Navegando por Assunto "Transporte de sedimentos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da morfologia e sedimentologia do baixo curso do rio Xingu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-28) SILVA, Ariane Maria Marques da; ASP NETO, Nils Edvin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7113886150130994
The Xingu River is an important tributary of the Amazon River, contributing with 5% of its total water discharge. Nevertheless, it does not contribute substantially with sediment load. The lower reaches of the Xingu River correspond to a Ria, as a result of the Holocene sea-level rise. It is also classified as a tidal river, where tides reach over 1 m at its confluence with the Amazon River. This study evaluated the morphology and sedimentology of the area, correlating it with hydrodynamics, aiming to understand the still ongoing infilling process of the Xingu Ria. The study area encompasses a stretch of about 180 km, from the Xingu-Amazon river confluence upward to the narrowing of the channel, near the city of Vitória do Xingu. During the maximum sediment discharge of the Amazon River (i.e., feb/2016) 109 bottom sediment samples were collected, whereas 11 of the sampling sites were re-sampled during the minimum water discharge period of both rivers (i.e., nov/2016). During the maximum water discharge period of the Amazon River (i.e., jun/2018), additional water level measurements were undertaken simultaneously in several locations along the Xingu River, as it was also performed during the other campaigns. The morphology was evaluated on the basis of the bathymetric surveys of the Brazilian Navy (CLSAOR/DHN), including about 20,000 points. The results showed that the infilling process of the ria lake has taken place from both ‘ends’ of the area- from the Xingu River itself, forming a prominent bay-head delta, as well as from the Xingu-Amazon River confluence, where tides have transported Amazon River sediments upstream into the Xingu Ria. Furthermore, there is a central portion of the ria lake with large cross-sectional areas, reached only by relatively small amounts of sediments, being a quiescent environment within muddy sedimentation. In a transversal perspective, sands seem to prevail along the margins, where local wave action seem to result in bluff erosion. Longitudinally, sands are substantially more frequent at the bay-head delta area, and at the confluence area, where cross-sections are clearly narrower. Results also suggest that the sediment input from the Amazon River into the Xingu ria has reduced over time, whereas the combination of cross-section area variation and the Xingu River water discharge itself reduce the sediment flux from the Amazon River into the Xingu River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aporte hídrico e de material particulado em suspensão para a Baía do Marajó: contribuições dos rios Jacaré Grande, Pará e Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-19) COSTA, Maurício da Silva da; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
The Amazon estuary is influenced by the tide and river discharge systems variations that modify the currents and contribute with inputs of suspended particulate matter (SPM) resulting in morphological changes along the river. The quantification of these parameters provides an understanding of the rates of export and import of materials or volume and its implications in the estuarine geomorphology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrodynamic, volume transport and SPM in different periods in Jacaré Grande, Pará and Tocantins rivers. Speed and current direction, tide, turbidity, volume transport and SPM data were collected over a tide cycle in the dry (2012) and rainy (2013) periods. The Pará river the exported volume in both periods, while the Tocantins river imported during the dry period and the exported in the rainy period. The Jacaré Grande river, influenced by the Amazon river, imported in the rainy season and exported in the dry period. The analysis of the volume transport methods showed a trend of export toward Amazon river and Marajó Bay in the dry season and only toward the Marajó Bay during the rainy season. SPM values were higher in the rainy season and descending from Jacaré Grande river to the Tocantins river in dry and rainy season, respectively. Turbidity followed the same trend of SPM with tide, with maximum values during the flood. SPM transportation methods showed similar values and the same direction. The Jacaré Grande river served as an exporter during the dry period and as an exporter in the dry period, the Para river as an exporter in both periods and the Tocantins river in the dry season as an importer and as an exporter during the rainy season. The system formed by the three rivers showed the same trend of export in both periods, with two exportation routes in the dry season (Amazon river and Marajó Bay), and only one exportation route in the rainy period (Marajó Bay). Annually the system exports between 5 and 7.2 million tons and possibly the Marajó Bay receives 3.7 to 5.8 million tons. The volume transported to the ocean can be much higher. SPM flows, associated with the variability of environmental conditions, molds the estuary, as seen in the mouth of the Tocantins river and Guajará Bay. Thus, it important a continuous monitoring due to the potential boating accidents, oil spills or any contamination in the region that can result in damage the enviroment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação experimental de métodos de armadilhas de sedimentos para determinação do transporte costeiro da praia da Romana, ilha dos Guarás (nordeste do Pará)
(2012) RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar
The Romana Beach is ruled by waves, with an average height of 1,5 m, winds (average of 4,6 m/s) predominantly from the NE and semidiurnal meso-macrotidal (ranging from 4,3 m - march/2010; 3,4 m - august/2010). The methodology consisted of sediments samples with traps and intensity measurements of longshore currents and local winds during the months of january, march and august 2010. In the wind traps, the accumulated weight of sediments was very low, ranging from 0,02 g to 0,8 g (maximum occurred in August in the eastern sector, as well as the wind speed: 6,7 m/s). Larger quantities of sediment were collected from the eastern to the western sectors, coinciding with the prevailing wind direction (NE), whose maximum speed occurred in august (6.7 m/s in the eastern sector). In the portable traps, the minimum weight occurred in march (eastern sector, ebb tide: 0,74 g/h/m3), and the maximum in january (central sector, rising tide:139 g/h/m3). The intensity of the longitudinal currents ranged from 0,20 m/s (ebb tide) to 1,41 m/s (rising tide). It was concluded that the largest forcing of sediment transport on the beach is the flood tide current, which intensifies the longitudinal currents from the eastern to the west sectors. Secondly, the NE winds which minimize the loss of sediments on the beach, especially in the central and eastern sectors. Then the waves, maintain the direction of E-W transport because to their incidences on the coast with direction NE.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da morfodinâmica sazonal e quantificação de transporte sedimentar costeiro nas praias de Fortalezinha e Princesa, Algodoal/Maiandeua (nordeste do estado do Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-03) SILVA, Paulo Victor Magno; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429
Understanding the processes responsible for the morphodynamics of the coastal environments and sediment transport is necessary considering that such processes play an important role in the formation and stabilization of the beach. The coastal zone is a complex, dynamic and unstable range in which is subject to continuous changes generated by coastal morphodynamic processes such as winds, waves, tides and tidal currents. This Master thesis shown the morphodynamics and transport measurement of sediment in macrotidal on the Princesa and Fortalezinha beaches (Pará coast). These beaches are part of the sandy plains, around the Algodoal/ Maiandeua island (Maracanã city), being inserted in the Salgado Atlantic Coast of Pará. Two data collection campaigns were conducted: (i) in the dry season (15 - 19/10/2012) and; (ii) in the rainy season (13 - 16/03/2013). To analyze the morphological variation of these beaches and its erosive trends and / or accretion, were executed 8 topographic profiles (4 in each beach). At the same time the survey of profiles, sediment samples and measurements of hydrodynamic parameters (waves and currents) were performed. To quantify the coastal sediment transport were used two methods: (1) “traps” for aeolian sediment transport in each profile, and (2) “portable traps” for longitudinal transport in the surf zone, over three different sectors of the beaches. These beaches are composed predominantly of fine and well selected sand. The beaches exhibited low slope (<2 °) for the two periods. In the dry period was observed on the Princesa beach one well developed bar-rip in the middle intertidal zone, characteristic of dissipative beaches, while in the rainy season occured loss of sediment in this area, allowing the exposure of a muddy terrace (paleomangrove) in the central sector. In general, the Princesa and Fortalezinha beaches are subject to a semidiurnal macrotidal regime. The active winds have preferred direction of E in less rain season and NE in the rainy season period, with sliding dominant waves of low period and NE direction. The coastal currents have preferred NW direction, with variations during the tidal cycle. The active winds have preferred direction E in less rainy period and NE in the rainy season. During the dry season the beaches have intermediate characteristics beaches, with Ω between 4.322 to 4.579 on the Princesa beach and 4.074 to 4.668 in the Fortalezinha beach. During the rainy season were characterized as dissipative, with Ω ranging from 5,088 to 6,763 values on the Princesa beach and 5.790 to 6.174 on the Fortalezinha beach, with only the NE sector of the Princesa beach with intermediate characteristics. The Princesa beach evolved from ultradissipative beach state (7 5)(rainy period). However, the Fortalezinha beach had its status as an intermediary with low-water channel-bar system (3 5), in the rainy season. On the beaches is bidirectional longitudinal transport however in the rainy season the beach was characterized as dissipative and no bars (3 5). On the beaches is bidirectional longitudinal transport, with resulting NW. The direction of the longitudinal current and longshore drift is influenced, respectively, by the direction and intensity of the trade winds from the NE (dry season) and tidal currents (rainy season). The aeolian transport is a function of the intensity and duration of winds and rains mainly, however, in the dry season this is high due to strong winds, and the lack of rain makes the sediments of less cohesive swash zone and easier to be transported. The coastal dynamics on the beaches is influenced by the adjacent drainages (rivers and tidal channels) especially during the ebb tide. During the rainy season, the Marapanim and Maracanã rivers flow is high, due to increased rainfall in the headwaters of rivers, increasing the export of continental sediments (silt and clay) for the coastal region, and are incorporated into coastal drift and deposited in beaches during times of low energy, along with sandy sediments mainly from adjacent continental shelf by tidal currents.