Navegando por Assunto "Testes de campo visual"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da competência leitora nas estratégias de organização perceptual da cena visual em escolares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02) RESQUE, Deusa Priscila da Silva; MATOS, Felipe de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4207066833785568; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-4694; PEREIRA JUNIOR, Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1402289786010170; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-1058
The current Brazilian educational scenario, evaluated by different national and international indicators, has shown alarming results in mathematics, science and especially in reading. The country is in the last positions in all evaluations. For the change of this scenario, urgent educational measures that respect the student's biological and social development are necessary. The applied neurosciences to education emerge as a theoretical model of aid for pedagogical practices that aim to improve quality in education. An important contribution of neurosciences in education is focused on reading, through a theoretical/practical contribution on brain functioning those points more effective paths for literacy with a view to reading competence. In this sense, it was possible to understand that the human species has not yet developed a specific neural system for reading, using other brain structures for this function, ie literacy depends on a neural recycling process of brain structures associated with Sensory, motor and language functions, as is the case with brain regions associated with faces recognition, to accommodate the decoding of the written word. The aim of this study is to investigate reading in school -age children. To this end, the present thesis divided into two studies: Study 1 that investigates the inhibition of the generalization of letters in mirror in school -age children and the study 2 that investigates the relationship between reading competence and perceptual organization strategies of the visual scene in schools . Both studies were conducted in three public schools in the Belém do Pará Metropolitan Region, Brazil. Altogether two hundred and thirty -one subjects aged 6 to 10 years (113 boys, 8.2 ± 1.4 years and 118 girls, 8.2 ± 1.4 years), enrolled 1 to 5th years, were recruited, 1,2 ± 1.4 years old) elementary School. Among these eighty -eight subjects were students from school 1, fifty -two from school 2 and ninety from the school 3. In all, six tests were applied, each school participated in a different group of tests. Our results show that the performance of boys in the 6-10 year old is different from that of girls in the same age group for the reading competence test, with boys with higher performance, although it is not possible to establish differences between genders to the perceptual closure test. What's more, while boys performed significantly better in the rotation of letters in the older group, girls' performance was similar in both groups. This pattern is reverse for the mirror's task, with the older girls surpassing their younger counterparts and the boys performing similarly in both groups. Since the age period of our sample is not associated with large variations in reproductive steroid levels, we propose that the similarity of performance between younger and older girls in the mental rotation of letters may be associated with society's traditional attitudes and expectations and expectations about the relationship between spatial visual skills and gender. As for the mirror's task, while only girls showed a significant difference between the two age groups, the boys showed improvement, as expected by the mirror generalization inhibition to letters during reading. These findings are relevant to the development of more effective future strategies for optimizing the literacy process of school -age children, combining education and neuroscience. For this, more studies must be performed and the number of subjects investigated should be expanded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tamanho de tumores da região selar como um preditor de perdas psicofísicas e eletrofisiológicas de campo visual
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11) LOBÃO, Carlos Augusto Ferreira; SOUZA, Givago da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705421011644718; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-3971
Sellar region tumor growth represents an important cause of visual loss due mechanical compression of the optic nerve apparatus. Many investigations have used non-invasive tools to evaluate the visual field consequences of this damage, and good association have been reported between psychophysical and electrophysiological perimetry. Few reports have considered the tumor size as predictor of the visual field loss. Objectives: In the present study, it was evaluated the association between tumor size and visual perimetry alterations measured by a psychophysical method, the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer perimetry, and an electrophysiological method using the multifocal visual evoked cortical potential (mfVECP). Methods: The analyzed sample was composed by 14 patients diagnosed with sellar tumors on magnetic resonance imaging. The number of sectors with negative visual responses for both methods was counted. A simple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the tumor dimensions and the visual field features. Results: Three patients had preserved visual fields, three patients showed hemianopic defects, and eight patients had generalized visual field losses at both evaluations. It was observed that the three maximum diameters of the tumor and total tumor volume had different predictive abilities regarding the extent of visual field loss when using psychophysical and mfVECP data. The maximum craniocaudal diameter of the tumor was the better predictor of the psychophysical measurements, while for mfVECP results, all tumor dimensions and volume had similar value to predict visual field losses. Conclusion: Sellar region tumor size is a predictor of visual loss found on psychophysical and electrophysiological visual perimetry. This correlation has potential to assist in the clinical intervention, and to prevent the irreversible visual impairment caused by these tumors to the patient.