Navegando por Assunto "Testes de equivalência"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de simetria por comparação de treinos de emparelhamento ao modelo sucessivo (go/no-go)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-16) PICANÇO, Carlos Rafael Fernandes; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Successive matching-to-sample (go/no-go) has been pointed out as an effective procedure to reduce stimulus control digressions in conditional relation training with non-humans. Other studies suggest the comparison between (symmetrical and non symetrical) conditional discrimination acquisition curves as a way to evaluate properties of equivalence relations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using both procedures above mentioned in evaluating the property of symmetry in four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp). Stimulus presentation, activation of devices, and response recording were automatically controlled by software. Subjects were maintained under conditions approved by IBAMA. By mean of an “ABAB” single subject design, the acquisition of symmetrical (A) and non-symmetrical (B) conditional discriminations were compared. In both Condition A and B, conditional relations A-B and B-A were simultaneously trained so that in every condition, four new arbitrary conditional discriminations (with new stimuli arbitrarily related) were presented. When symmetrical, positive combinations were A1-B1, A2 B2, B1-A1, and B2-A2, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A2 and B2 A1. When non-symmetrical, positive combinations were A1 B1, A2 B2, B1 A2, and B2 A1, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A1 e B2 A2. Two of the four subjects (Negão e Bongo) completed que acquisition of one (Bongo) or two (Negão) sets of conditional relations (Conditions A-symmetrical and B-non-symmetrical) for the evaluation of the viability of the procedure to verify the property of symmetry. Data demonstrate that the method here reported detected the presence of the property of symmetry in the conditional relations leraned by Negão and its absence in the conditional relations learned by Bongo. Data are inconclusive for the other two subjects. One detailed analysis of the performance of each subject and its measures is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Discriminação auditivo-visual em adultos com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-21) PEREIRA, Fabiane da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
The expectation of the cochlear implant (CI) user is recovering auditory sensitivity and understands spoken language. Considering the auditory rehabilitation as a prerequisite for the development of language skills, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training on the behavior of the listener to speaker in this group, check the emergence of relationships and the generalization to indirectly taught voice different frequency. Participated of the study three adults with profound, bilateral, neurosensory hearing, loss post-lingual, CI users, with time deprivation (TD) ranging from 5 months to 23 years. Data were collected with a computer with touch screen and application programming routines for the teaching and testing. The teaching program, with seven stages, had choice according to the model. Phase 1) Pre-train for habituation, the participant with auditory-visual tasks by fading out, 2) Pre-test naming and reading, to select 8 words for training, 3) Training of relations between dictated words and figures; 4) Training of relations between dictated words and written words; 5) Testing equivalence class, which were not directly taught; 6) generalization testing, with the dictated words, with an adult male voice; 7) Post-test of picture naming and word reading. Two of the three participants learned the tasks (Phases 3 and 4), and showed equivalence class (Phase 5) e generalization (Phase 6). All of the participants improved their ability of speaking after the study (Phase 7). The performance of the participant with 23 years of TD, which presented difficulties in oral language, was low, indicating further investigation of the variables due to flaw on the training, or to the IC operation, or inappropriate use of the device, etc. More studies are required to evaluate the potential of the procedure adopted for the auditory rehabilitation of CI users.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do ensino de discriminação condicional de sentenças sobre a emergência de relações sintáticas para deficientes auditivos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) SANTOS, Rafael Ernesto Arruda; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The growing contingent of deaf people in human society has a fundamental basic reading academic behavior in social inclusion policies. The proposed study seeks to observe the teaching of conditional discrimination sentences on the emergence of syntactic relations, from the construction of sentences in the affirmative and negative assertions in deaf children. Pre-tests verify the repertoire readings in LBS and Portuguese. The study used three sets of stimuli: A - Signs in LSB, B - words written in Portuguese and C - figures. The conditional relations AB and AC were taught and BA relations, CA, BC and CB tested with no differential feedback. The procedure adopted was matching-to-sample (MTS) to teach reading words. After training and testing, the participant was exposed to the constructed-response matching-to-sample (CRMTS) of affirmative and negative sentences. The participant should write sentences in the presence of a model (LBS signals or written sentences), from words written in Portuguese (or LBS) to compose the affirmative sentences and negative sentences. Next, specific tests for CRMTS evaluated the formation of new sentences, including a recombination test.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do ensino por resposta construída simultânea e com atraso sobre a produção e leitura de sentenças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-27) BANDEIRA, Taynan Marques; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Studies have used procedure constructed response matching to sample (CRMTS) to teach spelling of words. In this procedure the answer is constructed by selecting individual components presented as comparisons stimuli conditionally to the sample stimulus. It can be performed to the presence of the sample (simultaneous constructed response matching to sample ou SCRMTS) or after its removal (delayed constructed response matching to sample or DCRMTS). This study compared the effectiveness of training by SCRMTS and DCRMTS in the production and reading of sentences, as well as the maintenance of the repertoire after 20 days. Participants were seven children with a minimum repertoire of naming letters, syllables and some words. In Pre-tests none of the participants answered textually or correctly constructed sentences and only one score textual behavior of 73% of the words of the study. Each participant underwent the teaching of words that had errors using CRMTS. With a single-subject design of alternating treatment, all participants were submitted to both teaching procedures, with two different sets of sentences. The test results show that all learned to construct sentences and maintained the repertoire with the two procedures, and emitted a textual behavior and reading with comprehension on the teaching and recombined sentences. The two procedures can be used for teaching and maintenance of syntactic repertoire, although DCRMTS was more effective training. Important variables in using these procedures are discussed and directions for future studies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência de leitura recombinativa de frases em crianças de escolas públicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-05) VALE, Juliana Baía do; BAPTISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
One of the main complaints in the academy concerns reading comprehension difficulty presented by a large segment of Brazilian students, at the various learning levels. Equivalence paradigm has contributed for the understanding of the behavior processes involved in the acquisition and understanding of the texts reading repertoires. This study, through systematic replication, aimed to: 1) verify the outcome of syllable discrimination teaching in textual reading emergency of words and teaching and recombined phrases; 2) investigate the effect of a teaching procedure of discrimination of dictated and printed words (AC) in reading emergency with understanding of words and teaching and recombined phrases; 3) program a teaching procedure capable of producing few or no mistakes at all; 4) improve the procedures used by previous studies, making them more efficient and economical with less performance variability among the participants. The stimuli were auditive, visual, and auditive - visuals (syllables, words, and spoken and printed phrases, as well as printed pictures). Conditional discrimination teaching was done between words/ spoken phrases and pictures (AB Relation) syllables/ words/ spoken phrases and printed stimuli AC relation). Six experimental phases were programmed. The reading unit was gradually expanded during the phases, and by Phase V they were composed of demonstrative pronouns, concrete nouns, adjectives and intransitive verbs. All participants showed textual reading of simple and complex syllables and immediate emergency with understanding of the teaching words. Most participants promptly showed the textual reading of the words. All participants, but for one, showed emergency of textual reading of all phrases with four words. Most participants promptly showed reading with understanding of words and phrases. On Phase III, most participants showed reading of phrases with two words during the first exposition, and one female participant read correctly in the second exposition. On Phase IV, five participants showed textual reading of phrases with three words during the first exposition while a female participant after the reading emergency with understanding. In the repertoire maintenance test, most participants read all study words and phrases, except for two participants during the reading of phrases with two and three words. The performance of the participants occurred during the reading of phrases with four words. These results indicate that if the discrimination between syllables were taught directly, recombinative generalized reading emergency of words and up to four components phrases will occur without establishing the partial control, meanwhile special learning procedures will not be felt necessary.