Navegando por Assunto "Traditional populations"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

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Indigenas, quilombolas e dendeicultura na Amazônia: expropriações e relações de poder no Alto do Vale do rio Acará no município de Acará/PA (1980-2021)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-26) SAAVEDRA, Maria da Paz Corrêa; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146; PETIT, Pere; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8376409779394321; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3073
In the Amazon, in the rural area of the Pará, territories are appropriated for the interests of big capital without identification with the surroundings in which they are established, configuring the growth of territorial insecurity due to large enterprises, culminating in enclosures, the core of the expropriation of traditional communities, making explicit challenges to the institutionalization of ethnic recognition contemplated in normative instruments and, contributing to the permanence of the historical process of invisibilization of populations that claim territorial rights. In this work, using oral memory as the main element of the methodology, the aim is to seek, present and endorse the daily struggles, fields of action, resistance and experiences as well as the political struggle that currently self-identified quilombola and indigenous families experience when narrate the usurpation of their territories and the conflict situations triggered by the oil palm farming activities of the company Agropalma S. A., in the Vale do Alto Rio Acará, in the municipality of Acará/PA. Historical evidence and narratives built around ethnic belonging indicate the constitution of specific territorialities, indicators of a collective existence. Oral records use memory to detail facts that imprint material and symbolic forms on the territory, tracing a close relationship between memory, territory and identity, since strong images of places are recorded in these. Even though they present themselves in the present, all these questions are deeply historical and aim to contribute to the studies of regional historiography, in particular, studies on original peoples in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Maré de resistência: a luta do movimento social ribeirinho diante da implantação portuária do agronegócio no Baixo Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-27) SILVA, João Sérgio Neves da; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
Traditional riverside communities in the region of the Abaetetuba islands will be affected by the construction and operation of the port complex of Cargill Agrícola S.A. Ways of life and survival are compromised and threatened by the intense navigation of barges in the Capim watershed. The new social movements are now not only mobilized and organized, in defense of their claims, but also in confrontation with their adversaries, and in the struggle for common rights. This study seeks to assess that riverine social movements are capable of producing political action strategies, in confrontation with the economic power of the company. he articulation of forces that, together with supporting institutions – Cáritas, CPT, STR, FASE, MORIVA, MP, Public Defender's Office of the State – offer a powerful form of organized resistance to the harmful effects of the economic interests of the company Cargill Agrícola SA The information was collected through a documentary survey and field research data, through qualitative methods, with interviews with the leaders of the local social movement, in total (08) and the leaders of the support institutions of six (06). Through a descriptive study of the action strategies and institutionalization mechanisms of the riverside social movement in Baixo Tocantins, it was revealed that the company makes their rights invisible as traditional populations in the territory, initiates a process of expropriation of populations, co-opts leaders, establishes its political and institutional connections with municipal, state and federal entities, for the construction of the TUP Abaetetuba port complex initiates the expropriation process, co-opts leaders, establishes political and institutional connections with municipal, state and federal entities, in order to complete the construction of the TUP Abaetetuba port complex.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças e adaptações no modo de vida na vila Mainardi (Breves, Pará): os impactos da decadência da atividade madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-30) CUNHA, Amiraldo do Socorro Soares da; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
The present work intends to carry out an analysis and debates, based on bibliographic and documental research and field data, emphasizing the subsistence activities performed by traditional populations of Marajó, presenting categories and tools of geographic analysis, which can be worked on the understanding of the way of life and the use of natural resources by these populations. This proposal started from the consideration that local production, generated in the execution of the so-called territorial strategies of survival of these traditional populations is extremely important for supplying both urban centers and communities themselves. In this way, this research will also seek to verify and discuss the viability of using social cartography techniques in the participative mapping of the traditional populations researched, seeking to understand how territorial planning can integrate information about: the traditional populations' way of life; the residents' economic activities; and geotechnologies and equipment used in the collection and capture of natural resources - fish and forests. The bibliographical research, integrated with data from the field research and participatory mapping in the village Mainardi, in the municipality of Breves, Marajó Island, Pará State, in addition to laboratory work, using geoprocessing techniques, allowed us to map the dynamic complexity of some socio-spatial and socio-environmental structural relations in the study area, showing how participatory mapping techniques can help the understanding of natural resource planning, by both the public managers and the users themselves, who will be able to see their territorialities on the map.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os múltiplos territórios dos pescadores tradicionais do litoral amazônico brasileiro: da invisibilidade à negligência
(Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2021-04) MARÇAL, Alessandro Silva; MARÇAL, Cláudia Cristina Lima; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda
In the last decades, public investments, technological advances and population growth have led to the breaking of barriers that historically limited the use of Amazonian coastal marine ecosystems, causing threats to the traditional fishermen´s way of life and the conservation of these important ecosystems. Therefore, the government has sought to reconcile the multiple interests on the Amazon coast, as well as to meet the territorial claims of these traditional populations, through the creation of conservation units, resulting in the largest continuous protected mangrove forest in the world. However, the lack of a proper perception of the multiple territories that make up these traditional fishermen’s way of life, has contributed for their conquests to be rights and not in fact. Thus, this research aims, through the case study of the coast of Pará and an approach based on historical and theoretical context, to contribute to a better perception of these multiple territories of traditional fishermen and to overcome the productive x unproductive dichotomy that has guided fisheries management in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relação entre recursos naturais, identidades tradicionais e línguas na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06) GOMES, Edson de Freitas
The aim of this article is to present and discuss some of the reasons that have caused the progressive loss of a significant portion of natural in Brazil, especially in the brazilian Amazon, and the consequences of this loss for the maintenance of the traditional people’s way of life in relation to their territories, their identities, and their languages, with emphasis on indigenous people who are one of the most responsible for nature conservation. The data comes from websites scientific articles and in the case of the linguistic data, from the author’s fieldwork. It was concluded that the progress promised with the exploitation of the natural resources of the Amazon, was not satisfactory for the great majority of the Brazilian population, especially the traditional populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O sistema interamericano de direitos humanos e a proteção do direito ao território e ao bem viver das populações tradicionais: repercussões nas decisões do Tribunal Regional Federal da 1ª Região, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-21) LIMA, Tamires da Silva; BENATTI, José Heder; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6884704999022918
It analyzes the right to the territory of Traditional Populations, which includes Indigenous Peoples, Quilombolas and Traditional Communities, under the perspective of Bem Viver. Thus, in order to better understand the topic mentioned above, we analyzed the decisions of the Inter-American Human Rights System (SIDH), the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (CorteIDH) in the application of the concept of recognition of the territorial right of vulnerable groups, specifically indigenous peoples and from traditional communities. Concomitantly, some cases involving the rights of traditional communities were studied within the scope of the Regional Court of the 1st Region (TRF1), especially those contextualized in the Legal Amazon, which deal with sensitive issues such as violation of the right to prior, free and informed consultation, environmental licensing and excessive delay in demarcating traditional territories. The general objective of this research is to analyze the decisions of the SIDH in relation to the protection of the territory of traditional Brazilian populations in the use of their natural resources in order to verify or not whether the Brazilian State adapts its legal system to the standards of international protection of Human Rights. As a theoretical framework to understand the themes of traditional territories and traditional peoples and communities in the context of the Amazon, we carried out a critical analysis of the territory (ARRUDA, 1999; ALMEIDA, 2004; BENATTI, 2003 and 2018; CUNHA and ALMEIDA, 2001; HAESBAERT, 2003; MOREIRA, 2017; SANTILLI, 2005; TRECCANI, 2006 and 2019) and we analyzed the cases judged by the SIDH on the right to the territory of traditional populations (RIBEIRO, 2014). In the jurisprudential research, we used the teachings of the author Eliane MOREIRA (2017) and the authors BENATTI (2003, 2011, 2015 and 2018) and TRECCANI (2006 and 2019), with regard to the SIDH, the lessons of Cristina RIBEIRO (2014), and in relation to the theme of Good Living, understood as an idea still under construction, an alternative to a new model of life, a platform to restructure democratic standards, which helps to find solutions to the problems of humanity, the discussion carried out was used by ACOSTA (2009; 2016), ELBERS (2015), GUDYNAS (1995; 2011), KRENAK (2020), HUANACUNI MAMANI (2010) and QUIJANO (2012). The methodology includes the hypothetical-deductive approach method, indirect documentation research techniques, both bibliographic and documentary, the type of research in relation to descriptive objectives, the approach is qualitative and quantitative, the procedures are documentary, bibliographical, jurisprudence and decision analysis. The analysis brought data that confirm that Bem Viver is an alternative to promote the way of life of traditional peoples and communities, respecting their cultural identity and safeguarding their life project in accordance with their cosmovision, as well as the CorteIDH has advanced in relation to the protection of the traditional territories of indigenous peoples and traditional communities, with the application of an expanded interpretation of the property right provided for in art. 21 of the ACHR (American Convention on Human Rights) and the invocation of other international instruments of protection, in particular Convention 169 of the ILO (International Labor Organization). Despite the efforts of the Inter-American Court, it is noted that within the scope of national States that are subject to its jurisdiction, as is the case in Brazil, there is formally a system for the protection of territorial rights, but it is not effective. The TRF1 data demonstrate that the obstacles to the recognition of the rights of traditional populations are related to problems of excessive delay in the processing of processes, non-compliance with prior, free and informed consultation and authorization for environmental licensing in disagreement with the relevant legislation. Therefore, it is imperative that States comply with the international obligations they have assumed by signing international treaties and conventions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Territórios e territorialidades de comunidades extrativistas na dinâmica de apropriação e uso do patrimônio natural no interior e entorno do parque ambiental de Mosqueiro-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-23) DINIZ, Francisco Perpetuo Santos; TAVARES, Maria Goretti da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7796891525258446
This is a research that analyzes the territorial control strategies by different subjects involved in the dynamics of the formation of territories and territorialities of the natural heritage in the context of the interior and surroundings of the Municipal Environmental Park of Mosqueiro. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that it constitutes a subaltern thesis as a result of the literature on the subject being mostly focused on the problematization of cultural heritage, as it is the first thesis on natural heritage that deals with the contexts of traditional populations in Amazonia and for presenting a dissonant discussion of official and hegemonic perspectives in technical and academic circles. This research was supported by the spatial dialectic of destructive construction by considering socio-spatial conflicts and contradictions that involve the appropriation and use of natural heritage. It has a qualitative character, involved bibliographical, documentary and exploratory research with the accomplishment of field work with monitoring of cultural practices and nature management in the Extractive Communities Caruarú, Tucumandeu and Tamanduá, Pratiquara and Rio Murubira localities. Data were analyzed using discourse and content analysis techniques. The research problem was supported by the understanding of tensions, conflicts and socio-spatial practices that resulted from the institutionalization of the Mosqueiro Environmental Park. The central question of the research revolved around the understanding of how islanders appropriated and used the natural heritage mediated by the promotion of territories and territorialities. The guiding questions asked which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage within and around the Park and how did they exercise territorial control? What were the territorialities that were configured in natural heritage control practices and how were they related and conflicted? How did the appropriation of nature occur in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how were they configured in alternative strategies for the possession of natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective? The general objective sought to analyze the dynamics of appropriation and use of nature in the non-urbanized part of Mosqueiro (Parque), which was configured as a process and formation of territories and territorialities of natural heritage. The specific objectives intended to identify and map which agents were involved in the appropriation and use of natural heritage inside and around the Park and analyzing how they exercised territorial control; Identify and discuss which territorialities were configured in natural heritage control practices and how they related and conflicted. To verify and analyze the appropriation and use of nature in the extractive communities and localities of Mosqueiro and how they were configured in alternative strategies of possession of the natural heritage in a utopian and territorial perspective. The central thesis of the research is based on the understanding that natural heritage results from socio-spatial practices that involve the territorialization of power resulting from social, historical and spatial conditions permeated by the management of nature. Therefore, it has no innate value and does not express the gathering of natural elements dissociated from the socio-spatial whole.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A última peça do mosaico das unidades de conservação da Terra do Meio - Pará- Brasil: o processo de criação da Reserva Extrativista do Médio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SILVA, Tarcísio Feitosa da; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531
In recent decades, the Amazon region has been drawing attention for its biodiversity potential and for the presence of traditional populations that use natural resources with a low impact on the ecosystem. Because of the importance of biodiversity, the rise in deforestation, and the encroachment on public lands (including "land-grabbing"), the government supported by NGOs, has proposed the creation of conservation units in large blocks. A study on the process of creating the Extractive Reserve of Rio Xingu, in Altamira, Pará is addressing the occupation of the Xingu River basin, colonization, the presence of indigenous peoples, "land grabbing" of public lands, and the description of non-governmental and governmental work for the creation of extractive reserves and protected territories for the traditional population. Conflicts between the government and the riparian (traditional river-dwelling) communities arise because the governmentadjudicates protected areas that are used by riparian communities for their livelihoods . The results of the research indicate that there is a need to generate knowledge and a constant dialogue with local communities before proposing an ecological intervention. The study also shows that ecological intervention reduces land grabbing, deforestation and violence against local communities. Lastly, the study proposes the creation of a mechanism to protect territories where there is a presence of traditional populations, which guarantees the population the use of natural resources for an indefinite period until the government designates the land for a particular use. The studies were conducted in a Masters Program in Family Farming and Sustainable Development at the Amazon Center for Agrarian Sciences and Rural Development at the Federal University of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de recursos naturais por seis comunidades ribeirinhas da Volta Grande do Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) SOUZA, Thais Santos; SERRA , Anderson Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9878285735905103; SANTOS, Graciliano Galdino Alves dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085271321555747; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425
The Amazon basin has a potential for harnessing its water resources, which has been explored by building hydroelectric plants to meet the growing demand for energy generation. However, hydroelectric plants cause great transformations in the use of natural resources, such as fishing and the use of forest resources. This is the case of the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant (UHE) on the Xingu River, west of Pará. In the research, we studied what changes occurred in the use of medicinal plants, fishing, and hunting after the construction of the Belo Monte UHE, in six communities in region of Volta Grande do Xingu. 45 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the application of tests with families who live next to the river after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP and who exercise or have already used flora, hunting and fishing activities, both for commercial purposes and for consumption. domestic. The frequency of use of each species for hunting, medicinal plants and fishing was observed. There was a reduction in species appreciated for consumption of fish and wild animals (game). In the use of medicinal plants, andiroba obtained the highest frequency of use. Thus, considering the results, that the use of medicinal plants in riverside families occurred after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP, for fishing and hunting there was a reduction of species appreciated for consumption, and consequently these factors provoke changes in the way of life of riverside families.