Navegando por Assunto "Urban violence"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Identidades e violência urbana: representações sociais sobre o papel do Centro de Referência da Assistência Social-CRAS no bairro de São Sebastião (Abaetetuba/PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-16) PINHEIRO, Isane Caripuna; CRUZ, Fernando Manuel Rocha da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1048087637452959; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1254-5601
The Albras/Alunorte Project is a Japanese venture located in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará, 37 km from Abaetetuba. In the late 1980s, we witnessed the emergence of the São Sebastião neighborhood in the Abaetetuba municipality due to the concentration of migrant families. In the early years, the neighborhood lacked basic infrastructure and the presence of the state, which contributed to it becoming one of the most violent areas in the municipality, primarily due to the involvement of adolescents and young people in gangs. The insecurity and fear experienced by residents due to the clashes between these groups, along with the segregation and stigmatization of the area, led to the establishment of the first Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS) in the municipality. This research aims to understand how the industrialization process carried out by the Albras/Alunorte Project socially influenced the São Sebastião neighborhood, particularly in terms of identity and culture. The methodological approach is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, based on the application of semi-structured interviews with members of families who were victims of the gangs, members of families who were part of the gangs, and employees and former employees of the state involved in the establishment and implementation of the CRAS, as well as one of the founders of the São Sebastião neighborhood. The research is guided bibliographically by the works of Bauman (2005), Bourdieu (2002), Costa (2022), Cruz (2011), Harvey (1989), Hall (2006), Koga (2011), Lefebvre (2011), and Machado (2020). Thus, the research demonstrates how the Albras/Alunorte Industrial Complex directly influences the socio-territorial-cultural composition of the population in the formation of the São Sebastião neighborhood. Regarding demographic growth, the São Sebastião neighborhood quickly became interconnected with the urban fabric. However, this demographic expansion occurred unevenly, resulting in one of the most pronounced manifestations of social issues: urban violence. With the arrival of the Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS) and later the Unified Arts and Sports Centers (CEUs), the contributions of these spaces through the services they provide to the community fostered not only a sense of belonging among residents but also a rediscovery of themselves as human beings and holders of their rights. Gradually, these institutions began to yield positive results, and the adolescents and young people who once gathered to "fight" among themselves started to come together for rehearsals and educational meetings, transforming a territory of violence into a territory of peace.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Metamorfose metropolitana: desigualdade socioespacial e violência urbana em assentamentos precários ao longo de um dos eixos de expansão metropolitana, Belém- PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-30) VIEIRA, Denise Carla de Melo; RODRIGUES, Jovenildo Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9028575905648156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-1168; CHAGAS, Clay Anderson Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3537327292901649
The great metropolises and cities of the world have been going through an accelerated process of urban complexification, "the result" of processes of capitalist urbanization, urban restructuring, restructuring of cities, globalization of capital, "planetary urbanization" and the neoliberal and financialized global logic. This process-scenario is intertwined with “general patterns and processes that engender the geographical inequalities of capitalist development”, whose “essence” / nature of such dynamics and processes reverberate in socio-spatial inequality and urban violence, which, incidentally, is found in the capitalist urbanization process itself. Thinking about the scale of the city of Belém, this scenario presents itself as a repetition in which spaces, with urbanization of the territory, with the growing expansion of “precarious settlements”, as “expression” of the (uneven) production of the urban space that comes presenting a socio-spatial metamorphosis in the last decade of the metropolization process marked by the consolidation and refunctionalization of the metropolitan space. In view of this configuration, we seek to analyze how processes of socio-spatial inequalities and their correlation with urban violence have been occurring (and / or expanding), in precarious settlements in one of the axes of metropolitan expansion in Belém, Pará, since 2000. The research is guided by Dialectical Historical (Geographic) Materialism, which is based on or considers time, space and social being, the objective reality in its entirety, as well as considering (links between) conflicts and contradictions; finally, it unveils nature and its historical contours, its connections and relations, in a kind of movement that is born and is embodied in a present space-time and actions in recent space-time (integrity of the relationship between the whole and the part). This study was developed through theoretical review, field research, interviews and analysis of secondary data provided by the Municipality of Belém (PMB), Pará State Public Security Secretariat (SEGUP), Deputy Secretariat for Information and Criminal Analysis ( SIAC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Development and Administration Company of the Metropolitan Area of Belém (CODEM), Housing Company of the State of Pará (COHAB). Thus, we found that the crime of homicide is more prevalent in areas where the worst indicators of infrastructure, income and sanitation predominate, which we call indicators of urban quality (Bad and Very Bad). These areas are defined as poor sanitation. In these settlements, the materialization of urban violence is observed (violence as an unequal product of the production of space and violence that manifests itself in its most perverse form in which it results in homicides) as expressions of socio-spatial differentiation and inequality. This is because the settlements would present themselves as spaces that are produced in an unequal way, in which such inequalities can be verified in their forms-contents and uses / appropriations of the city and the Neighborhood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O processo de periferização e violência urbana na baixada belenense: um estudo sobre os agentes territoriais e os homicídios no bairro da Terra Firme nos anos de 2011 a 2019
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-27) NASCIMENTO, Robson Patrick Brito do; CHAGAS, Clay Anderson Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3537327292901649
The urban space can be understood as a mosaic of dialectical relations between society and space over time, in other words, the city can be incorporated as a set of human and historical relations in space. Among them, it is mentioned the formation of differentiated and contradictory areas driven by the current capitalist system. An example of this is the dynamics of cities in underdeveloped countries that presented accelerated urbanization and because of this brought several problems that extend to the present day, among them is the peripheralization that is marked by the unequal production of urban space that is configured in relations between center and periphery. The central areas are highlighted for their visibility and concentration of resources and capital, so investments and the presence of the State becomes more effective, unlike what happens in the urban peripheries of the capital of Pará, which were produced by low-income groups that were segregated from the city center. Therefore, these spaces started to be self-built and occupied in an accelerated and unplanned way by the State. On the outskirts, as is the case of the Terra Firme neighborhood, the public power is inefficient with regard to its territorial actions, so these spaces become conditions for new territorialities that seek to establish their power relations, as in the case of drug trafficking and militias and often generate tensions and as a result violence is present in these locations. The objective of this research is to understand the dynamics of homicides between the years 2011 to 2019, and its relationship with the precarious areas of Terra Firme district, as well as with the territorial actors involved with their territorialities. The method adopted was the historical and dialectical materialist, which allowed a discussion on socio-spatial analyzes and power relations in the territory. We used thematic cartography geoprocessing tools such as Quantum Gis, linking homicide data from the SIAC, to IBGE data and its social indicators. This dissertation is divided into four essential chapters, the first is consistent with a methodological approach to the research, the second the theoretical discussion, the third the characterizations and peripheralization of the neighborhood of Terra Firme and the last chapter corresponds to the analysis of homicides and agents that manifest themselves from the power gaps left by the State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A violência homicida no espaço urbano de Altamira: o fator Belo Monte e a cartografia dos homicídios
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-27) OLIVEIRA, Igor Renan Araujo; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024
During the construction and completion of the UHE Belo Monte from 2010 to 2020, the city of Altamira experienced an exponential increase in rates related to violence and crime, reaching alarming levels as a result of the problems arising from the project in the region. This increase in violence and crime spread with force in all directions in the urban space of Altamira, affecting especially the population directly impacted by the project and the local youth. Of all the crimes that had their growth leveraged, homicide is the one that draws most attention in this period, because it is the most dramatic face of urban violence, it can be seen then that this type of crime gains strength to be reproduced with more intensity from the moment that the works of the UHE Belo Monte begin to be built. Thus, of the 11 municipalities affected by the construction of the plant, the city of Altamira, being the center of this region and concentrating the largest number of services, was the city most impacted by Belo Monte. In this way, this work is born with the intention of launching itself to the challenge of discussing and analyzing more deeply the phenomena of violence and criminality, using Belo Monte as a catalyst event of old and new problems in urban space, thus contributing to the production of knowledge, to the studies of violence and criminality in this municipality, in the light of Geography, enabling an understanding of the phenomenon, of its dimension and intensity. Based on these premises, the general objective of this dissertation is to analyze and understand the spatial dynamics of violence and criminality in Altamira, what are its causes and implications in urban space, having as a catalyst of these problems the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant and its relationship with the indicators of violence.