Navegando por Assunto "Vaca"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do ganho de peso e aspectos reprodutivos de primíparas zebuínas suplementadas com uréia no período seco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) CARDOSO, Robson Pinto; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of cow cutting, supplemented with urea in the dry season. We used 58 females Tabapuã x Nellore crossbred, pregnant, with a mean age of 39 months and average weight of 399 kg. The worm and experimental animals were divided into two groups, in an area of 50 ha of grass Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with 25 ha for each group, one group (A) supplemented with mineral and another (B) with mineral enriched with urea, the ratio of 80:20 (salt: urea). During the months of August-November, when most of the year in the dry, the grass had on average 5,800 kg of dry matter per hectare to 6.2% crude protein. These mixtures were administered in mineral cochos covered in order to meet ad libitum consumption during the dry period. The experimental design was completely randomized to two treatments. Difference was observed for final body weight (PVF) between the treatment with salt and mineral supplementation with urea, with average values of 360.1 kg and 385.8 kg, respectively. Difference was also observed for average daily gain, with an average of 0.465 kg/an/day for the treated group and 0.284 kg/an/day for the control group, postpartum with a gain of 41.2 and 26.5 kg/animal, respectively. The best performance of the supplemented animals should be related to the increase in dry matter intake promoted by supplementation with urea (12.610 kg to 8.744 kg). The best body growth (weight and body score) to the beginning of the amounts reflected in the expression of heat these animals, whereas 75% of cows supplemented with urea had expressed estrus during the first 60 days from the amounts to only 53, 33% of nonsupplemented. When we evaluated the whole period from the mount was not observed difference between the expression of estrus in females supplemented or not, a fact related to good body score submitted by the end of the animal to mount, 3.7 in females supplemented and 2, 9 in non-supplemented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção na bovinocultura leiteira nas mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The dairy industry is of great importance in the regional economy in terms of employment and income generation , especially for family farming . Know the reality of these systems becomes essential so that they can generate specific grants for further development of the activity. In this context, studies on the different production systems emerge as an important tool. The objective of this study systems of milk production was characterized in the regions of Southeast and Northeast Pará through the use of multivariate analysis techniques . The survey was conducted through questionnaires with 112 properties located in the municipalities of Ulianópolis - PA and PA - Irituia . Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and processed using SPSS 18.0 software . Through frequency analysis revealed that the total area of varied properties 7-1600 ha . The owners were ranked according to the number of cows in the existing properties and the lowest represented by those with less than 10 cows, which corresponded to 5.35 % and higher over 50 ( 23.21 %). Regarding herd productivity observed an overall average of 4.34 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Feeding the flock is based on cultivated pastures , being the most used braquiarão . Only 19.60% of the properties held supplementation with concentrate and roughage with 13.39% . The reproductive management is performed in 86.6 % through natural mating without any control , which results in little specialized animals for dairy production . The management of milking presents itself as the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions , resulting in a poor quality product . Management practices show little expression among producers . With respect to the typology established through factor analysis revealed four factors that explained 66.99 % of the original variables , and the cluster analysis identified 4 groups of producers with similar profiles . The group III corresponded to the group of producers that had the highest adoption of technology such as supplemental feeding , health management , milking and activity management technology, thus having better performance with an average productivity of 5.02 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Groups I and II are characterized by family production systems with low specialization and low productivity and group IV consists of family farmers who presented with an incipient share of agriculture production , having the lowest production and economic returns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Deficiências minerais em vacas em lactação da bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará
(2015-05) BOMJARDIM, Henrique dos Anjos; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; SILVEIRA, José Alcides Sarmento da; SILVA, Natália da Silva e; DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; FAIAL, Kelson do Carmo Freitas; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes
A study of mineral deficiencies was performed in lactating cows from dairy herds belonging to 13 farms of Rondon do Pará, state of Pará, Brazil. We determined the levels of phosphorus (P) in the bone and levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in the liver of 47 dairy cows in lactation 2. The samples were collected by means of biopsies taken on the top third of the 12th rib of the right side and the caudal edge of the caudate liver lobe, respectively. The herds were composed of crossbred (Holstein x Zebu) cattle, kept in extensive production system on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture and received mineral supplementation. The mineral mixture on 12 farms were commercial type, called "full" and the owners added a quantity of salt above the manufacturer's recommendations on ten farms. The mineral mixtures were provided in troughs without covering on seven farms and on other eight, providing of the mineral mix was not performed daily. On 11 farms there were clinical histories consistent with mineral deficiencies in livestock, and placenta retention and osteophagia were the most frequently reported ones. The results of chemical analysis showed deficiency of P on five farms, of Co on three farms, of Se on nine farms and of Zn on ten farms. It is concluded that the mineral supplementation performed on the farms do not supply the daily demands of P, Se and Co, based on the estimated daily consumption of 30g of NaCl per animal; the little adequate or inadequate troughs for proper supplementation, as well as inconstant supply of mineral mixtures contribute to the deficiency of one or more minerals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Eficiência reprodutiva em vacas mestiças leiteiras em municípios do nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-30) SIMÕES, André Reale; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614582293203770
Cows reared in semi-intensive production systems of two farms, one in the city of Irituia and another in Mother River in northeastern Pará. We analyzed reproductive records collected during September 2006 to March 2009. We analyzed 851 females, 106 (12,45%) heifers and 745 (87,55%) cows with a total of 1,356 gynecological exams. The overall pregnancy rate was presented 87,74% to 63,35% for heifers and cows. In 1356 examinations of the animals had 66,41%, 33,59% are pregnant and not pregnant. The pregnancy rate in relation to the type of reproduction was 50,66%, 41,30% and 77,27% for insemination artificial conventional (IA), AI time-fixed (IATF) and mating natural (MN), respectively, with an average of semen doses per pregnancy of 2,01. The genetic groups Guzerá 87,03%, 71,74% and Gir 70,54% Brown Swiss showed differences (p <0,01) pregnancy rate compared to Girolando with 62,15% to 61,91% Simmental and Holstein with 59,45%. The pregnancy rate found in the dry season showed a 75,77% difference (p <0,01) obtained for the less rainy season with 58,95%. The mean age at first service (IPC) and the first calving (IPP) were 29,6 ± 5,71 and 38,57 ± 5,71 months respectively, occurring differences (p <0,05) in the IPP grating the type of reproduction IATF and MN and rainiest season and less rainy. The period of service (PS) was 110,97 ± 70,87 days, difference (p <0,05) between the rainiest season and less rainy, and also influences (p <0,05) the variable year study, decreasing from 2006 to 2008 respectively. The pathologies found were 2,35% ovary hypoplastic, cervix winding 1,52% 1,76% abortion, endometritis 1,29%, 0,7% Cervix fibrotic, follicular cyst 0,70%, 0,12% Adherence Tubovárica , cyst luteal 0,12%, Pneumovagina 0,12% and 0,12% Vulva child.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de derivado progesterônico na sincronização do ciclo estral em fêmeas bovinas e bubalinas utilizadas na inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) NOGUERA GUEVARA, Samuel Enrique; VALE, William Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7486151987920142
The use of intravaginal devices with progestin as protocol for synchronization of oestrus cycle for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) through “Pregna Heat - E'' protocol were used in 219 cows and 169 female buffaloes, belonging to six commercial farms located in the Tachira, Carabobo, and Portuguesa states, in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with the aim to evaluate conception rates (CR) in beef cows and crossbred dairy cattle, milk buffalo and crossbred dairy cows, and crossbred beef and milk heifer as well as in milk buffalo heifers as well as, with the objective to evaluate several variables that can interfere with CR such as body condition score (BCS), number of births, birth interval treatment, degree of difficulty for AI in the farms in the Farm 1, whereas in other farms were evaluated only the CR. The farms adopted a semi-intensive management, with a diet based primarily on forage species introduced in a artificial pasture used in a rotational grazing system with supplementation on the field depending on the needs of each production system. On a Farm 1, located just south of Lake Maracaibo, Tachira State, were synchronized and subjected to FTAI, 22 crossbred dairy cattle heifers, 20 crossbred dairy cows in the postpartum period (PPP) and 18 crossbred buffalo dairy heifers inseminated when 27.2%, 30% and 0 (zero) CR were obtained; moreover in 24 buffalo cows in the PPP synchronized in the outbreeding season (February 2011), it was obtained a CR of 20.8%. For the Farm 2, located in the southern state Tachira, FTAI was performed in favorable season (November 2010) in 78 crossbred dairy buffalo cows in PPP it was obtaining a CR of 34.6%. In the case of Farm 3, located in Urama county in Carabobo State, 49 crossbred buffalo cows in the PPP, were subjected to FTAI when it was obtaining a CR of 42.8%; in Farm 4, located in Santa Ana county, Tachira state, 85 crossbred dairy cattle cows were used for FTAI with 40% CR obtained, whereas in Farm 5, located in Portuguesa state, 23 crossbred beef cows of dual purpose in PPP were subjected to FTAI and it was found47.8% CR; finally in the Farm 6 located in Portuguesa State 20 crossbred beef heifers and 49 crossbred beef cow, were subjected to FTAI were found a CR of 55 and 48.8%, respectively. Also on Farm 1 were compared variables such as CR and number of births, when it was clear demonstrated that CR in pluriparous beef cows with more than four parturitions the results obtained where quite higher when confronted with cows with 2-3 parturitions and primiparous (40.5 ≥ 4 births, 28.5% 2-3 births and 0% for primiparous), (P = 0.4130); when compared with CR and parturition interval and the use of FTAI protocol “Pregna Heat - E'', the CR is higher in cows between 60 and 200 days postpartum, than cows with the interval of more than 200 days, which showed a very low CR (9.0%) (P = 0.0241); regarding to ECC no significant statistical difference important were observed among females with BSC=3 submitted to FTAI when confronted to animals with higher BCS. In the case of Farm 3, located in Urama county in Carabobo State, 49 crossbred buffalo cows in the PPP, were subjected to FTAI obtaining a CR of 42.8%, whereas in Farm 4, located in Santa Ana county, Táchira state, 85 crossbred dairy cattle cows was used for FTAI, 40% CR obtained, and in Farm 5, located in Portuguesa state, where 23 crossbred beef cows of dual purpose in PPP subjected to FTAI, it was found 47.8% CR; finally in the Farm 6 located in Portuguesa State 20 crossbred beef heifers and 49 crossbred beef cow, were subjected to FTAI when was found a CR of 55 and 48.8%, respectively. Still in the Farm 1 were compared variables such as CR and number of births, when it was clear demonstrated that CR in pluriparous beef cows with more than four parturitions where quite higher when confronted with cows with 2-3 parturitions and primiparous (40.5 ≥ 4 births, 28.5% 2-3 births and 0% for primiparous), (P = 0.4130); when compared with CR and parturition interval and the use of FTAI protocol “Heat-pregna - E'' the CR is higher in cows between 60 and 200 days postpartum, than cows with the interval of more than 200 days, which showed a very low CR (9.0%) (P = 0.0241); regarding to ECC no significant statistical difference important were observed among females with BSC=3 submitted to FTAI when confronted to animals with higher BCS showing a very poor (P=0.1632). With reference to the degree of difficulty for AI, animals with 0 degree of difficulty for AI, presenting the highest conception rates compared to the animals of 1 degree (44.4 and 31.2%), respectively. The use of the protocol “Pregna Heat - E” for FTAI, can be recommended for both in cattle and buffaloes with satisfactory results, however the CR in the case of crossbred Bos taurus or crossed animals with more blood of this sub-species probably due the fact that are raised in hot and humid regions as in the case of Farm 1, it has been observed a decrease in CR, which can be attributed to environmental factors interfering negatively on this variable. Likewise it is important to note that female buffaloes must be synchronized at the favorable season, not in outbreeding season, since throughout this time there was a decrease in CR in buffaloes submitted to FTAI, 20.8 vs 34.6% and 42.8%, respectively. In the case of the use of synchronization protocols such as “Pregna Heat – E” for FTAI use in buffalo heifers in the present study showed to be inadequate, with zero of CR, probably due anatomical and physiological concerned to the reproductive tract (very small cervix), thus buffalo heifers should not be included in FTAI programs with conventional techniques. The protocol ''Pregna Heat - E” can be used as a viable tool for oestrus cycle synchronization and FTAI in both cattle and buffaloes, and in the present study with the bovine CR being higher than in buffaloes (40.1 vs 31, 9%) (Fisher = 0.9624, P = 0.0212, P <0.05). That being so the use of “Pregna Heat - E” protocol as was used in the present study needs to be further studied in buffalo to obtain higher conception rates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vacas terminadas em campo nativo suplementadas com farelo de trigo ou farelo de arroz integral contendo ou não monensina sódica
(2008-12) OSMARI, Milene Puntel; ARBOITTE, Miguelangelo Ziegler; BRONDANI, Ivan Luiz; KUSS, Fernando; ALVES FILHO, Dari Celstino; RESTLE, João
The performance, physical composition, income of commercial cuts the quality of the meat of twenty eight cows Charolais, Nellore and its cross, were evaluated with initial average live weight of 409kg, finished in native grass with high participation of Eragrostis plana Nees., supplemented per 99 days with wheat bran or rice bran 0.5% of the alive weight in the DM with or without the inclusion of sódica monensina. The use of wheat bran provided a better conformation of the carcass (P<0.05), classifying it as "regulate +" (9.90 points). The others characteristic studied was not influenced (P>0.05) by the type of supplement. The inclusion of sodic monensin did not provide significant differences (P>0.05) in the variable studied.