Navegando por Assunto "Traditional communities"
Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Comunidade quilombola do Subaé e o licenciamento ambiental de linha de transmissão de energia na Bahia: violação ao direito da consulta prévia, livre e informada(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-30) ARAUJO, Luciéte Duarte; TRECCANI, Girolamo Domenico; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4319696853704535; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-9881The research proposes to identify the mechanisms used by federal agencies, municipal and by Sterlite Power Grid Ventures Limited that favored the violation of the right to prior, free, informed and good consultationfaith provided for in ILO Convention 169 in the environmental licensing of LT 500 kV Port of Sergipe (SE) - Olindina (BA) - Sapeaçu (BA) C1 Associated Substations, from the study of Quilombo Subaé. The provisions of art. 68, from the ADCT of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, which ensures the right to property of quilombola communities. The environmental licensing process of this project is being processed at the Ibama office in Bahia, under number 02001.022704/2018-96 and already includes the release of prior licenses and installation of LT 500 kV. To do so, it is intended to understand the logic (s) that guides (m) decisions, in terms of legal references. It is understood that the parameter adopted by the Brazilian State in environmental licensing of project of this nature is being life, good living and human rights defenses in CRFB/88 and in International Treaties to which Brazil is a relative signatory in the name of development. As for the methodology, it is a case study, the research will follow, as a rule, the hypothetical-deductive approach method and, as for the technical procedures adopted, it is configured as bibliographic and documentary research. We adopted a theoretical matrix with an anti-racist bias to show that the Brazilian state, as well as other modern states originated from a historical and political process of the capitalist-projectcolonial countries of European countries based on the inferiorization of the black subject in such a way that, even today, neoliberal they suffer the violence of structural racism that persists in societies and; of critical theory of law to remind that this system of hierarchical social regulation allows some legal institutions to reproduce arbitrary actions of power that culminate in the impossibility of social and racial justice. Thus, the structures of the state are essentially exclusion, oppression and discrimination. Considering these justifications, we understand the negligence coming from some organs of the country with the Quilombo Subaé in the Municipality of Antônio Cardoso/BA, as a typical case of environmental racism.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Comunidades tradicionais e unidades de conservação no Pará: a influência da criação da Reserva Extrativista Rio Xingu - Terra do Meio, nos modos e vida das famílias locais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-28) CASTRO, Roberta Rowsy Amorim de; OLIVEIRA, Myriam Cyntia Cesar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0949702419746141Nature, as we see it today, has been shaped by human action. However, these actions in some cases have been destructive, making natural resources scarce. Over time, this exploration model has been questioned, emerging several proposals advocating for the ecological and environmental preservation, many of those, in the Amazon. Among several viable social and environmental alternatives, there were the Extractive Reserves, strongly defended by the Rubber Extracting Workers Movement, originally from the Brazilian state of Acre. Even as an alternative to the devastation of the environment and the local traditional culture, the Extractive Reserves, through the established rules in their Management Plan may, in some cases, unable some of the residents’ actions. Seeking to analyze, as assertive as it may be, this study aims to understand the influences created by the establishment of the Extractive Reserve in the Xingu River, located in an area named Terra do Meio (in a free translation “Middle Land”), in the Brazilian state of Pará, the lifestyle and social practices, management of natural resources adopted by the local families. The methodology used was locus immersion research, divided into two visits, between May and August 2012, where through a pre-formulated script, twenty-three families, residents of the reserve, were interviewed. Concerning the methods used to achieve such goal, there were informal conversations, hands-on observation, and direct observation. It was learned that traditional communities have undergone intense historical processes, many of those shattered by conflicts created by land expropriation and harassment by the local population, which corroborated to the establishment of a protected area. After the establishment of the Extractive Reserve, which has happened rapidly, attempting to cease the extraction of natural resources by external actors, the families have felt safer regarding their permanent stay in the area. However, the rules established in the Management Plan have not entirely been seized by them, which is justified by their non-participation in meetings (40%), miscommunication, once external actors language (managers) is not understood (26%), the passive participation of residents when choosing some of the rules and the existing faults in criteria when voting for counselors, both reported in 17% of the interviews. Even demonstrating misunderstandings about the established rules, most interviewed families (between 65% and 78%) complied to follow the rules. Their statements have been analyzed as an alternative to safe keep their lifestyle; even though they are enforced to comply, some residents report one another, deducting that there has continue to carry out the activities as they did before the creation of RESEX, getting outside the established norms. Besides, as the understanding of the rules was done in diferente ways, this may become their justification for non-compliance. It was learned that the families’ lifestyle, regarding activities has not been significantly altered. However, social relations among communities have been shaken due to the enforcement and misunderstanding of the rules, which was legitimized by the increase and externalization of the arguments and gossiping among residents.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo das práticas de mutirão: transformações no conhecimento em comunidades tradicionais do Vale do Mearim, Estado do Maranhão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SOUSA, Elton Rodrigues de; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478The mutirao, viewed as set of social practices developed by the peasant families from São Manoel, brings itself the maintenance of social relations expressed in actions of cooperation and help based in principles of reciprocity and solidarity. These practices contributed for that the studied group build new knowledge and transform your reality. This study cross about mutirao practices, emphasizing the transformations in the knowledge of traditional communities from Valley Mearim, Maranhão state. The study object is inserted in discussions about family farming and extractivism in fields of babaçu palm occurrence (Attalea speciosa), and will be treated in the village of São Manoel, municipality of Lago do Junco, microregion of Médio Mearim, Maranhão State. Highlights are the changes in the intrafamily and interfamily work relations and the importance of local collective organization for the maintenance of social community relations. It is observed that even in the face of great social transformations imposed by a hegemonic economic model, the community maintains an interaction that allows the renovation of cooperation activities and help. Studies already indicated, since the decade of 50, the trend of the disappearance of the practices referred as mutirao, however, observed that in the village of São Manoel, these practices have been renewed even with the changes in the socioeconomic organization of families. In this case study aimed to describe and discuss the practices of mutirao both in current times and the past history of the place, bearing in consideration the economic, politic and cultural aspects. Sought to understand how and why this social group, subordinate to hegemonic economic and social model, maintains and renews, through its intrafamily and interfamily relationships, the practice of mutirao. It is worth mentioning that the process of learning resulting from praxis has contributed to the political organization, the construction of spaces of common use and consolidation of the social visibility politics of São Manoel.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Identidade étnica, formas de enquadramento institucional, modos de fazer e práticas de uso dos ribeirinhos amazônidas: o caso do Assentamento Quilombola na Ilha de Campompema, Abaetetuba, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-19) PEREIRA, Rosenildo da Costa; O`DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188XThis thesis text analyzes from an ethnographic approach how modes of knowledge are mobilized by domestic groups in the context of the territory of traditional communities in the Amazon. The locus where the research was developed is the quilombola settlement São João Batista, located in the city of Abaetetuba, State of Pará. From an ethnographic study, I describe technically how the ways of knowing how to make matapi and its respective use are mobilized by local residents, as well as, I bring to the debate the modes of knowledge of artisanal naval carpentry built in the dynamics of the territory under study. Trait as main objectives: Conduct an ethnographic research in the community, describing modes of knowledge transmitted and mobilized/used/built in relation to the occupied territory until the respective recognition of traditionally occupied lands, whose knowledge has been readjusted over the years; to analyze how the matapi manufacturing process takes place by the local riverside subjects from the anthropology of the technique, ethnographically describing the knowledge processes involved and production stages; make an analysis of the ways in which the matapi instrument is used by residents of the local territory, describing the whole process with the work of fishing with such equipment; and approach, in the same way, the knowledge of the local naval carpentry. The situational analysis points to a set of knowledge mobilized by residents within/in the referenced territory, above all and in a particular way, to artisanal naval carpentry and the making and use of the matapi trap, in a perspective of the anthropology of technique.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A natureza como sujeito de direitos no sistema interamericano de direitos humanos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-02) TEIXEIRA, Marcos Wagner Alves; BENATTI, José Heder; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6884704999022918The present work seeks to demonstrate the evolution of the protection of nature, from the first letters of civil and political rights, reaching the decisions of the Inter-American System of Human Rights, especially of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court IDH), to verify if in the Jurisprudence more of the Inter-American System of Human Rights, Nature is considered a subject of rights. For this purpose, the jurisprudential analysis of 9 (nine) cases judged by the Inter-American Court from 2001 to 2018, related to traditional communities and environmental protection, was used. The methodology used was qualitative-quantitative, through a literature and document review, as well as an empirical study of the IDH Court jurisprudence. Initially, we sought to carry out an analysis of the ethics of Nature, thus contributing to it from an anthropocentric, biocentric and ecocentric perspective, and the points of contact between the various theories. Next, we began to study the evolution of constitutionalism in Latin America, with emphasis on the constitutions of Ecuador and Bolivia, placing Nature on another level by protecting it constitutionally and legally as a subject of law. When investigating the protection of the environment in the international scenario, more specifically in the Inter-American System of Human Rights, we analyzed Advisory Opinion nº 23/2017, since it establishes parameters for the System in environmental protection. We verified that, in a way, the protection of nature is also present in the decisions of the Inter-American Court, not by chance, the environmental preservation, even in a reflexive way, started to have shelter in the System, in the protection of the indigenous territories and of traditional communities. In view of the interrelation of these with tangible and intangible assets, to conclude that despite Advisory Opinion No. 23/2017 it was established that the natural path would be for Nature to recognize the status of subject of rights, the decisions do not conclude from this way, bringing it closer to an anthropocentric vision with socioenvironmental concerns.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “Quem mora em cima da terra é que tem direito!”: o fim da relação freguês-patrão e as novas relações de trabalho na unidade familiar de produção dos chamados “tiradores de açaí” da Vila Monteiro do Rio Preto, no município de Afuá-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARBOSA, Maricélia Gonçalves; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478This dissertation is about changes in the labor relations within and among family units of production in the traditional communities of the so-called "açaí gatherers". Through local narratives by members of a extense family named “The Monteiro of the black River”, we reconstituted this family trajectory, allouing us to learn about transformations incurred Throughout the years, especially on labor relations. The collected data about their history and social practices help us to examine the struggles for land sights the establishment and recognition of their traditional territories, the constitution of new labor relations and their reflections on their social and political actions, as Well as, on the traditional knowledge that drives this community’s natural resources management.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uma viagem aos saberes dos moradores da "Vila Que Era"(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SOUSA, Jocenilda Pires de; REIS, Maria do Socorro BragaThis video presents some of the knowledges that are part of the daily life of the residents of traditional communities, in field visits made in November 2016. Several videos of the Vila Que Era are used in the video in the city of Bragança / Pará, among them, the River, the forest, the pottery workshop, the shipyard. In the capture of the images, a Nikon Coolpix P520 machine and a Canon machine, model PC 1431 were used.