Navegando por Assunto "Zona costeira amazônica"

Agora exibindo 1 - 9 de 9

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de imagens de sensores remotos orbitais para mapeamento de ambientes costeiros tropicais e de índices de sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo no Golfão Maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-18) TEIXEIRA, Sheila Gatinho; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
The oil spills in Brazil are more and frequents, causing several impacts on environments and biological communities. Envronmental sensitivy index maps of oil spils are indispensbles components of contingency and emergency answer plans for this tpe of accident. These maps present a system of classification based on geomorphologic characteristics of the áreas, which are defined by the following factors: wave and tidal energy exposure relative degree, shoreline slope and substrate type, and also, the easiness to clean and remove the oil impacted áreas. In this contect, the “Golfão Maranhense” region, located on Northern “Maranhão” State, was chosen in order to map and analyze the environmental sensitivity indexes (ESis) of oil spills on coastal environments, for in this área, we find the second largest port in draught of the world, the Porto f “Itaqui”. Moreover, this region is the route of six hundred oil tankers per year, which are potential agents that cause the oil spill. The methodological approach for creating the maps of environmental sensitivity index included the integrated analysis of coastal environments based on digital image processing from remote optical sensores, in this case, Landsat-4TM, CBERG-2 CCD and SPOT-2 HRV, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images from RADARSAT-1 Wide 1, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation data, geographic information system and Field surveys related to geomorphology, topography and sedimentology. Using the aforementioned methods, the coastal environments recognized in “Golfão Maranhense” were grouped according to their envronmental sensitivity index: 1 – Solid men-made structures (ESI 1B); 2- Cliffs (ESI 1C); 3 – Fine grained sand beaches and móbile dunes (ESI 3ª); 4- Tidal sandflats (ESI 7); 5- Mixed intertidal Banks, tidal mudflats and ebb-tidal delta (ESI 9ª); 6- Supratidal sandflat (ESI 9C); 7- Saltmarshes (ESI 10ª); 8- Fresh marhes and intermittent lakes (ESI 10B) and 9- Mangrove (ESI 10C). This approach is efficient to recognize and analyze coastal environments and, therefore, it pernitted the sensivity index attribution for the oil spill on yhese environments, in a georefenced data base, which allows making faster e more efficiently decisions in case oil spills come to happen.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial de unidades de paisagem do município de Quatipuru – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-04) BARBOSA JÚNIOR, João Silva; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454
Different uses of natural resources of the coastal landscape generate impacts that need to be known and studied. As far as the coastal zone is concerned, there is an aggravating factor, since it is formed by highly specialized, productive and ecologically and economically important environments. In addition, it has a high degree of urbanization and consequently a high settlement rate. The National Coastal Management Plan applied to the Amazonian coastal zone has operated in an incipient way, since there is still no political articulation between the municipalities involved and the other spheres of power, lack of a base of information and methodologies based on local experiences, which ensure the proper execution of the plan. However, other strategies on the knowledge of the coastal environments were executed, based on regional and national research edicts, applied to the municipality of Quatipuru, ensuring a good information base, which were useful for the purposes of this dissertation, which aimed at mapping the landscape units of the municipality of Quatipuru, Pará, which today has become a conservation unit, RESEX Marine category, with the monitoring and participation of public hearings. In this way, it is understood that it is a separation of the coastal landscape into homogeneous areas, denominated "landscape units", covers an analysis and treatment of data without the right to products of Landscape Ecology, through Remote Sensing with an application of computational programs of object oriented classification in Geographic Information Systems, generating specialization and even an understanding of landscape formation processes are not filters of geographic analysis. For the better definition and delimitation of landscape units, the vegetation unit was chosen as an essential element because it is the result of the dominant ecological processes in the coastal zone. In this way, a physiographic matrix was generated that aided the mapping by identifying two geomorphological units of regional expression: 1) the Lower Coastal Plateau, which is formed by secondary vegetation or capoeira in different stages of regeneration. Of particular note are the urban areas, formed by dense human occupation, including the municipal headquarters - Quatipuru and the community of Boa Vista, and other traditional communities, thus forming diverse groups of family farmers, fishermen, crabmen, that uses the secondary vegetation and the field areas with cattle and buffalo management differently. The sandy Coastal Plain is integrated by the restinga, in contact with the Atlantic Ocean, while the 3) Lamosa Plain is dominated by mangroves and saline fields. Note: 4) Alluvial plain with quite impacted floodplain forests by the removal of vegetation cover. In addition to these mapped units, paleorestingas bands with old and successive coastlines were identified in the interior of the mangrove, up to the present sandy range. Besides this, it was identified that each mapped unit has spatial relations of connectivity, adjacency and delimitation, with the adjacent unit, concomitantly. Such relationships spatially demonstrate the interactions of the ecological and anthropic processes that form the coastal landscape. Thus, the mangrove stands out as the largest and most important landscape unit, because it has a spatial relation with all other units, the flooded, saline or freshwater fields are always bordering the mangrove. The contribution of the research will mainly be to guide management and governance actions within the Marine Quatipuru-Primavera RESEX, combined with the elaboration of the municipal territorial planning plan.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de dados multisensor (SAR e ETM+) no reconhecimento de padrões de uso e ocupação do solo em costas tropicais: Costa Amazônica, Amapá, Brasil
(2009) SANTOS, Valdenira Ferreira dos; POLIDORI, Laurent; SILVEIRA, Odete Fátima Machado da; FIGUEIREDO JÚNIOR, Alberto Garcia de
Environmental studies require information on land use and land cover. This paper presents the applicability of multi-sensor satellite data (optical and radar) for land use and land cover on the Amapá coastal plain for mapping and recognition of natural and anthropogenic dynamics. This area is influenced by the Amazon River, by tides (tidal bore) and by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Anthropogenic processes are associated with water buffalo ranching. The environmental information was acquired from previous data and field observation and was correlated with remote sensing data (JERS-1, RADARSAT-1, image from ETM+ sensor from Landsat 7 and DEM SRTM), digitally processed for multi-sensor, multi-scale and multi-date approach. Eight patterns of land use and land cover were identified (mangrove, "várzea" forest, arbustive vegetation area, freshwater marsh, anthropic field, intertidal plain, estuarine channel and lakes) as well with indication of natural and anthropogenic geomorphic features. The results from the evaluation of remote sensing data and the techniques applied demonstrated the potential of the remote sensing tool for studying environments in highly dynamic tropical coastal areas of difficult access. However, these tools may present some limitations once applied to application to the Amazon coast, which is a region under strong dynamic natural and anthropogenic processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do modelo hidrodinâmico SMC: uma aplicação na Costa Norte Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-24) MOTA, Fabíola Cardoso da; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471
Coastal environments are highly dynamic because of complex processes that occur in the transition between the ocean and the continent. Climate changes induce changes in the coastal zone that cause decline in economic, environmental and subsistence values. The integrated coastal zone management is a continuous and dynamic process, in which decisions should be taken in order to sustainable development and protection of resources of coastal and marine areas. The main goal of integrated coastal zone management is to improve the life quality of human communities that are dependent of coastal resources, taking into account the maintenance of biological diversity and ecosystems productivity. The coastal modelling system called SMC Brazil was introduced in Brazil by the Ministry of Environment in order to standardize the modeling throughout the coastal zone of the country. This study aims to implement the model SMCBrasil in North Coast of Brazil (Princesa beach- Algodoal Island), evaluate it and analyze the hydrodynamic answers, in order to know more about coastal processes that govern this region. In order to understand the processes in the study area, the methodology consisted in collect in situ data to know about the intensity of coastal parameters. 6 cases were created in the model to represent the wave theories (Linear, Stokes and Composite) and sediment transport (Bailard and Soulsby) for two moments of tide: low tide and high tide. Two mesh grids were created in the study area, and one entry point that would fit better to it and the conditions limits of the model was chosen. The propagated waves by the composed theory represented the study area in question more than the others, and the simulated sediment transport simulated by Soulsby theory suffered less interference of interpolation than the Bailard, since it considers the bed transport and suspension. The simulated cases in this study were based on boundary conditions that more often occur on the study area, so the results can be used as a basin to understanding how the coastal processes occur in it in general way.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os desafios para a gestão das reservas extrativistas marinhas da Amazônia: estudo de caso Reserva Extrativista Maracanã/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-28) MARÇAL, Alessandro Silva; MORAES, Sérgio Cardoso de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4568311568729454; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
The Brazilian coastal zone represents one of the largest national territorial units, and still houses one of the most important reserves of natural resources in the country. For the promotion of sustainable development in this region, Brazil has been seeking in recent decades, comply with international agreements, and also integrate public policies that focus on this territory, having instituted on the national scale several To promote dialogue between public organizations and civil society, to guide both the fulfillment of these agreements and the integration of public action. This strategy was reflected in the creation in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ZCA) of the largest range of protected mangroves in the world, composed among others, by 17 (seventeen) Marine extractive reserves (RESEX MAR), whose consolidation in addition to having significant social importance, is essential for the fulfilment of international commitments, as well as for the conservation of internationally recognized wetlands as priority for conservation as RAMSAR sites. To guide the consolidation of these conservation units were instituted their deliberative councils. However, despite the recognition of the socio-environmental relevance of these RESEX MAR, there is no consensus in the academic environment regarding the effectiveness of these, in view of the anthropic processes that have been promoted in this region, especially by the population increase, disorderly urban growth, river basin degradation and the expansion of the fishing industry, which without due planning, has cooperated to make the traditional population of these RESEX MAR more dependent on state aid, as well as for the worsening of socio-environmental conflicts in these territories. Thus, aiming to contribute to this discussion, and also, with the consolidation of the RESEX MAR of the ZCA, we propose the case study of the Extractive Reserve Maracanã, which besides being one of the first RESEX MAR created in the region, is the only one of the Pará coast that receives support of the ARPA program for more than 08 (eight) years, which has given it greater possibilities to develop actions for its consolidation. Based on this, we developed the construction of this study in the course of personal learning developed within the scope of the ZCA, professional experiences experienced at more than 04 (years) acting as an environmental analyst of ICMBio in the management of RESEX Maracanã, Documental Research and analysis with the help of the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the information produced were subjected to theoretical analysis, through bibliographic research, based on dialectics. Through this methodology we perceive the main threats to the objectives of creating this RESEX MAR, and we also evaluate the governance of public actions in favor of the consolidation of this RESEX MAR at national and CONDEL level, thus obtaining subsidies that both contributed to propose measures to improve this governance, and corroborated the hypothesis that the threats to the objectives of the creation of the ZCA's RESEX MAR can be overcome by improving governance at the local and global scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecomorphological patterns of the fishes inhabiting the tide pools of the Amazonian Coastal Zone, Brazil
(2013) SOARES, Bruno Eleres; RUFFEIL, Tiago Octavio Begot; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis
The present study was based on the identification of the ecomorphological patterns that characterize the fish species found in tide pools in the Amazonian Coastal Zone (ACZ) in the Pará State, Brazil. Representatives of 19 species were collected during two field campaigns in 2011. The dominance, residence status, and trophic guild of each species were established, and morphometric data were obtained for up to 10 specimens of each species. A total of 23 ecomorphological attributes related to locomotion, position in the water column, and foraging behavior were calculated for the analysis of ecomorphological distance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized for the evaluation of ecomorphological attributes that explained the variation among species. Mantel Test was used to correlate the taxonomic distance with species' morphological patterns and a partial Mantel Test to analyze the correlation among trophic guilds and ecomorphological patterns, controlling the effects of taxonomic distance among species. The analyses revealed two principal axes of the variation related to locomotion, correlated with the width of the caudal peduncle and the shape of the anal fin, as well as the influence of taxonomic distance on the ecomorphological characteristics of the different species. The dominant and resident species both presented a reduced capacity for continuous swimming. The two principal axes identified in relation to the position of the fish in the water column were correlated with the position of the eyes, the area of the pelvic fin, and body shape, with evidence of the influence of taxonomic distance on the morphology of the species. PCA grouped species with pelagic habits with benthonic ones. In the case of foraging behavior, the two principal axes formed by the analysis correlated with the size of the mouth, eye size, and the length of the digestive tract. Species of different guilds were grouped together, indicating a weak relationship between morphology and foraging behavior, and no relationship was found with taxonomic distance. The resident and dominant species in the tide pools of the ACZ present sedentary habits, with little evidence of the influence of taxonomic distance on the use of habitats or morphology, which was a poor indicator of foraging strategies, and showing that phylogenetically distant species could present similar ecomorphological patterns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) mapping of oil spill in the amazon coastal zone: the PIATAM Mar project
(2009) SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; PROST, Maria Thereza Ribeiro da Costa; MIRANDA, Fernando Pellon de; SALES, Maria Emília Cruz; BORGES, Heloisa Vargas; COSTA, Francisco Ribeiro da; ALMEIDA, Edson Faria de; NASCIMENTO JUNIOR, Wilson da Rocha
The importance of environmental monitoring is clear from the many oil spills that have occurred over the past three decades. This has encouraged both companies and the public sector involved in the prevention and response to these accidents to develop efficient procedures to minimize the damage caused by accidents involving oil spill. This study reviews the history of oil spill accidents in Brazil and examines how these events have contributed to the development of technological research through partnerships involving oil companies, government, universities and research institutes, with the emphasis on the Amazon coastal zone. As a result, environmental sensitivity indexes (ESIs) for oil spill have been developed specifically for the Amazon coast, where fluvial and marine processes take place in the estuary of the world's largest river system. Perspectives on research and emergency response procedures are presented, with the primary objective of conserving the social-environmental diversity of the planet's most important tropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ilhas da zona costeira amazônica: relevância, desenvolvimento e isolamento geográfico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-08) QUARESMA, Arley Martins; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
Studies related to islands in the Amazon, whether of greater or lesser importance, are minimal, although more than 50% of the municipalities in the Amazon coastal zone-ZCA have a territorial area composed of islands. However, the islands face numerous barriers such as isolation, territorial development and management aspects. In this sense, the general objective of this work is to analyze the importance of islands in the Amazon coastal zone, and the relationship of development and geographic isolation on islands in the municipality of BelémPA. The methodological procedures involved two stages, the first encompassing (i) Analysis of the population of the ZCA municipalities (ii); Identification of the GDP of the municipalities in the coastal zone; (iii) classification of municipalities in the coastal zone that have islands in their territorial composition; (vi) Quantification of the total areas of islands in the ZCA and (v) Percentage of protected areas in island areas. The second stage consisted of a multicriterio analysis that determined the degree of isolation of the most relevant islands in the municipality of Belém-PA. The determination of the degree of isolation took into account two indicators: Accessibility and Connectivity and their respective variables. The data showed that in the ZCA, especially the islands, it has an expressive relevance in terms of economy, territorial area, and areas of environmental conservation. It was also found that the most isolated islands have been fed different conditions of autonomy and development. Islands with a lower degree of isolation have physical connections and intense connectivity, a way in which they reduce isolation. In such connections, the islands most prone to development are not those closest to the mainland, but those with the greatest service offerings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de dados de sensores remotos para o mapeamento dos índices e sensibilidades ambiental a derramamento de óleo na Baía de Guajará, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) GONÇALVES, Fabrício Dias; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252
In spite of the increasing performance of operational safety technology in exploration, production and transportation of petroleum, the risk of accidents is still present and the corresponding impacts are a threat for coastal zones throughout the world. The largest oil spills in the world have been ecologically devastating due to the destruction of wildlife. Natural resources in the Guajará Bay (Belém-PA, Amazonian) are threatened by several human activities, such as industrial pollution by heavy metals and urban effluents that are daily spilled there. In addition, the location of the Miramar petrochemistry terminal in the vicinities of Belém constitutes a risk for potential oil spills. Ships and tankers that daily cross the bay also represent an environmental threat. The aim of this work is to carry out an environmental sensitivity index (ESI) analysis of the Amazonian coast for oil spills, and to provide an environmental sensitivity index map for the region. With this objective in mind, the ESI was analysed for the region using the method proposed for NOAA (2002) and Petrobras (2002), in order to develop a new approach that consider the uniqueness of the coastal environment of the Amazonian Region. The method used to develop an environmental sensitivity index map considers an integrated analysis of the coastal environment and includes digital image processing of remote sensing data, in this case, RADARSAT-1 Wide-1 and LANDSAT-7 ETM+ images, as well as the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and field surveys focusing on geomorphology, topography, sedimentology and social-economics. This approach allowed an accurate analysis of ESI for potential oil spills, based on an environmental georeferenced data base. As a result, seven landscape units were identified, ESI corresponding to the following values: i) solid man-made structure - ESI 1B; ii) cliff - ESI 3; iii) beach - ESI 4; iv) sheltered man-made structure - ESI 8B; v) tidal mudflat - ESI 9B; vi) mangrove - ESI 10A; vii) freshwater marsh - 10B. The use of remote sensing technologies and GIS together with the field work, proved to be a powerful combination to assess the geomorphology in the study area and therefore, to establish environmental sensibility indexes for oil spills. These procedures were helpful to define priority areas to be protected in case of oil spills.