Navegando por Assunto "Soroepidemiologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Citomegalovírus: diversidade genética e pesquisa de resistência antiviral em pacientes imunodeficientes da cidade de Belém”
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-17) SILVA, Dorotéa de Fátima Lobato da; SOUSA, Rita Catarina Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3560941703812539
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients because its latency and reactivation mechanism that commonly occurs in immunodeficiencies. Genetic analysis showed that the virulence of the strains may be related to genotypic diversity. The main objective of this paper was to describe the seroepidemiology profile and genetic diversity of CMV by detecting mutations that confer viral resistance to ganciclovir in immunodeficient patients from Belém city.A total of 671 samples were analyzed: 243 HIV/AIDS, 257 neoplastic patients, 112 kidney transplant and 60 people with SLE. The seroprevalence of antibodies was 96.1% and active infection and levels of 2.4% (n = 16) lower than that observed by qPCR method which corresponded to 15.63%. Differences in infection rates due to low sensitivity (5.71%) of the serological method demonstrated in screening test. The mutation research was made in 82 samples for pyrosequencing method, a 741pb segment of the UL97 gene was amplified, between 1087-1828 nucleotides. It was observed that 100% (n = 82) of samples had two mutations in amino acid in codon 596 (E596K) and another one in codon 604 (S604F). The S604F mutation was not found in other viral sequences from GenBank. Ten other mutations occurred between codons 377 and 594 in eight samples, including the A594V mutation in a renal transplant patient who ended up dying.It was concluded that the prevalence of antibodies and the epidemiological profile of the group were similar to those observed in populations of developing countries; the viral infection rates are related to viral reactivation, being underestimated by serology; sequence analysis revealed significant genetic diversity in the samples examined; detection of A594V mutation suggests circulating strains with resistance mutation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção molecular e sorológica da infecção por Mycobacterium Leprae em casos e comunicantes de hanseníase e escolares de Oriximiná (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-23) FERREIRA, Denis Vieira Gomes; SALGADO, Claudio Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2310734509396125
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects skin and peripheral nerves and its clinical signs are lesions with abnormal pigmentation and sensitivity. Its etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacillus, acid fast rod-shaped straight or slightly curved. The transmission occurs through the upper airway, and the default host immune ranges from a high cell-mediated immune response, known as Th1 response, a high susceptibility to infection with high humoral immune response, Th2 response. This study aimed to examine clinical and socio-epidemiological information to correlate with levels of IgM anti-PGL-1 in plasma, and molecular detection of M. leprae in nasal swabs from cases and contacts of leprosy between 2004 and 2008, and schoolchildren from public schools in the city of Oriximiná Para. The results show that: 1) leprosy patients have poor housing and food, with almost 50% of food deprivation, 2) approximately 45% of clinically healthy presents IgM anti-PGL-1 positive, regardless of age, period of living with index cases or the presence or absence of a BCG scar and 3) the DNA of M. leprae is found in 15- 30% of cases and contacts, and only 1.6% of students did not show correlation with ELISA IgM anti-PGL-1, with the clinical form of the disease or the duration of the leprosy patients treated with MDT in the 5 years before data collection. Thus, the positivity of ELISA IgM anti-PGL-1 seems to indicate the magnitude of the exposure of a population to M. leprae, which may contribute to epidemiological studies and the definition of priority population groups to conduct active case finding of leprosy in a given community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas em parturientes de maternidade pública de Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-29) FERREIRA, Louise de Souza Canto; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/177536318078121
Introduction: The Human T Lymphotropic virus type-1 was first retrovirus identified and associated epidemiologically to leukemia/lymphoma T-cell adult (LLTA), tropical spastic parapesis (TSP), polymyositis, arthritis, uveitis, skin lesions and strongyloidiasis and other diseases. The vertical transmission has fundamental role on HTLV silent dispersion and the implementation of policies needs epidemiological indicators to develop prevention campaigns of infection transmission. Objective: To investigate the infection by the human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) with parturients attended on public maternity of Belém, Pará, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of parturients was investigated on period of March to August 2013, to detection of antibodies anti-HTLV by imunoenzimatic method (ELISA) and for research proviral genome by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The seroprevalence of 0.2% (1/452) identified one infected parturient who reported to be intravenous drug user and to have multiple sexual partners, without genotype identification. The postpartum carrier of HTLV did not breastfeed her newborn son, who showed no anti-HTLV antibodies one year after birth, like her mother and her older daughters, excluding the vertical familial transmission. Conclusion: This study identified a low but present prevalence of HTLV in pregnant women attended at a public maternity, as has been identified in other units of primary and secondary health care throughout Brazil, demonstrating the need for control measures of this infection in all levels of public health attention.