Navegando por Assunto "Soberania alimentar"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511
In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da natureza à mesa: a pesca artesanal na vida e alimentação dos quilombolas da Comunidade de Mangueiras (Ilha do Marajó – Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-21) NASCIMENTO, Anael Souza; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262
This research was committed to study the ways of capturing and preparing fisheries resources, as well as the relationship of the quilombola community of Mangueiras in Salvaterra - Ilha do Marajó - PA with food. I started from the cultural dimensions in the context of traditional knowledge, the ways to obtain, prepare, pack and consume food of fishery origin in the quilombo. The field research took place in 2019 and the main instruments of the methodology employed were open interviews, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, tours guided by local fishermen, free listing technique and ethnophotography. The results achieved demonstrated that fishermen and fisherwomen maintain a constant dialogue of knowledge, acquired through daily contact with fish and the river from the early stages of life. Traditional knowledge reveals much of the quilombo's identity and culture, a territory dominated by social actors with expertise in fish species, differentiating them by their habitat, food preferences and specific behaviors, including knowledge about climatic and lunar aspects that influence the dynamics of fishing in the region. Fishing resources have proved to be important for the preparation of foods such as fried, roasted and boiled fish, snail mujica, snail pie, coconut milk crab, turkey stew. However, we also observed an increase in processed foods, caused by a greater relationship with the city and access to social programs of the Brazilian federal government. Even with all the changes that have taken place, it is undeniable that the way food is prepared is still maintained today as a way of valuing culture and resistance. Thus, food choices are directly influenced by environmental characteristics, in addition to individual preferences linked to quilombo social and cultural issues. Taboos play an important role and directly influence the choices of target species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação, transformação e expansão dos quintais agroflorestais de agricultores familiares da Cooperativa D’Irituia, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-27) SILVA, Sinara Dias; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-9227
The various problems caused by the cutting and burning process demonstrate how important the soil is for the family farmer, so the use of management practices that enable nutrient cycling through the maintenance of organic matter and soil micro-life are essential. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the process of formation, transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards in family farmers production systems of Cooperative D'Irituia, Pará. To meet this proposal, it was decided to use a methodology based on the theoretical bases of the systemic approach. For this, 23 families of family farmers from the D'Irituia cooperative who have agroforestry yards and five key informants from the main institutions linked to rural dynamics were selected. of the municipality. The methodological tools adopted consisted of historical interviews, secondary data, semi-structured questionnaires, typology and chronicles of the establishments. The results showed the external factors that influenced the formation of agroforestry yards were the credit public policies such as FNO and Proambiente; the Secretary of Agriculture of Irituia and the cooperative D'Irituia itself. The agroforestry yards found in Irituia have a great diversity of species, including fruit and annuals. It is noteworthy that in 74% of the areas where agroforestry yards are currently installed were capoeira areas and 13% in fields. Through the typology it was possible to form two large groups, besides one of the main factors responsible for the transformation and expansion of agroforestry yards is the need to increase production. With the chronicles of the establishments we can observe that the events identified over time was not always the motivating factor of the changes identified within the agricultural establishments, however, it affected the two groups represented here, but differently. Therefore, it can be concluded that the agroforestry systems found today in the municipality of Irituia are of great importance in guaranteeing food sovereignty as well as in the socioeconomic development of these families, besides having an important role in environmental preservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
PANC na visão dos estudantes de ciências biológicas da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) DUARTE, Larissa Rodrigues Ferreira; MENEZES, Moirah Paula Machado de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242537967460940
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
UHE Belo Monte e a soberania alimentar dos povos indígenas na Volta Grande do Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-23) ROSA, Lorena Garcia da; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856
The historical trajectory of the environmental licensing process for Brazil's Belo Monte Dams included the elaboration of mitigation and compensation measures aimed at the indigenous peoples affected by the project, which make up the Basic Environmental Plan (Plano Básico Ambiental - PBA). Among the PBA's measures, those aimed at guaranteeing food for the Yudjá (Juruna) indigenous people, who live in the Paquiçamba Indigenous Territory, located in the Volta Grande do Xingu (VGX) region, stand out. This region corresponds to a stretch of approximately 130 km, where the flow of the Xingu River was reduced after the installation of the dam that diverts its waters to the hydroelectric reservoir. However, the independent territorial environmental monitoring carried out by the Yudjá people indicates, in the midst of recording the impacts on their territory and their ways of life, that the PBA measures do not consider the sociocultural aspects of their diet, so that the food sovereignty of this population may be at risk. Thus, this research aimed to explore the processes of conflict between the PBA measures and the independent monitoring carried out by the Yudjá people, starting from the affectations and contradictions generated by threats to the food sovereignty of these groups. The analysis perspective for the differentiation between the PBA and the independent monitoring was given by the discourse analysis instruments, more specifically the content analysis of the two documents. The main results indicate contradictions related to the decrease in fish consumption, changes in fish species caught and changes in fishing gear in the VGX.