Navegando por Assunto "Transtorno do espectro autista"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das alterações no sistema somatossensorial como estratégia para o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento de pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista - TEA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-31) SANTA MARIA, Bruna Castro; Amira Consuêlo de Melo Figueiras; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6213115471891287; BASTOS, Gilmara de Nazareth Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2487879058181806
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction in multiple contexts and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), presented the addition of "hyper and hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment" as defining diagnostic characteristics of autism. Individuals with autism often report tactile sensitivities, such as stiffness or withdrawal when touched. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify changes in somesthetic sensitivity that may assist in strategies for early diagnosis and intervention of patients with autism. Clinical observations and questionnaires were carried out among the participants, where it was observed that children from control group showed minimal alterations in somesthetic reactivity when compared with the ASD group. It was found that 90% of the participants in the TEA group did not play with different consistencies; 70% do not play with gelatinous objects and materials of different textures, as well as showing an aversion to certain fabrics and / or clothing labels; 62% do not participate in games that get wet or smeared and walk or walked on tiptoe and 50% avoid hugging and / or physical contact, showing that in children with autism it is possible to notice early hypo or somesthetic hyperreactivity, which could support the diagnosis and early intervention strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um estudo sobre o uso da tecnologia assistiva no ensino de ciências para alunos com transtorno do espectro autista: criação do aplicativo e software educacional Casulo TEA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-31) PANTOJA, Bianca de Fátima Fonseca Jardim; ARAÚJO, Marcelo Marques de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0186126063457328; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-806X
This research discusses the process of development and validation of the application and software "Casulo TEA", which targets students with Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD, the general objective was the creation of the Application and educational software, focused on the process of teaching and learning the theme of the human body. This program functions as an Assistive Technology, as it serves as a tool to support the teaching and learning process in science teaching. Both the application and the software are composed of the phases: skeleton; body parts; accessibility and hygiene. This work is a case study, and a qualitative research, conducted with three students with ASD, nine science teachers and a Psychopedagogist as collaborators, in a federal college in the state of Pará. The investigation had the theoretical contribution of Vygotsky on learning and development; of Mantoan (2011; 2019); of Chiote (2019); Pletsch and Damasceno (2009) and Ferrari (2012) to address the issue of education, from an inclusive perspective; of Mól (2019) to work on Science teaching from an inclusive perspective; of Bersch (2017) and Ávila et al. (2013) on Assistive Technology; and Chassot (2000) for scientific literacy; among others. With this theoretical framework, the author problematizes the teaching and learning process of the curricular component of Sciences, aboute the "Human Body", and performs the validation test, with three students with ASD, with different levels of the disorder. In the elaboration of the "Casulo", it was decided to use multimedia audio and video resources, in order to work attention and concentration of students through sensory resources. The results of the application/validation of the "Casulo TEA" was confirmed, both in relation to its applicability and its functionality, in both results were positive, exceeding expectations, significant results were obtained, as it was verified the relevance of the application and the software for serving as "mediators" of the learning process, since they were very specific, meeting the methodological demands of students with the three different degrees of ASD: severe, moderate and mild. Thus, the "Casulo TEA" assisted students in understanding the object of human body knowledge, because after the use of it, it was found that the students identified hygiene objects, body parts, function and classification of bones. Therefore, the "Casulo TEA" was considered as a tool to support the teaching and learning process for students with ASD. It is believed that these educational products, be able to mediate and enhance the teaching and learning process, assist in the autonomy of students, besides collaborating with the construction of knowledge about the human body for subjects with ASD, who, due to the disorder, have sensory specificities that can affect their body perceptions and their learning process, hence the importance of the work developed from the socio-historical perspective, based on Vygotsky (2001), which advocates the capacity of human learning through language mediation taking into account the cultural relationship of the human being with the world in which it is inserted.