Navegando por Assunto "Zoologia - Classificação"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abelhas das orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini) e as plantações de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) na Amazônia Oriental: mudanças na composição de espécies, tamanho corporal e diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-02) BRITO, Thaline de Freitas; MAUÉS, Márcia Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0976385386657517; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925
In this study, we evaluated the role of legal reserves (LR) and areas of permanent protection (APP) in the maintenance of orchid bee species, and we tested the influence of abiotic and habitat parameters on taxonomic and functional diversity of this group. In addition, we investigated the occurrence of phenotypic variations (body and wing size, and fluctuating asymmetry) in response to environmental stress caused by oil palm plantations. Orchid bee males were sampled in nine areas (3 RL, 3 APP, and 3 oil palm plantations) in the municipality of Tailândia, southeast of the state of Pará. In each area, we installed six separate sampling stations, 500 m apart, each one with six scent traps; totaling 36 traps per area, and 108 per habitat type. We compared differences in observed abundance and richness using a One-Way ANOVA, we evaluated species composition patterns with a PCoA, and we also used a species indicator analysis. A partial RDA was applied to evaluate the influence of habitat attributes, space and habitat type on taxonomic and functional parameters of bees. In addition, we compared body and wing size variations of the individuals through the types of habitat. Our results indicate that oil palm areas are characterized by the presence of few individuals and species, low functional diversity, and by larger bees. Despite this, we recorded four species associated to LR, which can be useful indicators of orchid bee’s communities in the Amazon rainforest. The habitat structure was not a good predictor of both functional and taxonomic composition, and no levels of fluctuating asymmetry were detected, but bees from oil palm showed larger wings compared to forest areas. Our research highlights that APPs play an important role in maintaining both taxonomic and functional composition of orchid bees, which could reinforce the fact that bees use these areas as displacement corridors in a matrix formed by oil palm plantation. Thus, both LRs and PPAs areas fulfill their purpose of protecting the biodiversity of orchid bees.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As aves do estado do Maranhão: atualização do conhecimento e conservação em uma região de ecótono entre a floresta Amazônica e Cerrado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-12) CARVALHO, Dorinny Lisboa de; SILVA, Daniel de Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1409353191899248; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
The state of Maranhão is located between the eastern Amazon and the northern Cerrado, presenting a wide variety of environments in its ecotonal area. Due to this environmental heterogeneity, Maranhão has one of the richest avifaunas in Brazil. Furthermore, this region includes one of the world's most endangered biogeographical provinces. In order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of avifauna in this region, this study has as its main objectives: 1) review and update the checklist of birds species from Maranhão to identify possiblesampling gaps in the state; 2) test the effectiveness of the State Protected Areas (PAs) and Indigenous Lands (TIs) system in the protection of threatened and endemic bird species using SDMs and; 3) assess the potential impact of climate change on the distribution and conservation of 24 threatened bird taxa occurring in the state, comparing current and future distributions (2070) with the current reserve system, in order to identify potentially stable areas that can serve as dispersal corridors for the evaluated taxa. In chapter 1) we recorded the occurrence of 750 bird species, distributed into 88 families and 30 orders. We added 114 new species (95 residents, 13 migratory and 6 vagrants) to the last list compiled 27 years ago for the same region. In chapter 2) we observed that taxa with wider distributions are protected equally as taxa with smaller distributions and larger PAs are more efficient than smaller. Our results also showed that most Cerrado PAs are poorly allocated. We suggest six priority areas for conservation of Neotropical birds and highlight the importance of indigenous lands in conserving Neotropical biodiversity. In chapter 3) our results indicated that, although threatened Amazon and Cerrado taxa are potentially protected, for both present and future scenarios, most of the taxa are likely to suffer drastic population size declines or even global extinction in the near future. We highlight the importance of creating a system of dispersal corridors that interconnect PAs in this region, as well as the implementation of public policies for maintenance and mitigation of the areas adjacent to these corridors, aiming at the conservation of the richness and diversity of species in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição de um gênero novo e três espécies novas de Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-07) ALMEIDA, Flávio Roberto de Albuquerque; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The family Pentatomidae is the fourth most diverse among Heteroptera, comprising about 4.700 species divided in, approximately, 800 genera. The family is a monophyletic taxa characterized by the loss of gonapophyses 8, gonapophyses 9 reduced and fused to gonocoxites 9, gonangulum absent and the ductus receptaculi dilated and invaginated, forming three distinct walls. The subfamily Edessinae is the second most diverse, comprising about 320 species divided in nine genera: Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (about 300 species), Ascra Say, 1832 (14 species), Brachystethus Laporte, 1832 (10 species), Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (seven species), Olbia Stål, 1862 (three species), Pantochlora Stål, 1870 (one species), Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010 (five species), Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 (nine species) and Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 (12 species). The genus Edessa has many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems related to the lack of a reliable diagnosis. In this way, species which have general characteristics of the subfamily and did not fit in the diagnostic features of other genera of Edessinae are considered to belonging to Edessa. This practice made the genus a "deposit" of species with indefinite limits. The proposal for the genus is to revise Edessa in groups of species sharing morphological distinctive characters (possible synapomorphies). One of these enigmatic groups of Edessa is formed by Edessa celsa Distant, 1890 and three allied new species. Here we describe a new genus for these four species sharing a unique set of characteristics and compare with Hypoxys, subgenus of Edessa with similar facies. Diagnosis, illustrations of the metasternal process and external and internal genitalia, photographs of the dorsal and ventral view, and a distributional map are provided. A key to the genera belonging to Edessinae and a key to the species of Plagaedessa are also provided. Male and female genitalia of Plagaedessa celsa n. comb. are described for the first time. Distribution of P. celsa is extended to Costa Rica and Mexico. The lectotype of Edessa celsa is here designated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística do gênero Novamundoniscus Schultz, 1995 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-02) CARVALHO, Jonathas Teixeira Lisboa; ARAÚJO, Paula Beatriz de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6693864880223173; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
Oniscidea was erected by Latreille in 1802. From Schmalfuss (1989), monophytic Oniscidea was accepted, based on derivated characters common to all Oniscidea. Dubioniscidae was erected by Schultz to include the genera Dubioniscus Vandel, 1963, Calycuoniscus Collinge, 1915 and Phalloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908 and the genus Novamundoniscus Schultz, 1995, erected to allocate the american species of Phalloniscus. This study aimed to make the taxonomic review of Novamundoniscus and to produce phylogenetic hipotesis of monophyletic relations of the species that compound this genus, based on morphology, to elaborate a phylogenetic relationship hipotesis among the genera that compounds Dubioniscidae, redescribe known species and describe new ones. This work is presented in a single chapter, divided into two parts, taxonomy and phylogeny of Novamundoniscus. 18 species of Dubioniscus, Novamundoniscus e Phalloniscus were analysed and a data matrix with 73 characters was generated. The final tree revealed Dubioniscidae as monophiletic, but, the validity of the genus Novamundoniscus could not be confirmed. The results of the phylogenetic analyses presented herein are considered provisory and, the taxonomic implications of the topology discussed were not adopted in the taxonomic revision of Novamundoniscus. However, the optimizations of the characters in this topology furnishes important conclusions for the understanding of the evolutive history of the taxa analysed and the characters matrix offers a solid basis for the continuation of this line of research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética das espécies de Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-17) SOUZA, Caroline Costa de; PATIU, Cátia Antunes de Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6111953763967066; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800
Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 is a Neotropical genus of medium-sized flesh flies (5-11 mm), characterized mainly by the postgonite laterally curved and pointed apex. This genus comprises 10 valid species which biology is poorly known. The taxonomic revision of the genus resulted in 11 species, being one new species, Retrocitomyia silveirai sp. n. All species are redescribed and illustrated. Distribution maps and an update of key for male identification is provided. In addition, it is proposed a hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationship to the species of the genus, based on 19 external morphological characters of male adults, mainly from terminalia. The analysis has 14 terminal taxa, being 11 ingroup and three outgroups. The monophyly of Retrocitomyia was recovered sustain by four autapomorphies: (1) abdominal ST5 with posterior arm long, (2) abdominal ST5 with median lobe rounded, (3) median lobe of abdominal ST5 protruding, (4) cercus with a dorsal concavity. The result of phylogenetic analysis shows a basal polytomy included the type-species (R. retrocita) and R. mizuguchiana, R. silveirai sp. nov., R. adolenda, e R. fluminensis. Besides that, the analysis recovered a clade (Clade A) formed by (R. andina, (R. mexicana + R. trinitatensis), (R. sisbiota + (R. urumajoensis + R. paraguayensis)).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática molecular e implicações para a conservação de uma linhagem endêmica da Amazônia: o gênero Hylexetastes Sclater, 1889 (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-07) RODRIGUEZ, Roxiris Auxiliadora Azuaje; SILVA, Sofia Alexandra Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0062405368911898; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570
The genus Hylexetastes is endemic to the Amazon rainforest. Currently, two species are accepted in the genus (H. perrotti and H. stresemannii), each one divided into three subspecies. Nevertheless, some authors defend that the subspecies of H. perrotti should be considered as full species. In particular, H. p. brigidai is an endemic taxon from Pará and Mato Grosso and seems to have the smallest distribution area. This lineage is distributed by the most deforested region within the biome and thus its taxonomic status is of particular concern for conservation. So far, only morphological characters have been evaluated for taxonomic definition of this genus. Therefore, in this study we present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis to help solve the taxonomic uncertainties within the genus. Fragments of two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and three nuclear markers (BF5, G3PDH and MUSK) were sequenced on 58 Hylexetastes specimens. In addition, ecological niche modeling was developed for each of the identified strains to evaluate their potential distribution area, climatic requirements and their vulnerability to deforestation. The phylogenetic analyzes support the designation of H. perrotti, H. uniformis and H. brigidai as full species, and H. perrotti seems to be a sister species of H. stresemanni and not of the other taxa considered co-specific. In addition, it was possible to distinguish the presence of two Significant Evolutionary Units within H. uniformis. Each of these taxa are distributed in different interfluvial / endemic areas of the Amazon basin. In particular, it confirms the status of full species for H. brigidai, endemic to the second area of Amazonian endemism with greater deforestation. Thus, we suggest the continued in-depth evaluation of its conservation status to promote its preservation.