Navegando por Assunto "Suffering"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Alegorias do sofrimento e da resistência: disposições afetivas da política em imagens fotográficas(Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2022-06) LAGE, Leandro RodriguesThe purpose of the text is to present the general lines of an epistemological and also a methodological proposal for the debate on images, considered affective expressions of indignation, conviction and desire. It seeks to examine photographs of the artistic and photojournalistic regimes as allegories of the suffering and resistance of the Amazonian peoples, with the intention of discussing how these images manage and give visible and sensitive expression to experiences of suffering, to physiognomies of historical time, to survivals of the desire and political subjectivations. This proposal starts from the experimentalism of knowledge through allegories, rehearsing the theoretical-methodological productivity of the benjaminian allegorical episteme in the legibility of the images and tensioning the forms, correspondences, temporalities and conventions in the examination of images that offer an apprehension of history as an anachrony of sufferings and fights. The background to this approach is the inextricable link between image and politics.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Arthur Schopenhauer e o medo da morte(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-01) LOBATO, Milene Dayana Paes; DEBONA, Vilmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5992703653122811; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-3358; PONTES, Ivan Risafi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8592244270861493All that is known in the phenomenal world are forms of objectification of the Will. The Will is treated by Schopenhauer as blind, arbitrary, tyrannical, and brutal, being responsible for all the suffering of life. Among the various existential fears and consternations, death is the greatest among them, the idea of finitude is what terrifies the human being the most. Knowing this, Arthur Schopenhauer developed a philosophical thought about death that provides a possible answer to the aforementioned common affliction of humanity. Death and life would be partitions of the same cycle in which there are two extremes of non-being: before life and after death. If life and death form a unity, what makes the individual fear death, but not fear life (in the same intensity)? Schopenhauerian thought shows that life should be equally feared since it can be even worse. Death for the subject is only a cessation of consciousness, which is solely the result of organic life and not the cause of it. The lack of awareness of death and the mere awareness of the present (nunc stans) results in the anguish and frustration of not being able to reach eternity. Therefore, the present work problematizes the “philosophy of death” in Schopenhauer and the relationship with the indestructibility of our being-in-itself. It seeks to indicate possibilities for alleviating the fear of death through two ways: that of self-knowledge as Will (metaphysical/knowledge) and that of the search for a more bearable and less unhappy life as possible (eudemonological). Thus, perceiving himself as a constituent of a being-in- itself that is impossible to be annihilated with death, or accepting the impossibility of a life without pain, Schopenhauer shows direct ways for the possibility of overcoming and alleviating the fear of dying – and various other existential fears.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A clínica psicanalítica no hospital: a elaboração do sofrimento psíquico a partir da angústia em pacientes oncológicos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-10) SOUZA, Elaine Antunes de; PENA, Breno Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587208433134328This present work will address the dimension of the psychoanalytic clinic in the hospital, considering the psychic elaboration of suffering in subjects who are overcome by anguish when facing an oncological diagnosis. In the context of oncological treatment, we find the social representation of the disease associated with death, still considered a taboo topic. This social imaginary has very ancient roots in history, being marked by intense physical and psychological suffering, since the disease was often accompanied by death, regardless of the treatment carried out. When it comes to illness due to cancer, the exercise of psychoanalysis in the hospital takes place on an urgent basis, or better said, subjective urgency, in which we seek to understand the psychic repercussions, which are shaken at this moment of illness. The idea of subjective urgency refers to the breaking of the subject's speech when faced with something unbearable, without symbolic mediation. At this moment, lacking words to name this situation, the ill subject positions his psychic reality in action. Suffering manifested through human relationships and the finiteness of one's own body presents itself in an imperious way, as it links suffering to what is ineluctable and escapes the subject's full control. And the body, as it is part of nature, imposes limits in relation to its functioning and duration, which in this case, we can consider the experience of psychological suffering in cancer, being manifested in the body. To understand anguish, which from the beginning became central in psychoanalytic theory, Freud came across this concept in the clinic of neuroses, starting to investigate its forms of psychic manifestations, developing his theory addressing this important concept. In his Draft It is considered one of the most important writings addressed to Fliess, on the affect of anxiety, which associates it with another central concept in psychoanalytic theory, sexuality. We can observe that Freud writes about two theories, the first mentioned as being a transformation of libido and the second, the theory of repression. For Lacan, anguish is an affect, but he considers it not to be a symptom. To the extent that it configures anguish as an affect, it characterizes it aimlessly, completely adrift, because it is never repressed. It is this characteristic of it that makes it so unsettling, as it is not tied to the network of signifiers that is impossible to represent. In this way, the psychoanalytic clinic in the health institution considers the difference between illness inscribed in the body and illness as an experience. In this aspect, the psychoanalyst will seek to provide the transition from the event itself to an experience, enabling the construction of subjectivation, elevating such illness to the position of experience producing unique knowledge. Since we are part of the hospital institution, it is important to think about the time of each subject, since the temporality of the hospital ignores its own temporality. Lacan presents us with the problematic of logic regarding time, discussing the constitution of three instances, namely: the moment of seeing, the time of understanding, the moment of concluding. We can associate these three concepts with the experience of becoming ill with cancer. Being the moment of seeing, the oncological diagnosis and despair emerged in the face of the certainty of one's own death, confronting the patient with the reality of human finitude. When moving to the time of understanding, with the establishment of transference, the subject reaches the process of psychic elaboration. And finally, the psychic work ends with the moment of concluding what you asked about. And as the subject is faced with such subjective experiences, he is confronted with the transience of his own life. The research method used was the clinical case study, carried out in a hospital institution in Belém do Pará, a reference in oncological treatment. The general objective was to understand psychoanalytic clinical practice in the hospital context, specifically the psychic elaboration based on the experience of anguish in cancer patients. The specific objectives included the investigation of the conception of anguish by Freud, Lacan and their commentators, the exploration of the relationship between anguish and cancer, and the identification of the process of elaboration of psychological suffering in cancer patients.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Homofobia e assistência à saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-18) MORAES FILHO, Leomar Santos; LIMA, Maria Lúcia Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2883065146680171Homophobia is the term used to designate the feeling or attitude directed towards homosexuals that inferiorizes, antagonizes, discriminates or violates them due to their sexuality. The literature indicates that homophobia is socially produced, especially by cisheternormative and sexist ideologies, and can be perpetrated by individuals, communities or institutions. In contemporary times, homophobia has been experiencing a resurgence, especially when combined with living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids). Therefore, this research aims to understand how homophobia impacts the health care of gay and bisexual men living with HIV/AIDS. Based on qualitative research, six gay and bisexual men aged 18 and over were interviewed, with positive HIV serology in an advanced stage of infection and hospitalized in an infectious disease reference unit. The interlocutors were contacted through dialogue with the institution's care team, reading of the medical records and an initial approach by the researcher to present the research. The interviews followed a semi-structured model and were carried out in person at the field hospital. To analyze the information produced, this study used Bardin's content analysis (2016). The results indicate that homophobia is part of everyday life and contemporary social dynamics and when combined with a positive HIV status, it becomes even more complex, producing specific situations of suffering. In the context of health care, among the most significant effects of homophobia, the presupposition of heterosexuality of all users stands out, inability to clinically manage sexuality that differs from heterosexuality and the non-recognition of this marker as clinically relevant health data. Furthermore, the experience of the interlocutors showed that the suffering they experienced has interfaces both with their life stories and experiences prior to the diagnosis and the context of inequities, social injustice, oppression and negligence by the State to which they are exposed.