Navegando por Assunto "Water quality"

Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos impactos da dinâmica de sólidos e de nutrientes na qualidade da água de ambiente lêntico utilizado no abastecimento de comunidades amazônicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08) SARAIVA, André Luis de Lima; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The springs of Utinga, formed by the Bolonha and Água Preta lakes, are contained in an Área de Proteção Ambiental - APA and are used by the Companhia de Saneamento do Pará - COSANPA, to supply the population of the Região Metropolitana de Belém - RMB. These springs are formed by Guamá River, where water is captured and sent to the Água Preta lake by pumping, which in an artificial channel with gravity flow, feeds the Bolonha lake, and since it is pumped to the Estação de Tratamento de Água - ETA. The main problems of pollution / contamination of water sources appeared to advancing urban disordered, giving rise to the improper release of sewage and solid waste from neighborhoods, slums and housing estates close to the main springs. The objective of this study was to use tools to support monitoring and knowledge of water quality in the Água Preta lake, to prevent and / or correct degradation processes. These tools are multivariate analysis of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a, nutrient balance and hydrodynamic modeling aiming to observe the dispersion of sediment transport. Samples were collected in surface water at three points strategically chosen to assess the anthropogenic influence in the Água Preta lake and sediments that are suspended matter carried into the lake. The sampling points were georeferenced using GPS (GARMIN Model) and the sampling of surface water were performed with the Van Dorn bottle 2.5 L and transported to the Laboratório de Química Ambiental (LQA), located at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, for further analysis. Samples were collected during the months of March, May, June, August, September and October in 2010, coinciding with periods of higher and lower rainfall. The data of abiotic parameters and chlorophyll a were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics and principal component analysis. Analyses were also carried out analysis of the mass balance of water and nutrients and adopted the use of hydrodynamic model of the modeling program SisBAHIA (Sistema Base de Hidrodinâmica Ambiental), aimed to mimic the hydrodynamic conditions of the Água Preta lake during a year. Through these simulations were generated maps of surface currents to observe the different patterns of movement, since the use of models have played an important role in planning and development of alternative scenarios that include the proper diagnosis of the water systems in its structure, process and dynamics. The parameters studied showed variations during periods of lower and higher rainfall, higher contribution being found in point 2 in respect of turbidity, color, DO, nitrate, NT, chlorophyll a and suspended solids were found larger contribution in points 2. The other parameters (N -ammonia, BOD and PT) had contribution in points 1 and 3, indicating a source of organic pollution, due to domestic sewage, since there are nearby dumping of sewage. In the mass balance was found that both the PT and NID were influenced by the load of water river Guamá during the lower rainfall. While with high rainfall total phosphorus load was higher due to higher contribution from dewatering of sewage released into the reservoir. The retention time for the PT was 180 days and 536 days was NID. Through this balance could quantify the entry, retention and export of nutrients as well as to evaluate the potential for eutrophication of reservoirs. In the hydrodynamic model showed that the distribution of the module speed was identical for each month of the year, regardless of wind direction, with the riparian vegetation around that water environment this important role in reducing the speed modular surface of the water. However near the output channel of pond water was observed a change of speed 0.32 m /s in the rainy season and 0.28 m / s during the dry period that can be related to the precipitation. Furthermore, the input of water in the tank forms a vortex tending to sedimentation process, a fact observed in the bathymetry. The sedimentation at this point be given especially in periods with lower precipitation, because COSANPA increases the flow of water intake to maintain the level of the reservoir to supply the Região Metropolitana de Belém, providing the greatest contribution of suspended sediment, a fact observed with the parameters of turbidity, color and suspended solids, which have higher concentrations at this point and a decrease as they move away to step 3 (water outlet channel for the connection). These tools are of great importance for maintenance of the spring, since they will allow diagnosing the lake capacity tends of retain and remove nutrients as well as the process of the hydrodynamic circulation allowing check sites that can have a major and minor deposition of materials suspended in water column. Through this study will provide data that subsidizes the competent authorities the future and help in the conservation of other sources used to supply water to cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos geoambientais dos recursos hídricos do Rio Cuinarana, Magalhães Barata - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-29) SILVA, Silvano Costa da; FERREIRA, Cristiane de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7804816854015308
The present work had the objective of mapping the Cuinarana river basin and describing the state of conservation of the sources in the municipality of Magalhães Barata, northern Pará, through an environmental diagnosis of the headwaters and cartographic production of thematic maps, in order to subsidize actions to promote the maintenance and sustainable use of water resources. It should be noted that there is no information of this nature for the studied municipality and therefore the area was chosen for the study, as a way of detecting the environmental problems in this basin, in order to develop public policies directed to environmental education.The study identified the situations of degradation of the main springs, in addition to georeferencing the Cuinarana River. The procedures adopted for the elaboration of the environmental diagnosis of the headwaters were based on evaluation protocols, which emphasize the physical integrity of the habitat around the headwaters, observing the aspects of the use and occupation of the soil, predominant vegetation, characteristic of the springs, its uses and the state of conservation. For the river maps, the boundary of the Cuinarana River basin was based on georeferenced relief data from the area in question, derived from the dot matrix products of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), prepared by the US government agency National Aeronautics and Space Admistration ( NASA), and provided with correction calculations by the National Institute of Space Research (INPE), Brazil. The results obtained demonstrated that of the 11 springs raised, three 3 are in poor condition due to environmental impacts. The information from the maps shows that the Cuinarana River basin has undergone a process of transformation due to anthropic interference, resulting in different socio-environmental problems unaccompanied by effective environmental planning policies. Faced with the problem, the research product is a didactic atlas of the Cuinarana River Hydrographic Basin, composed of 10 thematic maps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade da água superficial do canal São Joaquim, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-15) PAREDES, Brenda Melise Morbach; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
The process of urbanization and illegal occupation of urban channel margins nearby areas generate large impacts on these water bodies, the main one being the discharge of effluents. The channel São Joaquim, Belém Pa, is considered the largest urban channel Bethlehem, and already suffers from such impacts, as well as being affected by the lack of sanitation in its Sub Basin, such a situation can be observed in the results obtained in 12 months sampling over three points from its source to its mouth. This study aimed to analyze the said water quality Canal in physical, chemical and biological parameters through the IQA and application of descriptive statistics, analytical and multivariate analysis, being possible to observe the degradation of this water body caused mainly by organic matter, which was obtained through the OD analysis, BOD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and thermotolerant coliforms. The Water Quality Index was calculated for the Channel and was obtained the value of 49 classifying it as quality "acceptable." When performing a seasonal comparison between dry periods and wet, and tide conditions, using the Mann Whitney hypothesis tests and test T Student, it was observed that there was significant variability between the variables, except for the temperature, which It showed a variation between the dry and rainy seasons. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the verification of similarity between the points for each variable analisada.Ao perform a temporal assessment of water quality of the channel between the years 1988; 2002; 2005; 2006; 2011 and 2014, it was observed that the degradation of the channel has a history of nearly 30 years, a situation confirmed by the analysis of indicator variables of organic matter. The principal component analysis led to the formation of three components that together represented 67.53% of the variability of the data, and these variables explained by the ACP, anthropic action indicative.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de riscos aplicada como metodologia de controle e segurança da qualidade da água no sistema de abastecimento de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-08) ARAÚJO JUNIOR, Antonio Jorge Silva; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
This study aims to use the risk assessment approach FMEA as control and safety methodology of water quality in Belém supply system. During the monitoring period were determined indicators free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total iron, total coliforms and E. coli. Collections and analyzes were performed in 46 points of Belém supplies central zone, including water treatment plants, reservoirs drop in the sectors and in the supply network. Each set of data received descriptive statistical analysis, outlier removal and passed the Kruskal Wallis test to determine significant differences between indicators of different supply sectors. It was found that the 3680 measurements, 706 showed no compliance with potability standards (BRASIL, 2011), of which 582 were in the supply network, 92 on the reservoirs drop in the sectors and 32 at treatment plants. The FMEA methodology was applied to all the analyzed indicators, and the points were divided into three groups: REDE, DRS and ETA’s. For the REDE group were identified 18 points of moderate risk and 18 points high risk. For the DRS group and ETA’s all the points were moderate risk. In this research there was no occurrence of despicable risk and critical. The indicators fluoride, total coliforms and E. coli were the most influential, accounting for approximately 15% in the risk weights. However, fluoride indicator contributes to increase the category of risk, because it showed 100% nonconformities with the fluor standards (BRASIL, 1975) in every point. After the categorization of risk, were prepared two maps, one with points and other with contours, representing the risks related to the quality of water for each one of the studied points. The contoured map was best represented the risk, as it presented more comprehensive information.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos parâmetros de qualidade de água do Rio Aurá, Belém-Pará: aplicação de índice de qualidade malasiano (DOE-IQA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05) RIBEIRO, Arthur Araújo; QUARESMA, Sil Franciley dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6860112313500088
The intense urbanization, added to the populational growth, stimulates the development of activities that provoke environment impacts. Among the activities with great potential for pollution generation and contamination, it is observerd those related to the environmental sanitation”. This study breaches the caracterization of the “Physical-chemical” parameters of water quality in the “Aura” river. According to the CONAMA 357/2005. The field of study comprehends the area of the “Aura” upstream river. The work metodology consists in the realization of field samples, in target places distributed along it’s course, for the determination of the “physical-chemical” variables. The results show a direct relation with the populational growth and the dicharge of poluents throughout the working period of the landfill, observed important alterations in color, oxigen dissolution and concentration of amoniacal nitrogen, largerly above the stipulated by the actual resolution (CONAMA 357/2005 água classe II), suggesting great organic matter consumption , the application of DOE-WQI allowed the observation of the most impacted regions with discharge and the slurry’s percolation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Correlação entre índice de qualidade da água e usos múltiplos na bacia hidrográfica do igarapé da Prata, Capitão Poço/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-06) RODRIGUES, Rodrigo Silvano Silva; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
Water quality indicators are important tools for the summary and generation of solid foundations about water resources degradation. The Water Quality Index of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (WQI-CETESB) is the main water quality index used in Brazil. In relation between water quality and degradation in drainage basins, it is common to associate multiple uses of soil and water. This research correlates the WQI-CETESB to multiple uses of water and soil at three collection sites in the Prata catchment, located in the municipality of Capitão Poço / PA, about 154 km east of Belém / PA. It is a rural area in northeast Pará with intense agricultural activities. It was carried out eighteen campaigns with twenty-three collections, being that are twelve ones in the rainy season and eleven ones in the less rainy season. The index was calculated from the analysis of its nine parameters: turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, pH, temperature and thermotolerant coliforms. The descriptive statistics was applied to synthesize the obtained data. The morphometry of the drainage areas of the collection sites was analyzed in order to understand the influence of these physical characteristics on the water quantity and quality. Soil use and coverage were mapped using georeferencing tools. The association between WQI-CETESB results and multiple uses was verified by checking the variables with the greatest influence on the value obtained for the index. Based on the WQI-CETESB, the water quality in the Prata catchment ranges between the categories Fair and Good. The values obtained in the majority did not present significant variations for the different periods (rainy and less rainy). The descriptive statistics proved to be efficient for the analysis of the results obtained from WQI-CETESB. The morphometric analysis of the drainage areas showed that the shape and the topography are not factors that impact the water quantity and quality in the catchment. The mapping of soil use and coverage and activities related to multiple uses of water, showed to be efficient as an aid in the visualization of local dynamics. The variables that most influenced the results were thermotolerant coliforms, pH, DO, BOD and total phosphorus, with representativeness associated to the three collection sites studied. The main sources of pollution raised by the mapping are strongly related to the results obtained. Targets for quality improvement and mitigation measures should be established with the aim of reducing local water degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de um modelo via MEF para análise da dispersão de poluentes em rios, lagos e estuários
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03) LIMA, Rômulo Correa; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
Freshwater of good quality is a pre-requisite for social and economic development of a given region. Paradoxically, this same development is normally responsible for the pollution of their water sources, through domestic or industrial waste dumping without treatment, or through agricultural activities. In this way, the monitoring and the management of that sources are extremely important for the wellbeing of the people living in that region. Among the possible tools to auxiliary this management is the computational simulation of pollutant transport in the hydro medium. In this context, this work presents a computational procedure for the solution of the 2D advectiondiffusion- reaction equation, which is the basis for all the mass transport models. This process consists in the union of the finite elements and finite difference methods in the discretization of the spatial and temporal components, respectively. This methodology was evaluated with the help of tests with synthetic and real data. First one considered the case of mass transport by pure advection to ensure its stability in cases where the classical formulations fail. Second test simulated the transport of a hypothetical pollutant in a piece of a river and showed the correct effect of the drag due to advection and spreading due to diffusion. The last test evaluated the transport of total phosphorus in Agua Preta Lake from the pumped water of the Guama river and point sources located at the margins of the reservoir. The result of the simulation showed the potential of the algorithm to deal with cases closer to the reality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Natural Products in Nodularia spumigena Isolated from a Shrimp Culture Pond
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020) POPIN, Rafael Vicentini; DELBAJE, Endrews; ABREU, Vinicius Augusto Carvalho de; RIGONATO, Janaina; DÖRR, Felipe Augusto; PINTO JUNIOR, Ernani; SIVONEN, Kaarina; FIORE, Marli de Fátima
The bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CENA596 encodes the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of the known natural products nodularins, spumigins, anabaenopeptins/namalides, aeruginosins, mycosporin-like amino acids, and scytonemin, along with the terpenoid geosmin. Targeted metabolomics confirmed the production of these metabolic compounds, except for the alkaloid scytonemin. Genome mining of N. spumigena CENA596 and its three closely related Nodularia strains—two planktonic strains from the Baltic Sea and one benthic strain from Japanese marine sediment—revealed that the number of BGCs in planktonic strains was higher than in benthic one. Geosmin—a volatile compound with unpleasant taste and odor—was unique to the Brazilian strain CENA596. Automatic annotation of the genomes using subsystems technology revealed a related number of coding sequences and functional roles. Orthologs from the Nodularia genomes are involved in the primary and secondary metabolisms. Phylogenomic analysis of N. spumigena CENA596 based on 120 conserved protein sequences positioned this strain close to the Baltic Nodularia. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA genes separated the Brazilian CENA596 strain from those of the Baltic Sea, despite their high sequence identities (99% identity, 100% coverage). The comparative analysis among planktic Nodularia strains showed that their genomes were considerably similar despite their geographically distant origin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Implementação de modelos computacionais na predição temporal e espaço-temporal de parâmetros de qualidade de água
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-14) ALMEIDA, Anderson Francisco de Sousa; MERLIN, Bruno; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7336467549495208; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7327-9960; GONZÁLEZ, Marcos Tulio Amaris; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9970287865377659
The quality of water is directy related to is level of pollution caused by anthropic and industrial actions, with a consequent reduction in the availability of quality water. Therefore, limological monitorig of the basic parameters os water quality is carried out, as away of obtaining data that guide the decision-making of water resouces management bodies. In this context, the present study has the implementation of machine learning algorithms to predict temporal and spatiotemporal water quality parameter data. The ML techniques used were linear regression, ramdom forest, MLP and LSTM neural networks. Two collection points from a Water Resources Management Unit in São Paulo, Brazil were used. Models are evaluated using MAPE( mean absolute percentage eror) and RMSE( root mean squared erro) metrics. Therefore, in temporal prediction, the LSTM technique presented the best performace in relation to the other techniques and the data used, as it has the lowest average RMSE result, with 2.47. However, in spatiotemporal prediction, MLP has the best performace both in relation to the other techniques and the data used , as it has the lowest averagee results of MAPE and RMSE, respectively, 5.94% and 1.34. Thus, these performaces of neural networks can be justified by the non-linearity of the parameter data. Other than that, the results of the experiments aim to contribute to the water quality monitorng process and assist in the planning of water management, so that it meets current legislation and enales the indication of public policies, through machine learning models in prediction of water quality parametes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índices de qualidade das águas subterrâneas de abastecimento público da Ilha do Mosqueiro, município de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-09) LOPES, Raynner Menezes; SANTOS, Maria de Lourdes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1604134738302499
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo de processo participativo de enquadramento aplicado a bacias hidrográficas urbanas: bacia do Tucunduba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-30) SANTOS, Verônica Jussara Costa; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
The classification of water bodies is a legal instrument present in Brazilian environmental legislation, as the National Water Resources Policy, Law 9.433/97. This dissertation presents a model of participatory classification applied to urban basins, and used in the basin of the Tucunduba stream, in Belém / PA. The methodology was based on five steps, as follows: a literature review on several sources; a research on other studies which took place in the basin and have employed decision support informational methodologies; the diagnosis of land and water resources use and occupation in the basin; classification workshops with local stakeholders; the use of Decision Explore software as a Decision Support System (DSS), to organize the data produced in the workshops; a research on studies related to water quality in the Tucunduba basin; and, finally, the definition of the participatory classification proposition, based on the current water bodies classification and the future uses for the Tucunduba basin. Relying on field recognition, discussions concerning current uses and local stakeholders expectations regarding the future environmental quality in the basin and the assessment of the basin water quality, a proposition for the water body classification was defined, in accordance with the current and future main uses identified, establishing that this basin should be classified as Class 2, which prioritizes the supply for human consumption after conventional treatment, the protection of aquatic communities, the primary contact recreation, irrigation and fishing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Obtenção do IQA para avaliação da qualidade da água em rios dos municípios de Abaetetuba e Barcarena (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MEDEIROS, Adaelson Campelo; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
This study was aimed at assessing the quality of the waters of two rivers called Amazon Arapiranga Murucupi and the municipalities of Abaetetuba and Barcarena respectively, in the State of Pará. For this evaluation, was used as the main tool of the Water Quality Index (WQI) calculated from nine (09) variables. The WQI calculations were performed according to the criteria of SP-CETESB adapted National Sanitation Foundation, USA. This study was conducted in 2009 and included four sampling campaigns involving trimentrais the rainy season and dry, and variables in certain conditions of tide low tide and high tide. From the data of variables and WQIs determined, it was possible to make some comparisons on the quality of the rivers studied and it was applied on these data, descriptive statistics, analytical and multivariate. Descriptive statistics were determined during the rainy season and dry values of mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values and coefficient of variation. To verify the significance level and sample distribution of the data generated, was held from the statistical analytical tests of normality and hypotheses respectively, comparing the data of variables and WQIs in the rainy season and dry. The multivariate analysis provided a better assessment of water quality of these two rivers through the analysis of groups. The river conditions presented Arapiranga regular and good quality, recording average values of the rainy season WQIs 48 ± 3.7 and 51 ± 5.6 in the ebb-tide and high tide respectively during the dry season, these values were 48 ± 4.6 (low tide and high) and 55 ± 5.7 (low tide and high). From the values of certain WQIs Murucupi the river, we observed conditions of poor quality, regular and good in those waters, and the average values during the rainy season were 44 ± 9.4 and 51 ± 10.3 (low tide and high), in the dry period, these values were 51 ± 8.3 at low tide and 52 ± 8.6 at high tide.The assessment tools used in this study provided a good view on the quality of water in both rivers, observing in general, that there were differences signifitiva quality for these waters with respect to the comparison between the rainy and dry. It is noticed that the river located in Barcarena / PA, undergoes major anthropogenic influence due to the largest urban area in its vicinity, as in other river in the city of Abaetetuba / PA, this influence is less.