, a peripheral blood sample was collected from the study participants. The sample then underwent analysis for IgG and IgM anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibody detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression was the method of choice for expressing the odds of finding markers of Chlamydiatrachomatis infection among those exposed to vulnerable conditions relative to the unexposed. Univariate binary regression was selected for multiple regression, adopting the stepwise model. All statistical analyses were done using Minitab 20® and Biostat 5.3® software. Significance level of 5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) and Chance Ratio (RC) were adopted. Results: The study sample consisted of 325 participants. The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection markers was 22% (72/325%; 95% CI: 17.5%; 26.4%). For the isolated IgM marker, the prevalence was 5.5% (6/109; 95% CI: 1.2%; 9.8%), with 100% of cases being female. Most participants had low educational level and low wage income, 56.6% (184/325) never attended school or had only elementary level; 68% (222/314) lived with monthly wage income less than one minimum wage. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjustments, the participants who had their condom broken and were beneficiaries of government income transfer programs were almost twice as likely to have the presence of markers of Chlamydiatrachomatis infection when compared to those who did not have their condom broken. Conclusion: In this population, besides the low social conditions, vulnerability factors were found in the individual and social dimensions that increased the chances of infection by the bacteria, such as low education, low family income and poor access to health services. The identification of these aspects enables the choice of the most appropriate combined prevention strategy for these populations.