Navegando por Assunto "Sistemas agroflorestais"

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Ação coletiva e Sistemas Agroflorestais na comunidade São Manoel, Quilombo Jambuaçu, Moju/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) ANDREATA, Helton Kania; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611; SCHWARTZ, Gustavo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0774787368316223
The Agroforestry Systems (SAF) can be used as a means of forest recovery and are interesting due to their diversity of products and the sustainability of the system, mainly in the Northeast of Pará, which has a predominance of secondary forests, popularly called “capoeiras”, areas which can be used for its implementation. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between Collective Action and SAF in the São Manoel community, in the municipality of Moju, Pará state. The survey data were collected in the years 2018 and 2019, with the main instruments used being historical, open and semi-structured interviews with farmers and main leaders in the community. The data are predominantly qualitative and the procedures to summarize were the transcription of the interviews, with the creation of tables and vertical and horizontal analyzes of the speeches. The community of São Manoel is a small rural village with a history of struggling against large companies to maintain its territory and whose main source of income is native açaí. Land titling is collective and the main issues of resource management are discussed with the Quilombola Association of Farmers of São Manoel, which also has other duties, such as discussing the issue of security, community organization, improving income sources, in addition to legal representation in different instances. The results shows that the SAF arrived in the community in 2015, taken by one of the farmers (who has agricultural training), and had great repercussions after the community verify the success of the system in São Manoel. The working group who has the SAF is composed of 15 people, who work from the plants nursery to the implantation of areas through the collective effort. They have a differentiated system of implantation of SAF, when carrying out the management of capoeira in order to use it as an input for plant nutrition. Three different types were found among the SAF of São Manoel, varying in the number of species in the system, being cupuaçu, cocoa, açaí and banana the main species implanted. The data show that the SAF had a good acceptance among farmers because the system was brought by one of the members of the community, which has also had repercussions in other communities in the Jambuaçu Territory. Collective action was fundamental to the success of SAF, since most farmers reported that they would not be able to implement their areas alone, reason why this community strength was essential for the success of a system which aims to generate income through diversification of production, resignifying the territory with their occupation through productive conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise agrossocial da percepção de agricultores familiares sobre sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste do estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12) HENKEL, Karl
In 2005 a case study was undertaken in agroforestry systems as practiced by family farmers in the Arapuã-Simeira colonization project, municipality of Garrafão do Norte, Pará state, in northern Brazil, with the purpose of describing and systematizing the agrosocial characteristics of the family farmers and their experiences and perceptions of agroforestry systems. The methodology consisted of field research, application of standard questionnaires, observation and discussion in group. Farmers gave preference to some perennial cultures and forest species for intercropping, and the main explication for the introduction of species in their fields was economic gain and social behavior. Multifaceted thinking is seen in the choice of agriculture products and management options, resulting in each property having a combination of different agricultural systems that are adapted to local conditions. The farmer knows better than anyone else how to determine the ideal combination for his agricultural system. The study shows the agrosocial and socialcultural trajectory of the farmers and hypothesis are advanced on what would imply the adoption of agroforestry systems in family agriculture. A systemic approach can be very useful in understanding the relationships and social processes that are important aspects of the rural and agrarian question.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste paraense: os sistemas agroflorestais como instrumento de política pública de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-01-08) OLIVEIRA, Dimitri Maurício Queiroz de; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
This study aims to evaluate the economic viability of two agroforestry (SAF) in the municipality of Tomé First proceeded to the literature of the legal requirements for the use of specially protected areas, then sought to frame the agroforestry systems over an optical environmental and socio- economic, as an instrument of use and recovery of these areas by evaluating the economic returns from two models of SAF observed in Tomé-Açú. For the progress and completion of this study utilize is a documentary research, bibliographical and field research through interviews with local actors production chain in the city of Tome - Açú. The methodology des survey data used for this study was the semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders. The tabulation of this date, as well as the results of analyzes was performed with concepts economic-mathematical engineering economic evaluation of investment projects through cash flow, NPV, IRR and Rb/c of arrangements. The conclusion discusses the concept of viability-studied arrangements for the current economic scenario of cultures composing the models studied as an alternative source of investment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição da agricultura familiar na construção do conhecimento agroecológico: estudo de caso do Projeto Raízes da Terra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) FERREIRA, Josie Helen Oliveira; AZEVEDO, Célia Maria Braga Calandrini de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8900515523984968; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227
Shifting cultivation, characterized by the use of fire in land preparation, has caused negative consequences for family farms, resulting in large deforested areas with low productivity and decreased regenerative capacity of secondary vegetation. The search for sustainable alternatives to slash and burn agriculture based on agroecological principles can result in a more sustainable rural environment development. Experiences has being tested by farmers through Project Raízes da Terra, therefore this work has as main objective to evaluate farmer’s contribution in agroecological knowledge construction in municipalities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, identifying the reasons that has led to agroecological principles adoption in agroecosystem management. For this, were evaluated methodological processes and participatory tools experienced by farmers to introduce agroecological practices on land use systems to improving agroecosystems sustainability. The fire use was reduced from 28.5 ha in 2005 to 2 ha in 2011, production diversification has increased 51% when compared to the period 2005 to 2011, with establishment of 42ha of multistrata agroforestry from 2006 to 2007 and expanded to 55ha in 2011 representing 13 ha more than planned by Project Raizes da Terra. Concluding that the process of agroecological knowledge construction practiced by Project Raizes da Terra farmers contributed to development of an agroecological agriculture-based.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultivando autonomia: análise da socioeconomia e agrobiodiversidade no quilombo de Providência, Salvaterra, Ilha do Marajó/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-15) LEÃO, Victor Miranda; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
Traditional Quilombola communities have strategies for maintaining their way of life and reinforcing their cultural identity through traditional productive practices. This study sought to investigate the role of agrobiodiversity in economic and food strategies, recording the traditional knowledge and practices associated with it, as well as its relationship with food sovereignty in the Quilombola community of Providência, Salvaterra, Marajó, Pará state, Brazil. Methodologically, the research took place over sixty days in the months of February, May, July and November of 2019, being authorized by local leaders and the other residents through the signing of the Informed Consent Form. Later interviews were conducted with household representatives, with selection occurring through non-probabilistic sampling. Non-directive interviews were carried out and semi-structured questionnaires were applied with questions on socioeconomic, productive and food aspects, along with participant observation. Data were organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for graphical optimization and, subsequently, diversity and diversity indexes were calculated, along with cultural salience and the community's food profile. Research with 11 heads of household showed that the local productive practices are strongly linked to local religious and food customs and that traditional activities, such as farming, extraction, fishing and animal husbandry, contribute to family income, which is mainly comes from state social benefits. Thus, we can conclude that traditional productive practices are directly related to the local Quilombola culture developed in part through agrobiodiversity, also expressed in faith, religiosity, historical heritage, as well as in daily life and in group's food preferences.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efluxo de CO2 do solo em sistemas de produção de palma de óleo na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-21) COSTA, Alessa Nayhara Mendanha; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Tropical forest areas play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, anthropogenic disturbances have altered the structure of the ecosystem and consequently imply in the carbon budget. To evaluate how changes in land use influence the efflux of CO2 from the soil (the main pathway of CO2 displacement in soil to atmosphere), it is possible to understand how the different types of vegetation affect the CO2 efflux of the soil, evaluating the variables that contribute to this process. A greater understanding of this influence motivates the study in different ecosystems, which seek to identify and develop practices that increase carbon stock and nutrient cycling, such as agroforestry systems (SAFs). Due to the expressive expansion of the oil palm in the Amazon region, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of CO2 efflux from the soil, as well as its control variables, in two oil palm production systems (conventional palm oil production systems and agroforestry systems with oil palm). The research was developed in the municipality of Tomé-Açu in areas of family farming and production. Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil gravimetric moisture were evaluated between March 2016 and November 2016. The stocks of fine roots and litter in the systems were evaluated in the period of higher precipitation (May) and lower precipitation (October). Soil CO2 efflux was higher in successional forest areas, intermediate in oil palm agroforestry systems, and lower in conventional palm oil systems. The CO2 efflux of the soil is sensitive to the "conversion" of forest areas into oil palm crops. The "soil metabolism" in the more diversified oil palm (SAF) system is more similar to that of the more ecologically integrated system (secondary forest).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoque e ciclagem de carbono de sistemas agroflorestais em Tomé-Açu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BRANCHER, Tobias; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) constitute an important agricultural practice of land use directed at food production and environmental services. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon stock and cycling of 4 agroforestry systems (SAF) with different age and species composition, and a secondary vegetation (“capoeira”), in Tomé-Acu, northeast of Pará State, Eastern Amazon. Carbon stocks in soil, litter and aboveground biomass were measured. Carbon flux associated with litterfall and aboveground biomass increment was measured over a year between 2008 and 2009. The SAFs were divided into four categories, called SAF 1, SAF 2, SAF 3 and SAF 4, being (SAF 1: cacau, açaí, bananeira e seringueira, 14 years old, SAF 2: cacau, açaí, bananeira, seringueira, taperebá, paricá e macacaúba, 14 years old, SAF 3: cupuaçu, açaí, teca e mogno, 9 years old, SAF 4:cupuaçu, açaí e paricá, 9 anos years old). In each system we set four plots, where soil and plant samples were collected, including diameter at breast height (DAP) and height (h), which were used to estimate the aboveground biomass. Within plots were installed collectors to measure the deposition of litterfall and sampled soil and litter used to estimate carbon stocks. There was no significant difference between SAFs in relation to soil carbon stock. The SAF 3 was significantly lower than the other SAF in relation to aboveground carbon and SAF 4 had the highest annual litterfall deposition among all treatments. The SAF did not differ in relation to soil and litter carbon stocks. Net primary production reached 2.54, 6.11, 9.54 and 16.27 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in SAF 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The age of the SAFs had no significant effect on the amount of carbon accumulated during one year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fertilidade e fauna edáfica em solo sob reflorestamento com paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) no município de Aurora do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-28) PEREIRA JÚNIOR, Antônio; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031
This study aimed to evaluate the variation in soil fertility and soil fauna under reforestation paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Heber ex. Ducke) in monoculture or agroforestry system compared with secondary forest in the experimental area considering the seasonality of precipitation in the period 2009 and 2010. The experimental farm owned by Tramontina Belem S / A, located in northeastern Pará, in the city of Aurora do Pará Four treatments were analyzed undergoing reforestation: Curaua (Ananas comosus var. Erectifolius L.B.Smith) Parica (Shizolobium var. Amazonicum Huber ex Ducke) in the form of monoculture, Parica + curauá (Ananas comosus var. erectifolius L.B.Smith; Shizolobium var. amazonicum Huber ex Ducke); Parica Mahogany + Freijó Curaua (Shizolobium var. amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, Swietenia macrophylla, King, Cordia goeldiana Huber, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius LB.Smith). Samples were taken in December 2009, April and July 2010, which marked the seasonal transition period (dry to heavy rain), heavy rain and dry seasons respectively, to evaluate the particle size, bulk density, particle density, porosity and moisture content, exchangeable bases, total bases, CEC, acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, pH, at three different depths (0 - 10 cm. 10 to 20 cm, 20-40 cm) and the occurrence of macrofauna. The results showed the action of the seasons on the bulk density, particle density, total soil porosity. Chemical factors, eg, organic carbon, whose contents varied between 5.85 g / kg and 13.00 g / kg, at high levels in the culture system S2, changed during intense rainfall seasons and drought. As for soil fauna, 9964 invertebrates were captured belonging to 26 different taxa. The most abundant were Hymenoptera – Formicidae (5.805), Coleoptera (1.454), Acari (862) Collembola (649), Diplopoda (307) and Isopoda (110). Of the 26 taxa identified, approximately 40% of them showed only a representative sampling carried out in three or just one. The highest values for relative frequency occurred in the cropping system S2, S3 and S4, respectively. The highest value of absolute frequency occurred during seasonal rainstorms in S1. Areas under reforestation and agroforestry monoculture Parica + curauá showed better performance in the recovery of soil fertility and soil fauna proving the efficacy of paricá in monoculture or agroforestry system in the recovery of soil fertility and soil fauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Importância ambiental e socioeconômica dos sistemas de sombreamento de cacauais: um estudo de caso em Uruará-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-29) ARAÚJO, Ailton; SILVA, Maristela Marques da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1620976380900108; BOSCHILIA, Solana Meneghel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6512542852817389; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-6666
The Theobroma cacao is an Amazonian tree species. It belongs to the canopy layer in the forest, it is shade tolerant and it grows well in the agroforestry system. The cacao crops began in the region of Transamazon and Xingu in the seventies and since then, the area has presented growth. Nowadays, the State of Pará became the largest producer of cacao in Brazil. The study promoted an increase of knowledge of the students of the Community School Casa Familiar Rural of the city Uruará, Brazil, known as CFRU, through the training course about the importance of the cacao production system. Along with the training course, we used the qualitative approach through circles of conversation and questionnaire to raise information over the knowledge that the students have about the importance of the trees used to shade the cacao crops. Also, this primary contact was to identify other uses of the trees, leading to the benefit to the family and investment in the properties. The quantitative approach was used in the sampling of environmental, socioeconomic, and floristic data in the properties of the student ́s families of the CFRU. The course promotes the students to understand and realize most environmental problems and that they are compromising theirs owns farms. The students were aware that measures need to be done to control the advance of these problems, and they know that too little has been done to minimize them. In the cacao crops, it was identified more than 56 species of native trees that have been planted or regenerated from the budding of logs or germination of seeds. All the tree species sampled had environmental or socio-economic importance to the owners of the land. It was observed the presence of many animal species that use the system in search of shelter or food. Among the tree species that farmers introduce in the cacao crop, most of them are Amazonian native species, and some are endemic. Some species have a risk of extinction, therefore, being part of the cacao agroforestry system, they are protected. There are water springs and igarapes being protected by these trees, which reduce the siltation caused by the floods. Completing the course, 20 tree species, that promote shade over the cacao, were selected to be part of a book, which is the outcome of this dissertation. The production of cacao by the familiar agriculture, in the region of Transamazon and Xingu, it is not only an income source but has, as well, a relevant environmental and socio-economic importance, with agroforestry features. This ecosystem, formed by the union of cacao production and the amazon trees, which promotes shading, contributes to the conservation and preservation of many species, including animals and other plants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"O Que mudou?": estudo das trajetórias dos sistemas agroflorestais no município de Irituia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-18) GALVÃO, Layse de Nazaré Gonzaga Braga; COUDEL, Emilie Suzanne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3299840369978601; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
This dissertation deals with the trajectories of the production systems of the family farmers who work with agroforestry systems (AFS) in the municipality of Irituia, identifying the internal and external conditions that lead them to introduce/modify the AFS. The question that mobilizes the research is: How did the role of SAFs in family production logics evolve in the municipality of Irituia, Paraense Northeast? The study was carried out in the municipality of Irituia in the year of 2018. In order to understand the changes that occurred in the production system, a multi-scale analysis of the agrarian context and the agricultural establishments was done, based on the systemic focus. For this purpose, the historical interviews, documentary analysis, landscape analysis, questionnaire application and retrospective analysis were used as method and tools. The results are presented in two articles: I – the first identifies the historical events and changes in factors external to the production system that conditioned their transformations for the introduction/ modification of AFS. We found that AFS in Irituia were consolidated mainly by endogenous incentives from local actions that stimulated their expansion/ modification within the production system. Public policies that have occurred in history, such as PROAMBIENTE, PAA and PNAE, social organization and the structuring of municipal infrastructure have stimulated and valued the diversification of AFS and the production system itself. II – the second article analyses the changes that have occurred in production systems over time and the necessary adaptations for introduction/ modification of AFS. We show that farmers tailor their systems according to opportunities, self-interests and family at a given point in history. It can be noticed that the trajectories of the production systems present a period when the farm goes into crisis and, for this and other reasons, the AFS have been gaining space in the family farms and in the municipality. In general, the trajectories oh the production systems comprise phases of transformation, diversification and aggregation of value, both in the AFS and in the production system as a whole. There are sign of forest recovery in the farms by the practice of AFS and conservation of regrowth forests linked to beekeeping. We conclude that the expansion of AFS in Irituia and the diversification of the production system were possible thanks to the structural development, the interests and support of the local power, and the commitment of the farmers. The insertion of AFS in the production systems has led to changes in the trajectory that go beyond the structure of the production system, resulting in the creation of the cooperative, the change of farmers’ relationship with nature and the construction of a new identity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restauração florestal na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da concorrência de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas na Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-15) SILVA, Camila de Cássia do Socorro; MATTOS JÚNIOR, José Sampaio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2288193304873040; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738
Natural resources are increasingly affected by the massive use that man makes when using them. As a consequence, we observe the instability of the climate, the increase of the seas, the melting of the polar ice caps, the degradation of the soils, the deforestation of the forests, among other effects. In several regions of the world, especially in the Amazon, forest restoration with its various methods has been a sustainable alternative to mitigate these effects. The discussion about technological trajectories in the Amazon can help in understanding the forest restoration agendas that multiply in this space, because it is in this environment that it is verified that technological trajectories establish different forms of production that may or may not take into account the original nature (the Amazon forest biome). Due to this, the objectives that guide this research analyzed the competition between different technological trajectories, in particular, T6 (silvicultural) and T2 (agroforestry) around forest restoration. The study region took place in Açailândia, a municipality belonging to Região de Integração do Bico do Papagaio (RIBP). To expose the competition between the different forms of forest restoration, it was decided to obtain the perception of four groups of agents, among which are the peasants representing agroforestry systems, the private sector representing reforestation with eucalyptus, the public sector and products of seedlings. Methodologically, the theoretical and methodological framework on technological trajectories in the Amazon was used. Primary and secondary data were collected, the first made from questionnaires and interviews and the secondary through platforms and official documents. The results indicated the different productive forces between the technological trajectories that were the focus of the study, since there was strong competition from T6 and even from T7 (soybean), while T2 continues to resist through agroforestry movements, despite the absence of public institutional, technical and financial support. In addition, the results show that despite the resistance of agroforestry movements, there is a strong pressure for natural resources coming from T6 and T7, mainly by land, processes that conjecture for the weakening of forest restoration by the most sustainable agroforestry methods, such as, are performed by T2.