Navegando por Assunto "Wood waste"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização e proposta de tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos de madeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-24) ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, Walter Figueiredo de; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376
This is a characterization study and proposal for treatment of woodwaste leachate produced in laboratory. Woodwaste leachate or stormwater runoff or log yard runoff are generated when wood waste resulting fi-om the manufacturing process, are arranged inappropriately, making the interaction with water, generally climate rainfall, resulting in a dark colored liquid which can contam n a number of components with the potential negative impact on aquatic environments. The effluent generated in the laboratory was studied by two separate experiments. In Experiment A, in polyethylene bottles, were mixed water and sawdust in proportion 9:1, in an open system and room temperature for 90 days. At times 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 and 90 days, the solution was filtered and brought to the laboratory for analysis. In Experiment B, stored in a plastic container (bucket type) about 5 kg of sawdust, where the bottom was adapted a drain to collect effluent. This system was exposed to sunlight and rainfall climate, so as to simulate the minimum conditions for generation ofleachate fi-om a waste pile of wood in the real case. In both observed the generation of a liquid amber beige to dark, strong characteristic odor, slightly acidic (pH 5.53 to 6.97), high oxygen demand (BOD 17 — 310 mg.L-1; COD 857 — 3161 mg.L-1; DO 0.63 — 5.56 mg.L-1), high charges of organic matter (TC 170.93 — 425.19 mg.L-1, TOC 167.66 — 415.66 mg.L-1 and TIC 2.22 — 34.05 mg.L-1), high solids concentrations (SS 10 — 23 mL.L-1; TSS 463 — 1330 mg.L-1; TDS 31 — 640 mg.L-1 and turbidity 10.0 — 638.5 UNT). Due to these characteristics has been proposed a physicochemical treatment for runoff produced by combining the processes of coagulation/flocculation and oxidation with potassium permanganate, which resulted, respectively, in the removal of 20.95% and 88.53 % of COD, 98.18% and 43.31% of color, 40.45% and 98.16 of turbidity, 65.71% and 100% of TSS, per process. The overall removal efficiency of the proposed treatment was 90.93% of the values of COD, 98.97% in true color values, 98.90% of turbidity and 100.00% values of TSS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento mecânico de material compósito de matriz poliéster reforçado por sistema híbrido fibras naturais e resíduos da indústria madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-02-29) RODRIGUES, Jean da Silva; FUJIYAMA, Roberto Tetsuo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3165747089941318
In this work, composite materials of polyester matrix reinforced by short sisal fiber, by residue of wood and by hybrid system for sisal / residue of wood, arranged randomly, were produced using the minimum stages of technology processing in the productive step, with views to produce a composite material easy technically to produce. The polyester matrix used was a pre-accelerated tereftálica with cobalt naftenato and cured at room temperature with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEK) in different proportions in relation to the resin, 0.33%, 1.66%, 3.33% and 5.00% by volume in order to evaluate the influence on mechanical properties. The sisal fibers were manually cut in lengths of 5, 10 and 15 mm and used in the way purchased and surface untreated. The residue of wood powder was used of maçaranduba wood. The composites were produced by manual moulding, without pressure and room temperature. Specimen were manufactured for evaluated matrix, composites reinforced by sisal, ranging of the length of the fibres, composites reinforced by maçaranduba residue and strengthening of hybrid composites, sisal / wood residue, in different proportions of the constituents. Mechanical properties were evaluated by tests of traction and Charpy impact and the areas of fracture generated were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy in order to correlate aspects of fracture with the mechanical properties. It was determined the specific mass of each series of specimen of each manufactured, and the volume fraction of the composite material. The results showed that the increase in the length of the sisal fiber, tensile strength and impact of composites has been increased, reaching the composite of sisal fibre, 15 mm, the best performance with the specimen series tested. The heterogeneity of size maçaranduba residue was negative effect on the mechanical properties of composites. The hybrid composites materials sisal / wood residue with higher content of fibers elevated in 80% of the mechanical properties obtained for the composite material reinforced only by sisal fiber.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um modelo de avaliação de fluxos de biomassa e carbono em madeireiras de comunidades isoladas da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-10-29) MARIALVA, Elden de Albuquerque; BRASIL, Augusto César de Mendonça; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0571960641751286; GUERRA, Danielle Regina da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6750321690921056
The Amazon Region has a huge amount of biomass resources. The Brazilian Amazon comprises an area larger than 5 million km2, which represents 61% of the Brazilian territory. The Brazilian northern region produces 72.45% of the produced round wood in Brazil; the State of Pará shares 55.47% of that production. Generally, in Amazon region the lumbers get into the forest to select the logs to being cut. Some years later they return again to the same area to harvest again, and the interval time reduces each year. The Amazon region contained 833 sawmills in 1998. These sawmills were located mainly in the Amazon estuary (71%). These wood producers share 1.3 million cubic meters of wood logs (5% of production Amazon). The present work estimated the carbon balance of sawmills in the Amazon River estuary. A life cycle analysis was developed to estimate the carbon balance of the studied sawmills. The study was focused on the wood products considering the process used in small Amazonian communities. There is a well-defined path of the natural resource (biomass/wood) such as: forestry, transportation of biomass, transformation (business/timber) / processes, generation and use of wastes, transport of processed timber, marketing. The energy balance was also analyzed through the flow (inputs and outputs) of wood and carbon during the cycle. A numerical model was developed to simulate the flow of carbon, energy, wood and area affected by exploitation. This work developed a specific model for the evaluation of the carbon flow, the environmental impact assessment was reached, where it shown a positive value, a carbon capture about 55 tCO2/month, even with a low production efficiency system, around 36%. The results show that the current operating system does not pollute but could be improved to achieve higher efficiency in the production process. The waste generated was approximately 64% of the volume of wood entering the mill, its application could be managed to generate approximately 1240 kilowatts of electricity monthly.