Navegando por Assunto "Tratamento de efluentes"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos da mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz) para o desenvolvimento de bioadsorventes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-10) DIAS, Rafael Silva; MARTELLI, Marlice Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213009262936026; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-7306
The chemical contamination of water by dyes resulting from the disposal of industrial effluents triggered the need to develop technologies to remove such pollutants. Occurring naturally in the Amazon region, cassava differs from other cassava varieties in that it has high humidity and low starch yield. As part of a project on cassava technologies, this study analyzed the best conditions for the production of activated carbon from cassava solid waste for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to determine the optimal production conditions. First, a physical-chemical analysis of the precursors was carried out, then 30 coal samples were produced according to the experimental plan. The maximum adsorbed amount and percentage of removal were determined under finite bath conditions, at a concentration of 120 mg/L and with 0.01 g of coal sample. The best conditions of temperature, acid concentration and heat contact time were observed at 600 ºC, 25 % and 3 h for peel and 600 ºC, 10.2 % and 3 h for pulp. These samples were subjected to physical-chemical and morphological characterization analyzes using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. For the adsorption kinetics tests, the models that best fitted the experimental data were intraparticle diffusion for shell and pulp coals, and for the adsorption equilibrium tests, the Freundlich and Langmuir models best fitted the experimental data for shell and pulp, respectively. Analysis of the adsorbents reveals a lower concentration of functional groups, however, in the pulp adsorbent, the loss of functional groups related to groups containing oxygen can be observed, which may help explain the lower adsorption capacity observed for pulp adsorbents. The activated carbons produced from the solid residues of cassava roots (pulp and peel) showed that, under the conditions used in this work, they can be applied as effective bioadsorbents in the removal of methylene blue in aqueous solution.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Redução de custos e aumento da eficiência no tratamento de efluentes industriais: estudo de caso em uma empresa do seguimento de embalagens do polo industrial de Manaus – PIM
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-13) DAMASCENO, Priscila Bentes; Cunha, Edinaldo José de Sousa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8714515962963079; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The corrugated cardboard packaging industries represent a high polluting capacity by using inks in their conventional manufacturing processes. In turn, the treatment of the effluent generated in these industries must be efficient, in order to promote the removal of the pollutants that make up the paints, preventing them from reaching the receiving bodies. Because, when incorporated into the water supply, they offered health risks. In order to mitigate these risks, the present work proposes to identify, through a diagnosis, to increase the efficiency of the current system adopted by the industrial effluent treatment station (ETEI) of a corrugated paper industry, with the purpose of increasing the quality of the final effluent, as well as reducing the cost inherent to the disposal of solid waste generated by the treatment (sludge). Structural physical interventions were carried out, such as the installation of access stairs and expansion and maintenance of tanks, collections at the inlet and outlet of the system for analysis of the physical-chemical characteristics of the raw and treated effluent. With the implementation of the system optimization proposal, there was an increase in the speed and daily treatment capacity, which allowed reducing the accumulation of raw effluent in the reservoir. The physical-chemical analyzes of the treated effluent showed that all the parameters studied, including the legally established DBO and DQO, were achieved with the treatment, making it possible to comply with the CONAMA resolutions 357/05, Art. 34 and CONAMA 430/11. In addition, there was, on average, a decrease from 71% to about 10% of the final sludge moisture and, consequently, a significant reduction in disposal costs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Remoção de Ni2+ de soluções aquosas utilizando o talo do cacho do açaí (Euterpe oleracea) como Biossorvente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-30) GESTER, Nayara Matos Lima; SIQUEIRA, Joana Luíza Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4650162959340860
This work used as biosorbent the stem of the açaí bunch (Euterpe oleracea) – TCA – in natura for phytoremediation of the heavy metal Ni2+ from synthetic solutions. The material was characterized using Fourier Transform (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The result of the infrared analysis revealed the presence of hydroxylic and carboxylic functional main groups fundamental in the biosorption process. The SEM analysis showed a material with a rough and porous structure with a visible variety of pore sizes and the EDS semi-quantitatively detected the presence of elements such as C, O and Ca, characteristic of lignocellulosic materials, in addition to the presence of Ni2+ after the process of adsorption. The adsorption behavior of Ni2+ ion in aqueous solution by the açaí bunch stem (ACT) was carried out in batch and investigated influences such as concentration, dosage, granulometry, contact time and pH. At a concentration of 25 mg.L-1 and pH between 6 and 7 TCA showed removal efficiency above 80%. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms using linear regression analysis. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was better represented by the pseudo-second order kinetics. Monolayer adsorption according to the Langmuir model better described the biosorption process in TCA with a correlation coefficient (R2) close to 1 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.62 mg.g-1. The process kinetics showed a better fit to the pseudo-second order model, indicating chemisorption, with R2 close to 1, adsorption capacity (qe) = 6.60 mg.g-1 and adsorption rate constant (K2) = 0.082 g.mg-1.min-1. The TCA in natura presented satisfactory results for the treatment of wastewater, a fact that reinforces its environmental proposal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Viabilidade ambiental do tratamento do efluente industrial do dendê e uso na produção de biogás e biofertilizante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-28) GOMES, Emanuelle Regina Araújo; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
The effluents generated in the agro-industrial sector are produced in large quantities, especially those from the processing of a product for commercial use, as is the case with palm oil. In the search for alternatives for treatment and/or reuse, oil palm agro-industrial effluent can be used to produce bio-input and biofuel. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the feasibility of treating industrial oil palm effluent and using it to produce biogas and biofertilizer. The work methodology consisted of manufacturing 10 benchtop bioreactors, adapted with an automatic control system, which allowed quantification of pressure, temperature and methane concentration measurements through sensors, enabling treatment through the anaerobic digestion system of effluents. . For treatment, the effluent was inoculated with one of the solid materials resulting from the processing stages (palm oil sludge), and a physical-chemical analysis of the parameters was carried out. Finally, the system made it possible to quantify biogas production and characterize the biofertilizer generated in the system. The data analysis presented demonstrates that the POME treatment, combined with the inoculum, promotes better results for the physicochemical parameters analyzed in the research, given that the best conditions occurred for the 30% inoculum range, that is. 700 ml of effluent + 300 ml of inoculum, showing the environmental viability of the treatment. With regard to the production of biogas and biofertilizer, the indicators of temperature (20 to 45oC), pressure (1 atm) and daily methane gas production of between 0.26 and 0.44 ml in the anaerobic digestion system showed good operating conditions in the system, making their production feasible through the use of oil palm agro-industrial effluent, allowing an environmentally appropriate possibility for the waste, from the point of view of the production chain, the environment and the economy.