Navegando por Assunto "Supercritical extraction"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação da tecnologia supercrítica no desenvolvimento de suplemento alimentar a base de extrato de murici (Byrsonima crassifolia)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-29) PIRES, Flavia Cristina Seabra; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748
Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia) is a fruit that has great therapeutic potential due to the presence of lutein, a carotenoid valued in the food supplementation market focused on eye health. Due to its riskiness, it became necessary to apply industrial processes that enable the increase of shelf life, the diversification of use and consumption, the addition of value and the expansion of the murici market, with the use of clean technologies associated with the incentive to the bioeconomy. Thus, the work entitled "Application of supercritical technology in the development of a food supplement based on murici extract (Byrsonima crassifolia)" was developed with the purpose of studying and applying murici extracts, extracted and nanoencapsulated via extraction with supercritical CO2, in food supplement. For this, the first step was to develop a study on obtaining extracts of murici pulp by supercritical technology. The best conditions for supercritical extraction of murici pulp were determined, with CO2 and CO2+ethanol, through variations in pressure (15 to 49 MPa), temperature (323.15 to 343.15 K), density (654 to 946 kg/m3 ), CO2 flow (8.85×10−5 to 1.33×10−4 kg / s) and dynamic extraction time (3600 to 10800 s), where the global yield isotherms, the bioactive compounds present in the extracts were obtained and in the extraction beds, such as: lutein, fatty acids, triglycerides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Functional quality, antioxidant capacity/activity, and cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects were also evaluated. The study of supercritical extraction made it possible to obtain non-toxic oils with a high content of lutein, consisting of long chain triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 and 9, and with antioxidant, antihypercholesterolemic, anti-atherosclerogenic, anti-thrombogenic and cytoprotective activities, where the best extraction condition was obtained at 343.15 K/ 49 MPa/ 900 kg/m3 . It also made it possible to obtain non-toxic ethanol extracts from defatted pulp, a by-product in the food industry, containing lutein, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, where the best extraction condition was obtained at 343.15 K/ 22 MPa/ 775 kg/m3 . Due to the cytoprotective effect, murici oil was used for the production of particles through the process of supercritical fluid of emulsions extraction (SFEE), where it was possible to produce murici oil nanoparticles with good concentration/retention of lutein, reduced size of particles and with high stability, where the best formulation of the starting emulsions was obtained with the thickener xanthan gum, with the emulsifier csgel and in a concentration of 6 mg / mL of murici oil, and the best condition of the SFEE process was the 8 MPa, 313.15 K, static period of 3600 s and dynamic period of 18000 s. From this, it was possible to obtain powdered SFEE emulsions of murici oil by lyophilization and spray drying with humidity, water activities, particle sizes, stability and lutein levels suitable for use in food supplements loaded in vegetable capsules. Vegetable capsules loaded with powdered SFEE emulation of murici oil by lyophilization and spray drying were within the loading standards for commercialization, where it was possible to obtain dietary supplements of murici oil, rich in lutein. Therefore, the present thesis showed that it is possible to use supercritical technology in the murici-based food supplements production chain, to facilitate the access and stability of the compounds to which the murici's therapeutic potentials are attributed. This work verticalized the importance of research on the functional effect of murici and on the use of supercritical technology, which contributed to the development of the region's bieconomics and new products by science, technology and food engineering, with a great return to society
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da natureza da matriz sólida sobre a extração supercrítica de óleos vegetais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) COSTA, João Fernando Alves; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The extraction of substances from solid substrates both low and high pressures involves at least two phases, a solid and another fluid. The content of the solute in each phase is expressed in terms of the volume of phase and / or volume of solvent. Then, by modeling the interfacial mass transfer it requires a partition coefficient. In general, the simplest way to address this problem is to model the phases separately. The mechanism predominant mass transfer can vary from system to system. For some substrates higher resistance may be in the solid phase and for others it is in the fluid phase. As the interface concentrations for each phase are represented by different variable, phases have to be modeled separately. However, depending on the system, there may be a transfer mechanism predominated over the other, and many effects can be discarded for simplification of the model. The utilization of simpler mathematical models requires a combination of variables for definition of parameters that can represent the phenomenon. In this work the extraction curves were fitted to a model which describes the interfacial mass transfer like a first order kinetics, since the constant of the extraction rate is the unique adjustment parameter. It has been proposed that the adjustment parameter depends on the solubility of solute in the supercritical solvent and on the solid substratum characteristics. To avail that, extraction experiments with babaçu, powder açaí and pupunha pulp using super-critic carbon dioxide at 20, 25 and 30 MPa and temperature of 50°C have been carried out. The results showed that the experimental data fit well to a model with a constant characteristic of each material, with values 4.1983 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to babaçu, 4.2258 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to pupunha pulp, to 10-5 m/kg∙s to powder açaí.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do teor de espilatol no ciclo de cultura de duas cultivares de Aemella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen em extratos obtidos por entração supercritica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) SILVA, Ana Paula de Souza e; FERREIRA, Gracialda Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4250668524181387; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580
Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen is a species native to South America, popularly known as jambu, and has been consumed for many years as an ornamental, medicinal, and food plant. To obtain espilantol, the main bioactive compound of this species, various extraction techniques have been used in order to obtain the isolated substance, since it is not commercially available. Among the techniques, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction stands out as it showed high selectivity for espilantol, with yields above 50%, resulting in a purity above 90% of the isolated compound. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of rainfall and harvest time on the yield of spilanthol with supercritical CO2 in two cultivars of Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen flowers, as well as to evaluate their pharmacological effect. For this purpose, the following procedures were performed: raw material characterization; optimization of the process variables (flow and time); obtaining of extracts by supercritical extraction; determining of the process cost on an analytical scale; determination of the total phenolic compounds concentration in the extracts by Folin-Ciocalteu method; spilanthol content quantification in the extracts by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and evaluation of its antinociceptive in vivo activity. The main results were: the mineral analysis indicated high levels of iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium; the process optimization resulted in a CO2 use decrease from 955,8g to 477,9g, and reduced extraction costs from R$ 20.47 to R$ 11.45. The higher espilantol content was 29.22%, while the highest phenolic content was 43.04%. The flowers of both Acmella oleracea cultivars were considered good sources of iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. The highest values of extract yield, spilanthol content and total phenolic compounds were obtained in the rainy season and in the shortest harvest times. Between the two cultivars evaluated, no significant statistical differences were found.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extração do óleo de tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare) usando CO2 supercrítico visando o aumento de escala
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-04) MENEZES, Eduardo Gama Ortiz; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580
With the growing worldwide demand for products and wealth generation, there is a need to invest in new sustainable processes and engineering practices for scale expansion. Thus, the objective of this work was to obtain β-carotene-rich tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare) oil using supercritical CO2 and to verify the adequacy of two new scale-up equations. Therefore, two isotherms and three pressures (40°C, 60°C, 150bar, 250bar, 400bar) were used. In the condition that presented the highest oil and β-carotene extraction yield, a kinetic study was carried out, followed by the application of a new equation based on Buckingham's π theorem. The highest oil extraction yield (31.49±0.04%) was obtained at 60°C and 400bar with a high concentration of oleic acid, and this yield was similar to the value obtained by soxhlet, which was 32.73±0, 59% oil. The application of the Tukey test (p <0.05) shows that there is no significant difference between the extraction yield obtained in the isotherm of 40 °C and 60 °C in the pressure condition of 400bar. The highest concentration of β-carotene (1351.8±0.02 μg/g) was obtained at 40°C and 400bar, and the solvent density was considered the most significant variable with the greatest influence on β-carotene extraction. The kinetic study carried out with the application of a new mathematical proposal based on the correlation between operational variables (solvent flow, feed mass, height and diameter of the extraction bed), mass transfer mechanism and constancy of the inclination angle of the kinetic curves that , for a solvent flow rate of 10.93 g/min, on the larger scale, the diffusive step controlled the mass transfer mechanism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulação do processo de extração supercrítica do óleo de tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare) usando aspenHYSYS
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-25) MORAIS, Rayelle Mendonça; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580
The adaptation of industrialization in the form of a sustainable economy, technological advances and computational benefits have motivated the use of process simulators to evaluate the potential of oleaginous species native to the Amazon region through fast and automated simulations. Therefore, the objective of this work was to apply the AspenHYSYS simulator to describe the tucumã-do-Pará oil extraction process using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. The feasibility of simulations of the tucumã oil extraction process using the mathematical models of Menezes et al. (2023) and Tan and Liou (1989) were comparatively evaluated with experimental data previously selected from the literature. Simulations of the supercritical extraction of tucumã-do Pará oil found that the model by Menezes et al. (2023) was adequate to describe the experimental kinetic data for all evaluated systems, which presented an RSD with a lower value of 0.57. The energy and material cost were calculated, and the value obtained (2.82 R$/g of oil) together with the high concentration of bioactives in the product demonstrate that the studied process presents a positive cost-benefit ratio. An increase in scale was carried out for beds 1, 5, 10 and 50L. For beds of up to 10L, an adequate projection of the process was obtained, considering that the deviations obtained were less than 1, however, for 50L, the adjustment presented a deviation of 58, which may infer that the model used has a scalability limit. Simulations of the supercritical extraction of tucumã-do-Pará oil, using AspenHYSYS, led to values consistent with the experimental data, thus confirming that the studied plant proved to be an effective tool for the study of the process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Teor de pilocarpina em extratos das folhas de jaborandi (pilocarpus microphyllus stapf ex wardleworth) obtidos via extração supercrítica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-04) BEZERRA, Priscila do Nascimento; FERREIRA, Gracialda Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4250668524181387; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Raul Nunes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5544305606838748; ttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-6580
Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Wardleworth, known as jaborandi, is one of the few natural sources of alkaloid pilocarpine, which is obtained through aggressive methodologies to the environment. Thus, there is a need for scientific research to obtain this compound without pleasing the environment, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). In the development of this research, SFE was performed by CO2 and CO2 + EtOH, which were conducted with 40 and 60 ºC at 200, 290, and 420 bar pressure. The use of cosolvent and the increase in the pressure and temperature increased the mass yield and the polar compounds contents, such as pilocarpine and phenolic compounds. The highest values of mass yield (4.78±0.38%), pilocarpine content (2.37±0.02 % wt of pilocarpine/wt of extract x 100), and phenolic compounds content (173.67±1.5 mg GAE/g of extract) were obtained at the same condition (60 ºC/420 bar with CO2 + 10 % EtOH). The only difference was found in the antioxidant activity, which achieved its best performance at 40 ºC/ 200 bar with CO2 + 10 % EtOH, however, it achieved its most promising results in the samples obtained with cosolvent, as well as the best results in mass yield, pilocarpine content, and phenolic compounds content. The extraction condition with the highest pilocarpine content was used to perform the kinetics and the curve obtained was adjusted in the Sovová (2012) model, showing a good fit.