Navegando por Assunto "State"

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Cantos e gritos da terra: campesinos e proprietários rurais nos processos de reforma e contrarreforma agrária do Chile (1958-1990)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06) RIBEIRO, Vanderlei Vazelesk
In this work is discussed the process of agrarian reform and counter agrarian reform occurred in Chile between 1960 and 1990. Initially there is a reflection about the agrarian reform process developed during the government of Jorge Alessandri (1958-1964), Eduardo Frei (1964-1970) and Salvador Allende (1970-1973). In sequence, there is an evaluation on the effort for reversion of the executed process during the regime led by general Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1990. The aim is not to comprehend the movements as homogeneous, but to observe their internal divergences which sometimes lead to interorganizational breaks. On occasion, there will be compared the agrarian reform and counter reform development in central and south Chile, among the conflicts between landowners and mapuche population in the struggle for land ownership. In this way we are able to weight the indigenous theme in this region, which would lead to consequences in the national landscape.
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Capital, estado e instituciones en la frontera del estado de Pará: ¿desarrollo para quien?
(Servicios Académicos Intercontinentales S.L., 2018-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The main purpose of this article is to discuss the dynamics of the functioning of the Institutions, the State, and Capital at the frontier of the State of Pará, based on the logic of capitalist economic development. For this, the methodology chosen involved the use of the deductive method because part of the general, that is, the discussion under the aegis of the new institutional economy on the function of the State, Capital and Institutions and, consequently, the inductive method because it considered the It is worth noting that the new institutional economy seeks to demonstrate that markets are not as efficient - as propagated by the mainstream - and that state intervention can, in fact, including improving the situation of the market itself, provided that there are institutions responsible for establishing the "rules of the game". However, the frontiers represent the locus of noncompliance with the laws within an organized and democratic civil society, especially the Paraense frontier, still beset by remnants of primitive accumulation of capital. The main conclusion of this article is to demonstrate that a socially and economically evolved institutional system can help promote economic development by structuring the environment and stimulating the process of cooperation, innovation and learning, especially in the Paraense frontier , even though it is dominated by capital.
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Castanhal: a “cidade modelo”, os caminhos e descaminhos do projeto de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-20) CRUZ, Laiane Helena Silva da; MOURA, Edila Arnaud Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2154370107837866; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-8464
Inspired by developmentalism ideas, the Brazilian government implemented several public policies during the second half of the last century intending to promote economic growth, fueled mainly by industrialization. After the 1964 coup d’état, to integrate the Amazon region to the rest of the country, the government adopted several public policies such as road construction and generous tax incentives. This region, which was seen as an empty space by the State, began to attract thousands of migrants in search of plots of land. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to assess the role of the State in the municipality of Castanhal within a political scenario driven by the ideology of development. The city of Castanhal, located in the state of Pará, is analyzed considering three different periods: its creation associated with the construction of the railway station of Bragança-PA, the revitalization of its downtown, and the creation of the Cupiúba rural settlement. This study was carried out based on bibliographic research and literature review about the history of Castanhal and its surrounding area (Bragantina region), as well as on socio-demographic, economic, and agricultural indicators collected from the following databases: SIDRA and Atlas Brasil. The results indicate that Castanhal stands out positively among the other municipalities that were crossed by the Bragança railway due to a set of investments the city received during the analyzed periods. On the other hand, concerning the social reproduction of farmers in rural settlements, there are still many challenges that need to be overcome. The State’s neglect, to which they are subjected, and the creation of the Cupiúba settlement as a palliative measure in response to their land occupation reveal how familiar farming is devalued by public authorities.
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Educação do campo: concepções e teorias contra hegemônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06) CARMO, Eraldo Souza do; PRAZERES, Maria Sueli Corrêa dos; GEMAQUE, Rosana Maria Oliveira
This article aims to discuss the theoretical principles of the Movement's struggle On A Field of Education as proposed against hegemonic facing education to the capitalist state. The analysis was from a literature review in order to confront the premises of this movement advocating an educational project that takes into account the characteristics and realities of the subjects of the field. However, there are conflicting processes, since the educational policies are the assumptions of the capitalist state, where education takes the perspective merchandise. Still, it is evident that despite the contradictions, the movement has made consistent propositions and managed to include in the government bases its social demands. However, the embodiment does not always answer your prospects.
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Fundamentações teóricas sobre o estado capitalista
(Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2014-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, Maryan Jansen Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira
The purpose of this article is to discuss the theoretical foundations of the capitalist state perspective through analysis of historical and dialectical materialism. For this, we will resume debate by asserting the legacy of authors such as Karl Heinrich Marx, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Antonio Gramsci, who contributed to the theoretical discussion on the theory of the capitalist state in its various facets, and which were often misunderstood and exorcised the gym these days. In order to delimit the importance of the state in the contemporary capitalist development, sought to discuss the most recent contributions as the author, Claus Offe, on the theory of the capitalist state.
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Gestão dos corpos nas favelas e periferias no Rio de Janeiro: das remoções à Covid-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06) SILVA, Flávio da Rocha Pires da
In the course of the Brazilian Republic, the favelas and peripheries were the targets of several public administration interventions. These places were always placed as "the other", as vulnerable, as "problems". From a state point of view, these problems must be addressed through removals, militarization, the real estate market, among other different ways of managing a given population. Or simply, it can be left at the mercy of a purposeful precariousness in a time of crisis. Therefore, this study will use the city of Rio de Janeiro as a case study to exemplify the different production and management.
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Pandemia e a espiral das crise: memórias de professoras e professores da Educação Básica durante a implementação do ensino remoto no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-09) MONTEIRO, Ádima Farias Rodrigues; BUENO, Michele Escoura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3126701924384242
With the aim of understanding the social, professional, and emotional effects of the emergency political arrangements implemented by the Government of the State of Pará in the state public education during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the experience of teachers from the State Public Education Network in the Municipality of Ananindeua, in the metropolitan region of Belém, this dissertation brings an analysis of the memories that the 24 teachers I interviewed shared with me about their professional experiences. As I listened to them, I was also reliving my memories, and thus, I take on the position of a native/ethnographer (Peirano, 2014) in the text. I also analyze the main documents that regulated public education in the State of Pará in 2020 and 2021, relating them to the decisions of the federal government. Guided by what I heard in the field in January and February 2022, this study focuses on the period during the pandemic when the government of the State of Pará implemented "remote teaching" in the state public network, specifically from January to June 2021. The analysis of these experiences is in dialogue with anthropological and sociological perspectives on the topic. In Chapter I, I show how the state government managed basic education during the pandemic period when face-to- face classes were suspended in the public network. In Chapter II, I show how teachers experienced the changes resulting from the new standardization and regulation of basic education established by the state government. By analyzing the teachers' experiences, I realized that besides the contradiction between professionals and the State, other contradictions emerged as teachers practiced their profession from the domestic environment, elements to which I dedicate Chapter III. As results of this research, I argue that the pandemic deepened pre-existing crises and inequalities while producing new dynamics of crisis. According to the data, I show that as the state's educational public policies proved insufficient to contain the effects of the pandemic on basic education in Pará, teachers' lives became marked by a process of worsening precariousness of teaching work, expressed in the total flexibilization of the workday and physical and mental illness resulting from labor activities. Additionally, I highlight that in the case of women teachers who are mothers, daughters, and/or wives, there was also an endless workload of caregiving tasks, which was multiplied by the suspension of public services offered by the State, making the period one of overlapping labor and class inequalities with gender inequalities.
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Povos Indígenas na cidade de Boa Vista: estratégias identitárias e demandas políticas em contexto urbano
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-06) MELO, Luciana Marinho de; ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7555559649274791
In this research, I deal with strategies for the ethnic recognition of the indigenous peoples from Boa Vista city, Roraima. This struggle is attributable to the State's refusal to recognize the ethnic belonging of self-declared indigenous people residing in an urban context, preventing their access to indigenous policies. This situation led to the creation of three organizations presided over by Macuxi and Wapichana leaderships, such as the City Indigenous Organization, Kapói Indigenous Association and Kuaikrî Indigenous Association, which present different strategies as a way of legitimizing ethnic belonging and aim, in general terms, the communion in the constitutional rights directed to the native peoples. The intention of this study is to identify the political strategies built around the ethnic identities of the Macuxi and Wapichana peoples of Boa Vista through the indigenous movement. By political outlines, I refer to the discursive and symbolic resources triggered in the construction of reclamation patterns, which are elaborated within organizations. The first hypothesis I propose to discuss about this issue is that the criteria and mechanisms adopted by the State agents become more restrictive and exclusive inasmuch as the indigenous movement in an urban context appropriates them. The second hypothesis is that the State's refusal to recognize ethnic identity reflects a strategically constructed stance that acquits it from responsibilities towards indigenous peoples. The ethnographic rummage focused mainly on the meetings and assemblies promoted by the organizations and made possible the analysis about the political construction of ethnic identities, the appropriation of the city as a place of ancestry, struggles, resistance, negotiations and dialogues led by leaders. The results of the analyzes demonstrate that the conflticting relationship with the State has as a consequence the strengthening of the urban indigenous movement and the emergence of new leaderships that aim not only to reverse the situation of ethnic invisibility in a city that has approximately 31,000 indigenous self-declared people, but political participation, including partisan participation. In this study, the theories on Ethnic Ethnicity and Identity, as well as ethnological studies, were primordial to this research.
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Soberania e governamentalidade: Foucault, leitor de Rousseau
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-10) BEZERRA, Marco Antonio Correa; CHAVES, Ernani Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5741253213910825
The general purpose of this work is to show how the legal juridical conception of power in the eighteenth century enabled the wide understanding of the term governmentality as the political strategies were directed to the population control as exposed in the Security, Territory, Population course, taught by Michel Foucault at the Collège de France in 1977-1978. To accomplish such aim, we will start from the critical confrontation that Foucault establishes with the idea of sovereign power within the called Modern State in Jean Jacques Rousseau. From this focus we intend to indicate, initially, that the Genevan philosopher when wrote the entry Political Economy in the Encyclopedia (1755), aims to present the need for an economic and administrative management about people’s possessions and lives, then registers the Social Contract (1762) as a logical extension of his two essays (1749 and 1755). This way, Rousseau seeks to legitimize the members of the society behavior, for this, the citizen need to delegate his individual and particular power towards a general will. In the course mentioned above, Foucault criticizes precisely this notion of sovereignty, because the Frenchman identifies that there is an intermediate body [government] equipped with a legal apparatus that becomes in practice a camouflaged government management, whose main tools are security devices to regulate the population. This idea of a government as a population government uses techniques of power, that is, technological devices to regulate the members of this state, in developing a controlling method under the guise of a discourse for the welfare of the population.
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A trajetória histórica da ideologia neoliberal e suas implicações nas políticas públicas educacionais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) LIMA, Virna Lumara Souza
Faced with the emergence of a new way of managing a Brazilian public administration, derived from the precepts that govern a private initiative, issue speech rests an idea of the search for quality our services and efficiency no use of financial resources, it is possible to perceive that the State Suffered a Reconfiguration, bringing consequences in the so-called social policies. It is therefore possible from a Member State of Social Welfare to the neoliberal State. In educational policies, in particular, the Minimum State, proposed by neoliberalism, and the managerial perspective in public administration have brought different implications that can be better constructed when assessing how these propositions entered the Brazilian context. This article aims to develop a platform through prerequisites and presentations in Brazil, culminating in the change of the State's behavior towards public educational policies, in addition to bringing to reflection as the main implications in Brazilian education