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Análise da resiliência socioecológica em um projeto de assentamento convencional do sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) CARVALHO, Alderuth da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
Southeastern Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, is known as the agricultural frontier and scenario of numerous land conflicts. In the same region, under the agrarian reform policy, the federal government implemented some 500 Settlement Projects (SP). Among them, stands out the Conventional Settlement Project "26 de Março", in the municipality of Marabá-Pará. This SP, result of the process of occupying almost 10 years of encampment in Farm Cabaceiras, was formally created in 2009. Its organicity is managed by the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and is the pioneer settlement with environmental license. Taking as reference the social and environmental relations that influence each other, we characterize rural settlements as socioecological systems, which, inserted in the debates about sustainability in the Amazon, allow us to apply the theory of resilience. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioecological resilience of the conventional settlement PA "26 de Março". To help us in this analysis, we chose to use the methodology of resilience indicators, composed of two dimensions, four components and 14 indicators that received scores of 1 to 5 (one to five). These indicators made up the questionnaire that guided the interviews applied between September and October of 2017 to a sample of 20% of the owners of lots occupied in PA "26 de Março", Marabá. Responses were interpreted to identify which punctuation they indicated. The scores provided us with subsidies to find out which components represented fragility or potentiality for socioecological resilience of the housing nuclei (Núcleo de Moradia) of the settlement, besides enabling us to make a categorization test of the socioecological resilience level of the settlement as a whole. The results showed that, at the "Núcleo de Moradia" level, the "knowledge, learning and innovation" component represents a negative trend towards resilience for all "núcleos de moradia", as well as for the settlement as a whole. On the other hand, we perceive as potential of strengthening of the resilience the component "Organicity and infrastructure". According to the resilience categorization, the PA is considered with level of socioecological resilience "Reasonable". This result indicates a threshold between the fragility and the potential for strengthening socio-ecological resilience. In this way, we consider immediate training / qualification actions for the settlers, as well as the promotion and / or strengthening of social technologies aimed at respecting biodiversity and peasant family farming. We conclude that socioecological resilience thinking is pertinent and allows us rich debates on the way of understanding socioecological systems, such as rural settlements in the Amazon.