Navegando por Assunto "Vulnerabilidade socioambiental"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índice de vulnerabilidade socioambiental para o enfrentamento da dengue no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-28) LOPES, Luiza de Nazaré Almeida; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
Dengue is one of the neglected tropical diseases that is important for public health in Brazil, as it inspires attention due to the increased incidence of cases influenced by macro and microfactors that provide favorable conditions for the expansion of mosquito vectors and transmission of the dengue virus (DENV). The research proposes the ecological study of dengue and the construction of a Dengue Socio-environmental Vulnerability Index (IVD) to analyze 143 municipalities in the state of Pará. The IVD design considered the selection of 34 indicators of the three fundamental components of the vulnerability concept: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The methodology consisted of the following steps: (i) selection and grouping of indicators; (ii) definition of indicators; (iii) statistical treatments; (iv) calculation of the index by multivariate analysis; (v) index normalization; and (vi) index classification using the percentile technique. In the survey, 184,000 cases of dengue were considered, of which 92,000 progressed to hospitalization by the SUS, in the period from 2001 to 2017. The epidemiological profile of dengue indicated a seasonal behavior of the disease, occurring mainly in the quarter from January to March . For the construction of the IVD, the period from 2007 to 2017 was considered, in the mapping results it was observed that 43 municipalities (30%) were classified as "Low vulnerability", with values ranging from 0.483 to 0.262. About 57 municipalities (40%) presented values with “Medium vulnerability” in the range of 0.581 to 0.483. With reference to “High vulnerability”, 43 municipalities (30%) stood out, distributed in the range from 0.771 to 0.582. The results obtained from the profile that characterized the IVD showed a predominance of “Medium to Low vulnerability”. The city of Belém, capital of Pará and located in the Guajará region, presented the lowest value for IVD (0.262). On the other hand, most municipalities in the Marajó region had the highest IVD values, namely: Cachoeira do Arari, Chaves, Ponta de Pedras, Melgaço, Santa Cruz do Arari and Anajás. The indicators that most influenced the result of the index was the “socioeconomic” factor of the populations, especially related to poverty, income, urbanization, illiteracy and solid waste management. From the application of the IVD, it can be stated that it can be used as a relevant tool for the management of dengue health surveillance in the municipalities of the Amazon region, with the potential to be studied in other regions of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade Institucional e sua influência sobre os problemas socioambientais na FLOTA do Iriri e APA Triunfo do Xingu, no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-30) SANTOS, Viviane Corrêa; PIMENTEL, Marcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
This research addresses the topic of institutional vulnerability and its contributions to the origin and increase of socio-environmental impacts in two conservation units in Pará: Iriri State Forest and Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area, which are sustainable conservation units, located in Xingu Integration Region and make up the Terra do Meio Mosaic of Conservation Units. The research's time frame is the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, a period that includes the creation of the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC) and the institutionalization of the aforementioned units studied. The general objective is to problematize the State's actions that promoted the environmental vulnerability of Conservation Units, ratifying its contradiction as a managing subject. The main hypothesis indicates that the contradictions highlighted in the actions of state power contributed to the vulnerability of Conservation Units (CU) due to the lack of a clear and consistent approach in the management of these Protected Areas (PAs). To this end, the historical, dialectical and systemic materialism methods were chosen as a theoretical-methodological approach, developed in a complementary way to achieve an integrated socio-environmental analysis. The dialectical method allowed a critical and in-depth analysis of the social, political and economic relations that shape the management of these PAs, based on the understanding of the contradictions between economic development and environmental preservation, as well as the conflicts of interests between different social and institutional actors , revealing how these historical dynamics directly influence the vulnerability of conservation policies and socio-environmental degradation. The systemic method complements the development of this research based on the dynamics of the territorialized landscape and the interaction between physical and social elements, and the environmental impacts arising from agents of pressure in protected areas, contributing to the analysis of environmental vulnerability data. The preparation of the research included a survey of institutional data, carried out using institutionalized documents, interviews with technicians from the state institutions researched such as: SEMAS, IDEFLOR-BIO and BPA; open questionnaires, sent to the administrative sectors of state bodies, which were tabulated using the content analysis methodology, in addition to an interview with a resident of FLOTA do Iriri and analysis followed by tabulation of the minutes of the management councils of the study areas. Information that corroborated the cartographic production scenario prepared for analysis of this research. The results are systematized into four chapters, which identified gaps in the responsiveness and effectiveness of institutional structures. The ambiguity in the State's actions arises from the coexistence of multiple interests, including environmental conservation, economic development, political pressures and demands from civil society. It weakens the effectiveness of UC conservation and protection policies, increasing their exposure to threats and environmental degradation. Which leads to pointing out that the State is not an absent management subject, as it creates environmental policies, environmental laws, management bodies, however, environmental management is directly linked to the priority interests of the Government, which, depending on its policy , it can make legislation more flexible, make physical structures and human resources precarious, intentionally leading its institutional practices to become fragile, boosting institutional vulnerability, therefore, environmental vulnerability, to later pass the responsibility for the scenarios of environmental problems of PAs to other subjects managers.