Navegando por Assunto "Temperatura do ar"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das características socioambientais na cidade de Belém/PA: um estudo da vegetação e clima urbano
(Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2017-01-24) RODRIGUES, José Edilson Cardoso; AMORIM, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644811083291335
In recent decades the rapid growth of cities has caused substantial changes in the urban landscape, making start to generate their own environmental conditions and which are not always favorable to the population. One of the changes observed is the urban climate generation, because the city changes the climate mainly in micro and meso scale, through the surface changes causing the temperature rise, precipitation change, the winds flow modification and humidity. Another major change observed in the urban landscape is the reduction of vegetation cover, which performs various functions in the social, aesthetic and climatic context softening temperature and humidifying the in the urban environment and other. Interest in the study of the interaction between vegetation and urban climate of the city of Belém-PA, due to the reduction that vegetation has suffered and may have a significant impact on intraurban temperature that has seen an increase in recent decades. Thus, the main objective was to conduct a study relating to the reduction of the vegetation cover and the change in temperature patterns in the area that is the First League Balance of Belém-PA. The methodology embraced a conceptual theoretical analysis, with the method of the hypothetical-deductive analysis, adopting as a theoretical reference the urban climate system proposed by Monteiro (1976), emphasizing the thermodynamic subsystem. In proceedings conducted cartographical survey, use of thermal images, mapping of vegetation cover for lifting Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) and Vegetation Cover Index by Inhabitant (VCI / I), land use mapping, survey of temperature, time and space from INMET data, fixed mini-stations, transects and field work for records and observations. Thus, it was found that the loss of plant cover in Belém has been considered a historical process due to the city occupation process. Looking for VCI District, the DABEL (9.41%) had the highest rate, followed by DASAC (5.66%) and DAGUA (3.37%). The time temperature analysis showed a considerable growth trend over the decades and from thermal images the temperature of targets experienced fluctuations, especially in some neighborhoods located further north and south of League. Neighborhoods with little vegetation had higher temperatures compared to neighborhoods with large trees. Therefore, the loss of plant cover in the First League area associated with high temperatures has revealed a worrying environmental framework, particularly in neighborhoods that had VCI low and high density buildings which is directly reflected in the increase in temperature in these neighborhoods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos efeitos térmicos de superfície na cidade de Belém-Pará-Brasil utilizando imagens de satélite
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-12) CORRÊA, Leda Vilhena; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
Using observational data of precipitation and air temperature from1967 to 2008, which drafted the climatology of these variables and analyzed the weather influenced by ENOS, were made an identification, characterization and analysis of spatial thermal effects in Belem (PA), from surface meteorological data and MODIS sensor images (which is prepared on a platform of the Aqua satellite). The average annual precipitation was 2978.6 mm/year, and presented an upward trend over the years, similar behavior has proved to the air temperature. In General, the results show two centers of greater intensity of surface temperatures: a center in Belem and another center in nearby town, Ananindeua. These centers vary spatially and temporally in intensity. During La Niña events, the center of heat island is located in the neighborhoods closest to Guajara Bay, while in the El Niño events, these neighborhoods have milder temperatures than the neighborhoods farther from water sources. The thermal amplitude of surface temperature between urban and rural areas varies greatly, with largest variation of 30,8°C and the lowest of 16,8°C. Thus, the highest surface temperatures were observed in neighborhoods with low NDVI, which is a consequence of a denser urbanization. Urban areas and most vegetated surfaces show cause/effect relationships very close, especially during the dry season, this can be realized by correlation that has value greater than 50%. This study presents results that assist in better understanding of behavior and spatial and temporal thermal effects in Belem, because the use of satellite images is important for the identification and characterization of climatic environmental conditions and urban heat islands.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de sensoriamento remoto na análise espaço-temporal das ilhas de calor e ilhas de frescor urbanas no município de Belém - Pará, nos anos de 1997 e 2008
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-30) CASTRO, Allison Reynaldo da Costa; SANTOS, Odete Cardoso de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1908818896169417
The urbanization has been provoking local variations in several climatic elements, among them it a increase of the temperature of the air, provoking the emergence of portions of the space with larger temperatures than the areas to yours spill, that calls her of urban islands of heat. Among the causes of the appearance of the islands of heat, the retreat of the vegetable covering is the most relevant. The purpose of this work was to identify, through the technique of remote sensing, the urban islands of heat and the urban islands of coolness in the continental area of the Municipal district of Belem, as well as the variation of the vegetable covering, comparing the results of the years of 1997 and 2008, in order to reveal a possible relationship between the variation of the vegetable covering and the islands of heat and urban islands of coolness. To develop this research, it was fallen back upon thermal images of sensor TM for determination of the temperature values, as well as data of temperature of the air observed in the stations: climatological conventional of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET), meteorological sinotic of Val-of-Cans and meteorological automatic sinotic of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET). The vegetable covering was also determined with use of the images of sensor TM, with the bands 3,4 and 5. In agreement with the obtained results, it was ended that there was an increase of the urban islands of heat in 2008, mainly in the located neighborhoods in the areas of the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and Highway Arthur Bernardes, and reduction of the islands of coolness in several parts of the continental area of Belem, due to the absence of the vegetable covering, in relation to the year of 1997. It was also possible to identify that in the study area, there was a reduction of the existent vegetable covering in 2008 in comparison with 1997, reduction that that happened mainly in the area that is besides to 1st Patrimonial League of the municipal district of Belem, in the axis understood between the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and the Highway Arthur Bernardes, enlarging the urban area and the increase of the temperature, that it favored the expansion of islands of heat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Climatologia da estrutura vertical da atmosfera em novembro para Belém-PA
(2010-06) ANANIAS, Daniela dos Santos; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; SOUZA, Paulo Fernando de Souza; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; TEIXEIRA, Gleyciano Mendes; FERREIRA, Douglas Batista da Silva
The present work reports a diagnostic study on the vertical structure of air temperature, dew point temperature and relative humidity over the region of Belém-PA (eastern Amazon), based on monthly dataset for a period of 26 years (1982 to 2007). The focus is on the transition period from dry to wet season in the eastern Amazon, i.e., the month of November. Two contrasting composites in relation to the rainfall regime were considered: the wet and the dry year's composites, which were established objectively by the percentiles method. The results showed that the main difference observed in the temperature and humidity profiles, comparing dry and wet years, occurs in the atmospheric layer between the middle and upper levels of the troposphere (between the patterns level from 700 hPa to 400 hPa). In this layer, the difference between air temperatures and dew point is significantly higher and the contrast of moisture associated with convection also shows the highest values. In general, the compositions showed that the temperature profiles anomalously warmer (cold) and the moisture profiles anomalously wetter (dry) are associate to the years of rainfall above (below) of normal in the region of Belém-PA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxos de calor no dossel vegetativo e infiltração de água no solo, em floresta tropical
(2011-12) DANTAS, Vanessa de Almeida; SILVA, Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da; COSTA, Antonio Carlos Lôla da; CHAGAS, Glayson Francisco Bezerra das
This study assessed the seasonal and annual variations in both sensible and latent heat storage fluxes in the canopy air-space of tropical rainforest, as well as the infiltration rate in soil in two experimental plots one with exclusion of rainfall and other under actual rainfall. The data used in this study were obtained during the ''Long-term drought impact on water and carbon dioxide fluxes in Amazonian Tropical Rainforest Experiment'' (ESECAFLOR) which is subproject of Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazon forest (LBA), carried out in Caxiuaná National Forest, Pará, Brazil. The air temperature and relative humidity data were collected in a forest profile for each 8 m height layer throughout the 2008 year in order to determine the sensible and latent heat storage fluxes during the rainy season (February, March and April) and less rainy season (September, October and November). The results indicated that sensible heat stored flux in rainforest canopy during the 2008 year was 167.93 W m-2, while the latent heat stored was 5184.38 W m-2. The infiltration rate in the forest was dramatically reduced in the first minutes of the experiment, regardless of soil moisture conditions, and then it presented almost constant behavior throughout the time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A influência do crescimento urbano na variação de temperatura no bairro de Val-de-Cans em Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-23) MONTEIRO, Luciana Danielle Antunes; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
These days, global, regional and local climatic changes represent one of the biggest concerns for humanity. Studies indicate that these changes can due to both natural and anthropogenic causes. The air temperature is one of the meteorological variables modified by it. This study aims to analyze the hourly variation of air temperature and dew point over 31 years, in the region located around the Belem International Airport. Air temperature and dew point hourly data were used and analyzed by period: I (1975-1984), II (1985-1994) and III (2003-2013). The 1995-2002 period was not made available for this study. The data analyses were carried out using hourly, monthly and yearly air temperature and dew point averages for each period. In the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, the Morlet Wavelet Technique was used to check the signal where temperatures have greater variability. In addition, satellite images for the years 1985 and 2013 were used to identify the percentage of green urban areas and Land surface temperature (LST) and the Effective Temperature Index (ET) for the thermal comfort analysis, both in the Val-de-Cans region. Over these periods, we could notice an increase of 0,4°C in the maximum temperature analysis and 0,9°C in the minimum temperature one. The daily maximum and minimum temperature presented intensity in the signal in the annual cycle which can be related to annual scale natural events that influence their own variation. We also verified that there was a reduction of about 665,7 hectares in green areas in the Val-de-Cans region, during 29 years. The results also showed a lower surface temperature in 1985 than in 2013. In 2013, we observed that as the urban areas increased, the green urban areas decreased, consequently increasing the heated areas. Through the Effective Temperature Index, we could verify the maximum values of TE in period III, in other words, thermic stress which is likely to have an impact on quality of life of human population and biodiversity. The thermal behavior seemed effectively influenced by the urbanization process.