Navegando por Assunto "Uso da terra"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica do efluxo de dióxido de carbono (CO2) do solo em duas áreas distintas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-16) MENDES, Emanuelly Melo de Oliveira; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-882; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
Terrestrial ecosystems are important for understanding the exchange of CO2 between surface and atmosphere. Research has sought to understand the potential for carbon sequestration and emissions in different agroecosystems. Among them, the natural pastures that have significant participation in the carbon cycle food subsidy for meat production. As well as the production of palm oil responsible for the production of 30% of edible oil in the world and part of the production of biodiesel. In this study, two land cover uses (iLPF and oil palm monocultures) and CO2 efflux were evaluated. The closed dynamic chamber method associated with an infrared gas analyzer was used. This work presents monthly observations in monoculture of palm oil and in two iLPFs the first with African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) And the second with teak (Tectona grandis L. f.). In the first case in the palm oil monoculture, leaf stacking was responsible for the higher CO2 efflux values within the measurement rings during the two observed periods (rainy and less rainy) compared to the two other observed points (palm base) and carrier). In the experiment carried out in the iLPF area, the dynamics of the CO2 efflux (EFCO2) differed between the three systems studied. The increase in EFCO2 During midday compared to mid-morning (eight hours) at all points studied. In the control area (capoeira) there was no great variation observed, being more stable. The highest EFCO2 values in the two iLPF systems (teak and mahogany) were found at the base of the trees for the mahogany system and in the trampled pasture for the teak system followed by the base of the trees. The low variation in CO2 soil efflux between morning and noon in capoeira may indicate that they resemble natural forests, with trees creating a soil microclimate that is suitable for the growth of soil microorganisms. Soil moisture correlated positively weakly at the base of the teak and in the transition area. In the case of soil temperature, no positive correlation was observed for the area in question, only moderately in the control area. In the analyzes, no positive correlations were found between EFCO2 and soil moisture at any of the points studied in the mahogany area. In turn, a weak relationship between Ts and area between trees was found. The smallest variations in soil temperature were found in poultry followed by iLPF mahogany in the shaded area (Base mahogany and among mahogany plants). The largest variations of Ts in the studied period (rainy) occurred in the area of iLPF with teak. Trees influence the CO2 dynamics when they are not distributed in forest areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos urbanos: a importância de fragmentos florestais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-13) JORDAN BOUCHON, Yildiz Thais; BEASLEY, Colin Robert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6310836748316181; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-1413-1469; QUINTEIRO, Fábio Batagini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1531054078905516
Urban expansion is a reality in the Amazon biome, which has transformed aquatic ecosystems, with a decrease in water quality and a reduction in the diversity of organisms. Groups of species, such as aquatic insects, can indicate the biotic condition of the ecosystem through the frequency and occurrence of taxa indicators. The environmental disturbances caused by urbanization can be detrimental to the survival of some sensitive aquatic insects in Amazon rivers. The aim of our study was to evaluate the environmental condition and diversity of aquatic insects in streams in secondary forest and urban streams in the municipality of Bragança, Pará, Brazil. Data on insect groups, environmental variables and levels of disturbance (using the Habitat Integrity Index, HII) were collected between October and December 2023. A total of 423 individuals were collected, 69 in the streams of the secondary forest and 354 in the urban streams, distributed in the orders Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Twenty-two families were recorded in urban streams and 12 families in the secondary forest. The patterns of abundance and richness showed a decrease as the months progressed in both environments. The BergerParker dominance index in both environments showed an increase as the months went by, indicating a change between the insect communities. On the other hand, the Margalef diversity index in both environments decreased over the months. According to the levels of environmental disturbance assessed, both environments were classified as “altered” (IIH<0.70) A positive association was demonstrated between the abundance of Hydropsychidae and the variables of electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Environmental variables such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, phosphate and dissolved oxygen are associated with variation in the composition of aquatic insect groups. Strong relationships were recorded between the distribution of Gomphidae and phosphate concentrations. Corduliidae was related to total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Coenagrionidae and Caenidae showed positive responses to dissolved oxygen. The study showed a greater number of aquatic insect families in the area with strong anthropogenic pressure than in the secondary forest area, possibly due to a high diversity of microhabitats. In addition, urbanization factors could be negatively affecting both environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê sobre a diversidade funcional de aves na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) SILVA, Larissa Cardoso; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq.) are among the fastest growing agricultural practices in the world, and are among the most disturbing in the landscape in tropical regions and are known to affect species diversity. In this sense, we evaluated the functional diversity of birds in 11 points of palm plantation, 11 in permanent preservation areas (APP), which are portions of ciliary forest that includes the margins of water courses with a width of 10m to 30m of each Side of the stream, and 11 in adjacent forest fragments in the eastern Amazon. To evaluate the effect of palm plantations on the functional diversity (DF) of birds, three functional metrics, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) were calculated. To test the response of functional characteristics to environmental conditions, we used RLQ ordering analysis. We recorded 269 bird species, 52 species recorded in palm plantations, 158 in APP and 203 in forest fragments. The FRic was lower in palm plantations when compared to APP and forest fragments. However, the APP did not differ from the forest fragments. Functional evenness did not differ between treatments and the functional divergence was shown to be higher in forest fragments compared to APP and palm. However, there was no difference between palm and APP. The RLQ analysis showed a relationship between traces and environmental variables. This decline in functional diversity shows that the loss of forest species has not been offset by the addition of new, disease tolerant species. We emphasize the importance of the maintenance and preservation of forest fragments and riparian forests (APP) in agricultural areas, and that this is a good conservation strategy within highly endangered regions, such as the Eastern Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos das mudanças de uso da terra nas áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade no nordeste do estado do Pará, Brasil
(Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2018-04) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; ADAMI, Marcos; GOMES, Alessandra Rodrigues; NARVAES, Igor da Silva
The Northeastern region of Pará (MNP) has 56.4% of its deforested territory. However, the region has great ecological importance, which can be demonstrated by the identification of 28 Priority Areas for Conservation (CPA) within the scope of the Project for the Conservation and Use of Brazilian Biological Diversity (PROBIO). The objective of this work was to identify and quantify the vegetation cover and land use in the MNP and compare it with the priority areas for biodiversity conservation. To fulfill the objectives, we used vector land use and land cover data with the APC and protected areas of the region. The results show that only 3% of the CPA are under some protection. Areas identified as ‘extremely high’ priority have already lost 55.6% of their original forest cover, while ‘very high’ priority areas have lost its original forest cover by 49%. It is essential to expand the environmental protection system in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Políticas públicas e a configuração do bioma Amazônia no antropoceno: uma análise do desmatamento em múltiplas escalas de espaço e tempo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-13) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Representações do outro e conflitos no uso da terra: o caso do PDS Virola Jatobá - Anapu / PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-26) BRITO, Arthur Erik Monteiro Costa de; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The main rechearch aims at analyzing conflicts about forms of appropriation of natural resources among peasant families, having as an empirical study the case of the Virola Jatobá Sustainable Development Project (PDS), located at Transamazônica area, Anapu city in State of Pará. Based on empirical data collected in field work, analyzed with the contribution of socio-spatial concepts such as Landscape, Catography and Territory, we tried to highlight the peasant representations about the Other and the causes of the internalized conflict in this rural settlement, focusing on expressed in the Areas of Alternative Use, destined areas to the productive pratices of settled families. As part of methodology for data collection, direct and participant observations were made in the field, semi-structured interviews, field work photographic records. In addition, we collected and analyzed spatial data for the creation of maps by the team of researchers of self-management Project, in wich we participated. As a preliminar result, it could be noted that conflicts between peasants are locally attributed to false dualisms, such a pioneer-novices, agriculture-livestock, and Virola Jatobá Association-Freedom of People Association, on wich diverse meanings and values are created, fragmenting the social relations among the peasant segments of the settlement. As a final result, we see that conflicts have their genesis in antagonisms between social groups with different relations with nature, demonstrating that in the PDS Virola Jatobá there are several territorializations under construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Terras, rios e igarapés: estrutura agrária e conflitos no Baixo Tocantins (1860-1880)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) SOUZA, Bruno Mariano Santos da Ponte; LACERDA, Franciane Gama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1007392320101957
This thesis pretends a study of the landscape of the Lower Tocantins, or Tocantina region. Natural aspects, the image of the region and its population are current issues in the beginning of this work. Land uses, productivity and the meanings of the earth are elements that allow us to think Tocantina region within a dynamic local and international trade. The way of life of the region Tocantina society is expressed through his actions and extractive activities in rural areas. In this sense we perceive different discourses on the most appropriate form of development in the province of Pará and the clashes between modernization policy and way of living location. The use of legal action in defense of property to mediate land conflicts reveals the numerous intentions and the game forces to ensure mastery of the earth.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Viabilidade de estabelecimentos agrícolas da reforma agrária em áreas periurbanas no Município de Castanhal - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-17) SILVA JÚNIOR, Bruno Ribeiro da; HERRERA, José Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542
The process of urbanization in rural areas grows throughout the world. In the Brazilian Amazon, the occurrence of this expansion process allows for increased economic performance of farms due to land use intensification and diversification of production in peri-urban settlements. The objective of the research was to evaluate the economic performance of farms, pondering the prospects of farmers as to stay in the Settlement Project Cupiúba. We sampled 30% of the settlers, which corresponds to 65 farms to survey data by applying semi-structured questionnaire. The data refer to various aspects of the characteristics of establishments, including family data, economic data, agricultural practices, hand labor, marketing, basic infrastructure and assets acquired. Data analysis was performed by comparing the average ANOVA - single factor analysis and correlation between variables with simple correlations. In the economic and financial aspects were investigated income-generating activities in agriculture and non-agricultural establishment. Based on the results analyzed, it appears that the establishments if enable the agricultural income while the Chiefs are young, and the receipt of retirement when they are in old age. The viability of agriculture is through the sale of plant products. Both intensification as diversification showed no clear effects on income. Establishments have economic viability and the vast majority is above the level of simple reproduction. The income, which allows the purchase of consumer goods, infrastructure and the proximity of the settlement urban center enable the well-being of families and contribute to the farmers remain in the settlement.