Navegando por Assunto "Sustentabilidade urbana"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores sustentáveis urbano em uma mesorregião amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-29) SILVA, Elisane Gabriel do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401 Orcid iD ? https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Global concerns about environmental degradation have emerged since the 1970s, reflected in conferences, meetings, reports, among others, carried out by the United Nations (UN), which international agreements arise in favor of preserving the world's biodiversity. Perceptions on Sustainable Urban Development encompass the conceptualizations of evolution, social awareness and environmental conservation. In order to measure global Sustainable Development, the Agenda 30 published by the UN comes into force, with 169 goals, broken down into 254 indicators, whichthey do not assess municipal sustainability. The objective of this study is to propose a system of indicators that allows the analysis of urban sustainability in the face of the social, political institutional and environmental dimensions of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém. The Urban Sustainable Indicators Matrix (MASU) was designed using that data collection carried out through internet sites, at no cost to the researcher. To validate this proposal, two methodologies were applied: the Likert Scalar method (adapted), and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, that analyzes results are divided into two chapters. The results obtained by the Likert Scale method (adapted) point to sustainability by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Environmental and Political-Institutional Dimensions, consecutively, highlighting the municipalities of Belém and Santa Bárbara do Pará as sustainable, and the municipalities of Marituba, Inhangapi and Castanhal as unsustainable. The sustainability achieved by the municipalities infers cities with Sustainable Development, although this sustainability is associated by the relative analysis of the data sample. While the application of the PCA method showed sustainability in by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Political-Institutional Dimension, highlighting the municipalities with Sustainable Development being Barcarena, Santa Barbara do Pará, Inhangapi and Santa Isabel do Pará as sustainable, due to the criteria of signs and similarities, measured through the data of the Principal Components (CPs). That way, MASU highlighted realistic results, showing (un)favorable indicators for local sustainability, providing subsidies to public management to solve specific problems and develop effective public policies to meet the needs of the population and achieve Sustainable Urban Development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecosystem services and urban vegetation coverage in Belém: the influence on noise pollution, air pollution and climate regulation
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-27) CARVALHO, Roberta Mendonça De; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The ties between urban areas and environmental issues are growing as strong as the global awareness of the need to conserve, improve and valorize the ecosystem services provided by nature, in order to ensure the sustainability of life in and outside cities. Green vegetation coverage (or green areas) is one of the major sources of such services. Considering that there is no turning back on urbanization process, and the urban environmental problems are on the rise, the urban green areas should be among the elements that influence urban life quality. As a result of the urbanization process, the city of Belém has lost a great percentage of its natural ecosystems. This work focused at analyzing ecosystem services (air quality, air pollution and climate regulation) provided by local vegetation coverage quality and quantity, considering the spatial distribution and temporal changes on three administrative districts. A theoretical framework was built and assessed while vegetation coverage was calculated using NDVI and Fractional Vegetation Coverage on LANDSAT 5 imagery over a 23-year period. Owing to a more detailed scale, NDVI enabled conducting the quantitative and qualitative analyses of vegetation coverage, which showed significant loss of very dense, dense and moderate vegetation coverage and an increase in poor vegetation and bare soil areas. In addition, the study findings revealed increased noise pollution, decrease in air quality and increase in temperature, all resulting from changes in natural coverage. The significant lack of environmental data leaves no doubt about the urgency of investing on vegetation coverage for the urban sustainability in Belém, given that both actual and forecast scenarios indicate drastic green area losses. Hence, more research and both public and private initiatives are encouraged to contribute to the development of Belém ecosystems services and contribute to the enhancement of public well-being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regularização fundiária sustentável como instrumento para o direito à cidade: por uma nova ética urbana à luz de Ronald Dworkin
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-21) ALVES, Maria Júlia Almeida da Silva; DIAS, Daniella Maria dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1345611606547188
This work make an analyses of the urbanization’s process, which principal characteristic is the economic social and spatial segregation of low-income population, noticeable by the phenomenon of urban periphery experienced by this segment of society. Without ways to formal access to urban land, the low-income population residing in urban areas promotes the illegal occupation of areas that lack or poor infrastructure and urban services, which generally are not required by the formal housing market. The unequal form of urban spaces appropriation is because of the capitalist way of appropriation. In this context of unequality, exclusion, segregation it is insert the issue of illegal occupation of the margins of water courses located in urban areas, which are especially protected by environmental legislation, what lead us to the principal target of this work: the possibility of implementing actions of sustainable land regularization in occupations of social interest, consolidated in urban areas located on the banks of water courses, analyzed as a tool to combat the social-spatial segregation process experienced by the low-income population due to the capitalist production process of urban spaces. To do so since the concrete analyses of two cases it uses the regularization actions as an instrument for achieving the right to sustainable cities, housed in the Brazilian legal in Federal Law No. 10.257/2001, claiming it as a fundamental right, based on equality theory of legal philosopher Ronald Dworkin. The problematic issue that the work reveals is the apparent conflict between the need for care of the fundamental rights of the resident population of these occupations and the duty to maintain an ecologically balanced environment, of which solution is guided by weighing up the principles and values instilled in them, based on the concept of law as integrity, also developed by Ronald Dworkin.