Navegando por Assunto "Sodium carbonate"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da obtenção de biocombustíveis a partir da rota tecnológica de craqueamento utilizando carbonato de sódio e lama vermelha como catalisadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-12-26) OLIVEIRA, Romero Moreira de; MOTA, Silvio Alex Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2688995977218366; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
In this paper the crude distillation process of the liquid organic product obtained in the catalytic cracking of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) was studied in pilot scale , using the sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and red mud catalysts by varying the percentage of catalyst in 10% m/m and 15% m/m for the raw material used , an operating temperature of 450ºC in order to obtain fractions of biofuels (bio-gasoline, bio-kerosene and bio-oil) similar to fuels derived from being fixed oil. The catalysts were subjected to a dehydration pre-treatment for 2 hours in an oven at 300°C, subsequently the XRD, IR and TG were performed. Regarding raw materials, physical and chemical analysis, aiming to characterize palm oil were performed. The organic liquid products (PLOs) were subjected to unit operations of separation, decanting and simple filtration bench scale should then be performed physical-chemical and compositional analyzes. The temples were distilled in a Vigreux column six (06) stages, and the condensed fractions were collected according to the ranges of the distillation of gasoline (60ºC - 190ºC) , kerosene (190ºC - 235ºC ) and diesel (235°C - 370°C), later to be characterized. There was a better catalyst efficiency for sodium carbonate 15% w/w as reducing the acid value about 1.7 mgKOH/g , and a conversion of 97% by weight of the oil in PLO was noted also, by increasing the amount of catalyst that favors the obtaining of an end product with better quality. The red mud on the other hand, showed yields of up to 64% m/m products with a low acidity of about 62.90 mgKOH/g, comparing this result with literature data. Based on the final results verified the efficiency of catalysts, the catalyst which sodium carbonate gave products with low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biocombustíveis via craqueamento térmico-catalítico de resíduos sólidos de caixas de gordura com carbonato de sódio e lama vermelha ativada termicamente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) ALMEIDA, Hélio da Silva; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This work has the main objective to study the production of biofuels from Thermal-Catalytic Cracking process pilot scale using residual fat removed from the grease traps of the university restaurant of Universidade Federal do Pará (RU-UFPA). The residual fat was collected and treated by sifting, dewatering and separating and introduced into the cracking pilot unit. Were used as catalysts soda ash and red mud thermally activated at 1000 ° C, reject material from the production of alumina Hydro-Alunorte company, which also is an environmental liability. After cracking the organic liquid product obtained was distilled and characterized in the laboratory and pilot scales, obtaining the biofuel Biokerosene band, biogasoline, light and heavy diesel. Additionally, it was investigated the consumption of drinking water of that restaurant and the generation of wastewater, determining the per-capita water consumption, the coefficient of sewage return, the pollution load and the population equivalent. The PLO higher yield of around 82% was obtained with 15% sodium carbonate catalyst. The acid value of the PLO (14.97 mg KOH / g) showed a figure considered low and very satisfactory when compared with the values obtained in the literature. The chromatographic results of the experiment with 10% sodium carbonate showed high content PLO hydrocarbons (78.98%), green kerosene (92.64% of oil) and light diesel (90.21% hydrocarbons). The results denote viability in the production of biofuels from the treated residual fat of the fat boxes.